PART I. THE SENTENCE. 1. THE UNIT SENTENCE.1 17. A group of words used to express a complete thought is a sentence. Sentence is from the Latin sententia a thought. 18. The sentence is the grammatical unit. A. FORMS OF SENTENCES. 19. Sentences have different forms used in the expression of thought. Note the form of the following sentences: 1. Kind words are the music of the world. - Faber. 2. Deeds survive the doers. Mann. Note that the preceding sentences are used in telling or stating something. The Sentence. 20. A sentence in the form of a statement is a Declarative declarative sentence. Declarative is from the Latin declarativus -telling. 1 See Notes for Teachers, Appendix IV. 5 Sentence. Note the form of the following sentences: 1. Rose, what is become of thy delicate hue? And where is the violet's beautiful blue? — Byrom. 2. Is there any one who does not need patience? — Cross. Note that the foregoing sentences are used in asking questions. Interroga- 21. A sentence in the form of a question is an interrogative sentence. tive Sentence. Interrogative is from the Latin interrogativus — asking, or questioning. Note the form of the following sentences: 1. Look into thy heart, and write.- Sidney. 2. Spare the poet for his subject's sake. Cowper. - Gay. Note that the preceding sentences are used in commanding, requesting, and entreating. 22. A sentence in the form of a command, reImperative Sentence. quest, or entreaty is an imperative sentence. Imperative is from the Latin imperativus — ordering, or commanding. Note that the following sentences are in form declarative (1), interrogative (2), and imperative (3), but are also used to express feeling or emotion. Such sentences are said to be exclamatory in force. 1. Life hath quicksands, life hath snares! Longfellow. 2. Was ever poet so trusted before! - Gay. 3. Oh, be my friend, and teach me to be thine! 23. Declarative, interrogative, or imperative sen- Exclamatory tences used to express force of emotion are exclam atory sentences. Exclamatory is from the Latin exclamatusa crying out. Sentence. 1. Declarative 2. Interrogative + Force of Emotions = 3. Imperative Exclamatory Declarative. Name the different forms of the following sentences: 1. Schoolhouses are the republican line of fortifications. Oh, when shall it dawn on the night of the grave! Beattie. Young. 5. Why is a wish far dearer than a crown? Thackeray. 8. What is life but the choice of that good which contains the least evil!- Haydon. 9. The early morn has gold in its mouth. Franklin. 10. Do you think a woman's silence can be natural? - Farquhar. 11. Man, know thyself! All wisdom centers there! -Young. 12. A strenuous soul hates cheap successes. -Emerson. 13. Ask me questions concerning to-morrow. - Congreve. 14. Rule by patience, Laughing Water!- Longfellow. 15. How can you make a fool perceive that he is a fool? - Thackeray. Subject. Predicate. 24. The part of the sentence used to represent that of which something is said is the subject. Subject is from the Latin subjectum-subject, or foundation. 25. The part of the sentence used to represent that which is said of the subject is the predicate. Predicate is from the Latin praedicatum telling, or proclaiming. Name the subject and predicate in the following declarative sentences: 1. Childhood has no forebodings. Eliot. 2. Home is the grandest of all institutions. - Spurgeon. 3. To bear is to conquer our fate. — Campbell. 4. The smallest speck is seen on snow. Gay. 5. A loving heart is the truest wisdom. - Dickens. 6. A babe in the house is a wellspring of pleasure. - Tupper. 7. Biography is the only true history. — Carlyle. 8. A perfect pond lily is the most satisfactory of flowers. Hawthorne. 9. The elements of poetry lie in natural objects. Bryant. 10. To fail at all is to fail utterly. — Lowell. 11. The true greatness and the true happiness of a country consist in wisdom. - Giles. Change the following interrogative sentences, as near as may be, to the declarative form or order, and tell the subject and predicate in each sentence : — 1. How many ships did Columbus have on his voyage of discovery ?1 2. Where did the pilgrims first land in America? 3. How much land and how much money did Congress vote La Fayette? 4. When did the first steamship cross the Atlantic Ocean? 5. Who are regarded as the three greatest statesmen of the nineteenth century? 6. Did Cyrus Field lay the first Atlantic cable? 7. Are eight of the United States named from the names of their chief rivers ? 8. Was Elias Howe the inventor of the sewing machine? 9. Did Betsy Ross make the first American flag? 10. Which is the highest monument in America? In imperative sentences the subject is you, ye, or thou, and is generally omitted and has to be supplied. 1 Columbus had how many ships on his voyage of discovery? |