Whom reason hath equalled, force hath made supreme Where joy forever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail, 250 255 260 265 and from his thunder, too.” — 248. Reason. Intellect? or the reason of . things, the constitution or fitness of things? Force hath. Keightley suggests that Milton perhaps dictated had. Which is preferable? - 249, 250. What considerations or ingredients intensify the pathos here?-253, 254, etc. So Horace's "Coelum non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt," They change sky, not mind, who run across the sea; and Shakes. says, "There's nothing, either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." Faustus, in Marlowe's powerful tragedy, on being asked how he escaped from hell, exclaims, "Why, this is hell, nor am I out of it"; and still more terribly Satan exclaims (Par. Lost, IV. 75), "Which way I fly is hell, myself am hell!" See IV. 20-23. Its own place. Milton uses its but three times; the word was just coming into use, but was wholly avoided in King James's Bible, and occurs very rarely in Shakespeare. 257. All but less. Supreme, except that I am less? Newton proposed to read albeit. - 258. Whom thunder, etc. "There is a fine scorn in this phrase." Ross.- 260. For his envy. grim mirth! 263. The energy of these lines is superhuman. They voice the inmost soul of Satan, and strikingly contrast it with the spirit of Achilles (in Odys. XI. 489, etc.), who would rather be a slave to the poorest hind on earth than reign monarch of the dead! Similar is the sentiment of Prometheus in Eschy. Prom. V. 1002.- 265. Soco-mates and brothers in exile' in Shakes. As You 266. Astonished (Lat. attonāre, to thunderstrike; tonitru, thun Like It. And call them not to share with us their part 270 275 280 285 Behind him cast. The broad circumference Hung on his shoulders like the moon, whose orb At evening from the top of Fesolè Or in Valdarno, to descry new lands, 290 der; Fr. étonner, akin to A. S. dyne, Icel. dyn, thunder, and to stunian, to stun?), thunderstruck, bewildered, confounded. Oblivious, causing oblivion, stupefying. 267. Share. As colonists shared lands? - 268. Mansion (manere, to remain), abiding-place. — 276. And on = and especially on. A classic usage. Edge (A. S. ecge; Gr. aký; Lat. acies, edge, line of battle), the fore-front. Others define it crisis. Your preference? 281. Erewhile (ere, afore; while, time), aforetime. Astounded, same force as astonished, 1. 266. 282. Fallen, i. e. fallen from. Pernicious (Lat. per, thoroughly; necāre, to kill; nes, violent death), destructive. 285. Temper. Syntax-286. Circumference. Metonymy? or synecdoche? - 287. Moon, i. e. as it appears magnified?-288. Artist, one skilled in an art in which science and taste are preeminent? Tuscan. Story of Galileo and his telescope? Milton's visit to him? 289. Fesolè (Lat. Faesulae; It. Fiesole, the hill above Florence). 290. Valdarno (It. val, valley; d'Arno, of the river Arno). Location? Rivers, or mountains, in her spotty globe. 295 300 In Vallombrosa, where the Etrurian shades Afloat, when with fierce winds Orion armed 305 Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew 66 = 292. To equal which in comparison with which. Write out the proportion: As a wand to the tallest pine, so -? Pine. 'The dark Norway pine' is famous in poetry.—294. Ammiral (Ar. amir, or emir, lord; al, the; Ital. ammiraglio, flag-ship), principal vessel, any large ship. See Odys. IX. 322; so Eneid, III. 659, where the trunk of a pine steadies the steps of the Cyclops.- 296. Marle, soft clayey soil. Conceive this gigantic being sinking at every step in the fiery mire! 297. Azure. "Having the visible heaven in his mind, he forgets that he had quite a different idea of the ground of heaven." Keightley. Not so; there is such a thing as poetry. Besides, the angelic step was light: High above the ground their march was, and the passive air upbore their nimble tread"! VI. 71-73. - 299. Nathless (A. S. natheles, na, not), none the less. Frequent in early English.