Poured never from her frozen loins to pass 355 Forthwith from every squadron and each band The heads and leaders thither haste where stood Their great commander; godlike shapes, and forms And powers that erst in heaven sat on thrones, 360 Though of their names in heavenly records now Be no memorial, blotted out and rased By their rebellion from the books of life. Nor had they yet among the sons of Eve Got them new names; till, wandering o'er the earth, 365 By falsities and lies the greatest part Oft to the image of a brute, adorned 370 lous North, what Sir William Temple calls 'the northern hive,' whence Goths, Franks, and Vandals came swarming. 353. Rhene (Lat. Rhenus, Rhine). So Spenser, Faerie Queene, IV. XI. 21. Danaw (Ger. Donau, Danube). -355. Beneath (like Lat. infra), south of. In 429 A. D. the Vandals pushed their conquests into Africa? Libyan. African. 356. Squadron (Lat. quatuor, four; quadra, square; Fr. escadron. Note that our military terms are almost all from the French). Same as squared regiment,' 1. 758?-360. Erst. Etymology?-361. Though of their names, etc. In Ps. ix. 5, 6, we read, "Thou hast put out their name forever and ever. ・ ・ ・ Their memorial is perished with them." In Rev. xx. 12, "And the books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the book of life." See Rev. iii. 5. There is a peculiar solemnity in the Miltonic idea that these names shall nevermore be pronounced in heaven! See Par. Lost, V. 659, 660.--365. New names. The Christian Fathers believed that the heathen gods were devils in disguise. Milton gives this belief an ingenious poetic turn,' says Masson. "In the course of ages. . . they got them new names." "It is by these names that they must, though by anticipation, be called in the poem." -369, 370. Invisible glory. See the eloquent statement in Rom. i. 23; also Ps. cvi. 20; And devils to adore for deities: Then were they known to men by various names And various idols through the heathen world. 375 Say, Muse, their names then known, who first, who last, The chief were those, who, from the pit of hell 380 385 390 /. First Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Exod. xxxii. - 372. Religions (Lat. religiones), religious rites. -373. Devils. See Levit. xvii. 7; Deut. xxx. 17; Ps. cvi. 37; also, especially, 1 Cor. x. 20. See Hymn on the Nativity, st. 19-25.375. Idols (Gr. eldwλa, idõla, images). -376. Then. When? Who first, who last. So in the Iliad, V. 703, "Whom first, whom last did Hector lay low?" So Eneid, XI. 664. — 378. Emperor. Other names and titles of Satan in this book?-382. Roaming, etc. 'As a roaring lion, walketh about,' etc., 1 Peter v. 8.-384. Their altars. So Manasseh built them, 2 Chron. xxxiii. 3-7. See, too, Ezekiel xliii. 8.-387. Between the cherubim. "This is incorrect. The throne is . . borne by the cherubim." So says Keightley, who adds that Milton was led into error by the Eng. translation of Ps. Ixxx. 1, etc., "where between is inserted." Keightley confounds that throne, which is called the 'mercy-seat,' with the flying throne seen by Ezekiel'in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar'? See Ezekiel i. 26; Exod. xxv.) . 22, xxxvii. 7; 1 Kings vi. 27, viii. 6; Par. Lost, XII. 253, 254; also XI. 2, where 'mercy-seat above' is God's throne in heaven. 389. Abominations, 'abominations in the house called by my name,' Jer. vii. 30; Ezek. vii. 20.391. Affront, confront, face, insult (Lat. frons, forehead; Fr. affronter; It. affrontare). So repeatedly in Shakes. as, 'that he may. affront Ophelia,' Hamlet, III. 1. 30, 31.392. Moloch (Heb. Molech, king). Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears, Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels loud, Their children's cries unheard, that passed through fire 395 Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain, In Argob and in Basan, to the stream Of utmost Arnon. Nor content with such 400 405 He personifies destructive fire? See the allusions to the horrible sacrifices to him in Lev. xviii. 21; Jer. xxxii. 35; Ps. cvi. 37, 38.