A logical sentence is a sentence regarded as a unit of thought. The parts of a logical sentence are subject and predicate. The subject is the part of a sentence used to denote that about which something is said. The predicate is the part of a sentence used to denote that which is said of the subject. A grammatical sentence is a sentence regarded as a unit of speech. Parts of speech are the parts (words) of grammatical sentences. A noun is the part of speech used as the name of some person or thing. A verb is the part of speech used to state or assert something about some person or thing. A pronoun is the part of speech used as a reference word to represent some person or thing. An adjective is the part of speech used with the noun or pronoun to designate more definitely that which the noun or pronoun is used to represent. An adverb is the part of speech used with the verb to designate more definitely that which the verb is used to express. A preposition is the part of speech used to connect a noun or pronoun to some other part of speech in the sentence, and to indicate a relation between them. A conjunction is the part of speech used to join together sentences, or like parts of the same sen tence. A coördinate conjunction is a conjunction used to join together constructions of equal rank or order. A subordinate conjunction is a conjunction used to join a construction of a lower rank or order to one of a higher rank or order. An infinitive is a verb form used as a noun. A participle is a verb form used as an adjective. An object of a verb is a noun or pronoun used to complete the idea of the action that the verb is used to express. A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object. An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object. A copulative verb is a verb used to connect the subject with some part of speech which, explanatory of the subject, is used to help form the predicate. A predicate noun is a noun used with a verb to help form a predicate. A predicate adjective is an adjective used with a verb to help form a predicate. E. THE INTERJECTION. 58. There are a number of words in the language that do not belong to the sentence as constituent parts of it, hence they cannot be regarded as parts of speech. They are emotional words that are thrown into the sentence, and are used to designate the kind of feeling with which the thought expressed by the sentence is to be regarded. Such words are called interjections. Interjection is from the Latin word interjectio― an insertion. To illustrate: 1. The battleship has gone down. 2. Hurrah! The battleship has gone down. 3. Alas! The battleship has gone down. Note that the same statement is made in each of the foregoing sentences. Note that the additional words in sentences (2) and (3) are used to tell the kind of feeling with which the fact stated is regarded. Name the probable form of feeling expressed in each of the following sentences: 1. See! The cars are coming. 2. Why! The cars are coming. 59. An exclamatory word or expression used to Interjection. designate the kind of feeling with which the thought expressed in the sentence is regarded is called an interjection. II. THE EXPANDED SENTENCE. A. PARTS OF SPEECH DETERMINED BY USE IN SENTENCE. 60. Many words alike in form have different uses in the sentence, hence they are used as different parts of speech. 61. Some words similar in sound are used as different parts of speech and should be carefully noted. Note carefully the words in full-faced type in the following sentences, state the part of speech in each case, and give reason for conclusion: 1. A single vote frequently determines an election. 2. Vote for whatever measure you consider right. 3. A liar is no better than a thief. 4. A conservative is no friend to radical changes. 5. They step into the cars and are gone. 6. One step at a time is all that we can take. 7. Never mind what others do. 8. My mind is my kingdom. 9. The king alone kept his hat on. 11. The fast express has gone by. 14. Your friend lives in the second house above. 15. My nephew occupied the seat above me. 16. The distress signal still floats. 17. He leadeth me beside the still waters. 18. The still was burned to the ground. 19. He gloried in being an American. 20. The rights of an American citizen were denied. 21. He spoke but a word and gave but a nod. 22. The enemy advanced, but soon retreated. 23. No one but himself knew his plans. 24. The ships were riding near the shore. 27. Their spirits flag at the dreary prospect. 28. A nation's flag reveals a nation's hopes. 29. They time their footsteps to the music. 31. Rush grows on the bank of the river. 32. They rush to glory or the grave. 33. The tourists went by water, but came back by rail. 34. A funeral procession has just gone by. 35. The umpire was hit in the small of the back. 36. Small pebbles cause great falls. 37. They clear the decks for action. 38. The room measures fifty feet in the clear. |