-302. Strow (Lat. sterno, stravi), strew. 303. Vallombrosa (Lat. vallis; Ital. valle, vale; Lat. umbra, shade; Ital. ombroso, shady), the shady valley. Vallombrosa, in sight of Florence, though eighteen miles distant, visited by Milton in September, 1838. "The natural woods," says Wordsworth, "are deciduous, and spread to a great extent." See Eneid, VI. 309— souls 'as numerous as the leaves that fall in the first chill of autumn.'-304. Sedge, sea-weed. The Hebrew name of the Red Sea means sea of sedge.' — 305. Orion, a mighty Boeotian hunter, who at death became a constellation. Storms attended its rising and setting. Armed, with sword and club. Euripides calls him iphpns, xiphērēs, armed with sword; Virgil speaks of him as armatum auro, armed with gold, and nimbosus, stormy. --307. Busiris. Pharaoh being a mere title like Czar, Mil While with perfidious hatred they pursued Princes, Potentates, 310 Of hell resounded: 66 315 Warriors, the flower of heaven, once yours, now lost, If such astonishment as this can seize Eternal spirits! Or have ye chosen this place 320 After the toil of battle to repose Your wearied virtue, for the ease you find 325 330 ton follows Raleigh in singling out Busiris as the oppressor of the Israelites, a cruel Egyptian king slain by Hercules. See Exod. xiv. Memphian. Memphis, out of whose ruins Cairo was built, was one of the oldest and largest cities. Chivalry, cavalry. Ital. cavalleria; Fr. chevalerie; fr. Fr. cheval, horse; Lat. caballus, nag.—308. Perfidious. How so?-309. Sojourners. Why so called? Goshen. Which part of Egypt? Gen. xlvii. 1. Beheld. Exod. xiv. 30, 31.312. Abject (Lat. abjecti, cast down, prostrated). -313. Amazement, utter bewilderment, stupor. Of. Meaning? 315. Princes, etc. In this wonderfully sublime speech, three degrees of rank are recognized, princes, potentates, and warriors. 317. Astonishment, the utter confusion or insensibility of one thunderstruck. - 320. Virtue (Lat. virtus, manliness), valor, strength. For, on account of. - 325. Anon (A. S. on, in; an, one), in one moment, soon.-328. Linked. 'Like chain shot'? Linked thunderbolts 'chain lightning'?-330. The intensity and sublimity of this appeal are hardly equalled in literature. Point out its constituent quali = They heard, and were abashed, and up they sprung In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel; Of Amram's son, in Egypt's evil day, Waved round the coast, up called a pitchy cloud ... 335 340 345 350 - 339. ties. - 335. Nor . . . not. As often in Latin two negatives make an emphatic positive.-337. To . . . obeyed. To is thus used with obey in Rom. vi. 16. — 338. Potent rod. Exod. iv. 2, 17; viii. 5; x. 12-15, etc. Amram's son. Exod. vi. 20.-340. Pitchy. Sense? Dark as pitch or tar? -341. Warping (A. S. wearpian, to cast, turn, twist, wind). Working themselves forward like successive waves? Webster, quoting this passage, defines the word warp, 'To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave like a flock of birds or insects.' The word usually means to turn or be turned out of a straight line. Says Keightley, "Milton here uses this term of art improperly." Keightley's mistake is in supposing that Milton uses 'warping' in the rare technical sense which the word bears in navigation, a "The land was sense never found in Shakes. nor Milton. - 343. Darkened. darkened." Exod. x. 15. — 345. Cope. Same root as cap? - 347. Till, as a signal, etc. "A falconer recalling his hawk by waving the lure seems to have been in the poet's mind," remarks Keightley. More likely he thought of Joshua's outstretched spear near Ai? Josh. viii. 18, 19, 26.-350. Brimstone. Color and nature of this soil?-351. Note the threefold imagery used to picture these angels on the lake, in the air, and on the plain! Popu |