-395. Passed through fire. "They kindled it [the hollow brass image of Moloch] with fire, and the priest took the babe and put it into the hands of Molech, and the babe gave up the ghost. And why was it called Tophet and Hinnom? Because they used to make a noise with drums (tophim), that the father might not hear the cry of his child and have pity on him. [Tophet is otherwise rendered, 'place to be spit on,' or place of burning.'] Hinnom, because the babe wailed (menahem)." Kimchi. Gehenna, valley of Hinnom, the deep narrow glen south of Jerusalem. - 397. Rabba, on the river Jabbok, was the capital city of the Ammonites, called 'city of waters' in 2 Sam. xii. 27. Moab was the settled and civilized half of the nation of Lot, and Animon formed its predatory and Bedouin section. Smith's Bib. Dict. Down to about the middle of the second century B. c., the Ammonites are in close alliance with the Moabites. This alliance, and their nomadic character, abundantly acquit the poet of any slip of memory' in confusing the territory of the Ammonites with that of the Moabites or Amorites. (Ben-Ammi was son of Lot by his younger daughter, as Moab was by the elder.)-398. Argob and Basan, districts lying easterly from the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan. - 399. Arnon, a small stream running west into the Dead Sea. See map of Palestine. — 400. Neighborhood. Nearness to what? Wisest heart. Hypallage? — 401. Led by fraud. Explained, 1 Kings xi. 3, 4, 7, etc. -403. Opprobrious hill. In 2 Kings xxiii. 13 it is called Mount of Corruption, or Mount of Destruction, or of a Snare. Keightley says, "We know not what led Milton to use the term 'opprobrious.' Dr. Smith (Bib. Dict.) says, 66 The most southern portion of the Mt. of Olives is that usually known as the Mount of Offence. The title was bestowed on the supposition that it is the Mt. of Corruption on which Solomon erected the high places for the gods of his foreign ... Next, Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Of southmost Abarim; in Hesebon The flowery dale of Sibma clad with vines, 410 Peor his other name, when he enticed To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe. With these came they, who, from the bordering flood 415 420 wives." Grove. In the old heathen religions groves play a prominent part. Pliny tells us that the first temples were trees. But the word rendered 'grove' may have designated the emblematic carved 'pillar' in the worship of some of these gods. — 406. Chemos, deity of the Moabites, often identified with the obscene Greek god Priapus, but sometimes with Adonis, Pluto, Mars, Saturn, Bacchus, etc. See Num. xxi. 29; Jer. xlviii. 13; 1 Kings xi. 7; 2 Kings xxiii. 13. He is called god of the Ammonites in Judges xi. 24. - 407-11. Aroer, on the river Arnon. Nebo (or Pisgah ?), part of the mountain range called Abarim (opposite Jericho). Hesebon (Heshbon), Sibma, Elealè, easterly from Abarim. Horonaim, site unknown, but near by. Seon (Sihon), king of the Amorites, had driven the Moabites south of the Arnon before the Israelites reached the promised land. See a map showing Abarim, Nebo, Heshbon, etc., mentioned in Num. xxi. Isa. xv., Jer. xlviii., etc. Asphaltic pool (Lacus Asphaltites), the Dead Sea, abounding with asphaltus or bitumen. -413. Sittim (Heb. Abel-Hasshittim, meadow of acacias), in the land of Moab.-414. Do . . . rites (Gr. iepà péĠew, hiera rezein; Lat. facere sacra). Woe. Twenty-four thousand deaths. Num. xxv. 9.-415. Orgies (Gr. epyov, ergon, work; or, better, opyń, orge, violent passion), bacchanalian rites, licentious or drunken transports. — 416-17. Hill, the 'opprobrious hill,' 1. 403. Lust hard by hate. Never was weightier moral condensed into four words. 418. Josiah drove, etc. How he did it, is shown in 2 Kings xxiii.; 2 Chron. xxxiv. Reigned B. C. 641-672? 419-20. Bordering flood, the eastern boundary of the Promised Land. "To thy seed have I given this land from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates." Gen. xv. 18. Old. Mentioned as early as Gen. ii. 14. Brook. Besor, perhaps, 1 Sam. xxx. 9; or the Wady-El-Arish, the ancient 3. Mainte Egypt from Syrian ground, had general names 425 Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones, Like cumbrous flesh; but, in what shape they choose, Can execute their aery purposes, 430 And works of love or enmity fulfil. For those the race of Israel oft forsook To bestial gods; for which their heads, as low In Sion also not unsung, where stood 435 440 Rhinocolura ?-422. Baälim (Heb. Baal, master, the supreme male deity |