pressly said in Luke i. 32, 35, Matt. iii. 16, 17; and in other places. From these considerations it appears why the men of the church approach God the Father immediately, and many also the Holy Spirit immediately, but scarcely any one the Lord directly. Since the Jews, from a denial that the Lord was the Messiah, the Son of God, crucified him, therefore their Jerusalem is also called Sodom, Isaiah iii. 9, Jerem. xxiii. 14, Ezek. xvi. 46, 48. And the Lord says, "On the same day that Lot went out of Sodom, it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all; even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of Man is revealed," Luke xvii. 29, 30. What is meant by fire and brimstone may be seen above, n. 452, 494.

505. "And they of the peoples, and tribes, and tongues, and nations, shall see their dead bodies three days and a half," signifies, that when all they who, until the end of the present church and the beginning of the New Church, have been and will be in falses of doctrine and evils of life from faith alone, have heard and shall hear of these two essentials, which are the acknowledgment of the Lord and of works according to the decalogue. By peoples, and tribes, and tongues, and nations, are meant all of the reformed who have been and shall be in falses of doctrine, and thus in evils of life from faith alone; by peoples, are signified those who are in falses of doctrine, n. 483; by tribes, falses and evils of the church, n. 349; by tongues, confession and reception thereof, n. 483; and by nations, those who are in evils of life, n. 483. Therefore, by these four are signified all and every one who have been and who will be such, thus all they who have been in that great city, and they that are like unto them, who will henceforth come there out of the world. By their bodies, or those of the two witnesses, are signified the two essentials of the New Church abovementioned, n. 501; by seeing them, is signified when they have heard and shall hear of them, because to see is said of their bodies, and to hear, of these two essentials; by three days and a half, is signified to the end and beginning, that is, to the end of the present church, and the

beginning of the new. Now from collating what has been said into one sense, it is evident, that by these words, "They of the peoples, and tribes, and tongues, and nations, shall see their bodies three days and a half," the things above-mentioned are signified in a spiritual sense. The reason why three days and a half signify to the end and beginning, is, because day signifies state; the number three, what is complete to the end; and a half, the beginning; for the same is signified by three days and a half as by a week, six days of which signify what is complete to the end, and the seventh day signifies what is holy; for the number 3 is half of the number 7, which makes a week, and a double number, and the divided number of which it consists, signify the same thing. That three signifies a completion, thus to the end, may be seen from these passages in the Word: That "Isaiah walked naked and barefoot three years," Isaiah xx. 3. That Jehovah called Samuel three times, and Samuel ran three times to Eli, and that the third time Eli understood, 1 Sam. iii. 1—8. That Elijah stretched himself three times over the widow's son, 1 Kings xvii. 21. That Elijah commanded them to throw water upon the burnt-offering three times, 1 Kings xviii. 34. That Jesus said, "the kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took, and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened," Matt. xiii. 33. That Jesus said unto Peter, that he should deny him thrice, Matt. xxvi. 34. That the Lord asked Peter thrice, "Lovest thou me?" John xxi. 15, 16, 17. That" Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights," Jonah i. 17. That Jesus said the temple should be destroyed, and that he would build it up again in three days, Matt. xxvi. 6. That Jesus prayed three times in Gethsemane, Matt. xxvi. 89-44. That Jesus rose again on the third day, Matt. xxviii. 1; besides many others; as in Isaiah xvi. 14, Hosea vi. 2, Exod. iii. 18, x. 22, 23, xix. 1, 11, 15, 16, 18, Levit. xix. 23, 24, 25, Numb. xix. 12, to the end, xxxi. 19-25, Deut. xx. 2, 3, 4, xxvi. 12, Joshua i. 11, iii. 2, 1 Sam. xx. 5, 12, 19, 20, 35, 36, 41, 2 Sam. xxiv. 11, 12, 13, Dan. x. 2, 3, 4, Mark xii. 2, 4,

5, 6, Luke xx. 12, 18, xiii. 32, 33. Seven, as well as three, signifies what is full and complete; but seven is said of things holy, and three of things not holy.

506. “And shall not suffer their dead bodies to be put into monuments," signifies, that they condemned and will condemn them. By bodies, are here signified the two essentials of the New Church, of which above, n. 505; and by not suffering them to be put into monuments, is signified to reject them as condemned. This is signified, because by being put into monuments, or buried, is signified resurrection and continuation of life, for then those things are committed to the earth which are from the earth, thus which are earthly and thence unclean; therefore, by not being put into monuments, or not being buried, is signified to continue in things earthly and unclean, and for that reason to be rejected as damned. It was on this account that in the church established among the sons of Israel, which was a representative church, it was instituted, that they who were considered as damned, should be cast forth and not buried, as is evident from these words: Thus saith Jehovah concerning them, "they shall die of grievous deaths, they shall not be lamented; neither shall they be buried; they shall be as dung upon the face of the earth :-and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth," Jerem. xvi. 3, 4. The prophets that prophesy a lie "shall be cast out in the streets of Jerusalem, and shall have none to bury them," Jerem. xiv. 16. In that day "they shall bring out the bones of the kings of Judah, and the bones of his princes, and the bones of the priests, and the bones of the prophets-out of their graves:—they shall not be gathered nor be buried; they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth," Jerem. viii. 1, 2. That the dogs devoured "Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there was none to bury her," 2 Kings ix. 10. "But thou art cast out of thy grave like an abominable branch ;-as a carcass trodden under feet," Isaiah xiv. 19, 20; besides other places; as in Jerem. xxv. 32, 33, xxii. 19, vii. 32, 33, xix. 11, 12, 2 Kings. xxiii. 16.

507. "And they that dwell upon the earth shall re

joice over them and be glad," signifies, the delight, on that account, of the affection of the heart and soul in the church among those who were in faith alone, as to doctrine and life. By the dwellers upon earth, are meant they who are in the church, in the present case, they who are in the church where faith alone prevails; the earth, signifies the church in which they are, n. 285; to rejoice and be glad, signifies to enjoy the delight of the affection of the heart and soul; the delight of the affection of the heart having reference to the will, and the delight of the affection of the soul having reference to the understanding; for, in the Word, by heart and soul are meant the will and understanding of man: hence it is, that it is said to rejoice and be glad, although joy and gladness seem to be one and the same thing; but in these two expressions there is the marriage of the will and the understanding, which also is the marriage of good and truth, which exist in the whole and in every particular of the Word, as is shown in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem concerning the Sacred Scripture, n. 80-90. This is the reason why both these expressions, to rejoice and be glad, or joy and gladness, frequently occur in other parts of the Word, as in these passages: "They shall obtain joy and gladness," Isaiah xxxv. 10, li. 11. "Joy and gladness is cut off from the house of our God," Joel i. 16. The voice of joy and the voice of gladness shall cease, Jerem. vii. 34, XV. 10. "The fast of the tenth shall be for joy and gladness," Zech. viii. 19. "Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, be ye glad with her," Isaiah Ixvi. 10. "Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom,” Lament. iv. 21. "Let the heavens rejoice, and the earth be glad," Psalm xcvi. 12. "Make me to hear joy and gladness," Psalm li. 8. Joy and gladness shall be found in Zion, Isaiah li. 3. "Thou shalt have joy and gladness, and many shall rejoice at his birth," Luke i. 14. "Then will I cause to cease the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride," Jerem. vii. 34, xvi. 9, xxv. 10, xxxiii. 10, 11. "Let all them that trust in thee rejoice and be glad," Psalm v. 11, Psalm lxx. 5. "But let

the righteous be glad and rejoice in gladness," Psalm lxviii. 3. "Be glad in Jerusalem, rejoice for joy with her," Isaiah Ixvi. 10.

508. "And shall send gifts one to another," signifies, consociation through love and friendship. To send gifts, signifies to be associated by love and friendship, because a gift consociates, for it begets love and causes friendship; one to another, signifies mutually.

509. "Because these two prophets tormented them that dwell upon the earth," signifies, that these two essentials, one concerning the Lord and concerning the Divine Humanity; and the other, concerning a life according to the commandments of the decalogue, are contrary to the two essentials received in the church of the reformed, one of which relates to a trinity of persons, and the other to faith alone being saving without the works of the law, and that by reason of this contrariety, those two essentials of the New Church, which is the New Jerusalem, are held in contempt, dislike, and aversion. That this is what is signified, when, by the two prophets or witnesses, are meant the two essentials of the New Church, and when, by they that dwell upon earth, are meant they who are principled in the two essentials of the Reformed Church, follows as a necessary consequence; by tormenting, is signified to be held in contempt, dislike, and aversion.

510. "And after three days and a half the spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood upon their feet," signifies, that these two essentials of the New Church, at the end of the former, and during the commencement and progress of the New Church, will, with those who receive them, be vivified by the Lord. By three days and a half, is signified to the end and beginning, n. 505, thus from the end of the present church to the beginning of the new, in this case, with those among whom the New Church takes its rise and makes progress, because it is now said of the witnesses, that the spirit of life entered into them, and they stood upon their feet. By the spirit of life from God, is signified spiritual life; and by standing upon their feet, is signified natural life in