Preposition.

53. The part of speech used to connect a noun or pronoun to some other part of speech in the sentence, and to indicate a relation between them, is called a preposition.

Preposition is from the Latin prepositus — placing before, and refers to the early mode of using such words as prefixes of verbs.

Supply appropriate prepositions in blanks of following sentences:

the

Moscow

8. Our American Arbor Day is a day set apart

it nearly two hundred and fifty

St. Mark's

Venice

the

some to be the finest

Note the prepositions in the following sentences, and tell what each one connects:

1. Society is built upon trust. - South.

2. A man in pursuit of greatness feels no little wants.

3. Self-control is only courage under another form.

4. There is no genius in life like the genius of energy and activity. Mitchell.

5. The conduct of men depends upon the temperament, not upon a bunch of dusty maxims.- Beaconsfield.

6. Architecture is a creation of the human intellect adding to the stores of beauty in the world. King.

7. The highest liberty is in harmony with the highest laws. Giles.

8. Echo is the voice of a reflection in a mirror.

9. It is well said, in every sense, that a man's religion is the chief fact with regard to him. Carlyle.

10. Cheerfulness, the character of common hope, is, in strong hope, like glances of sunshine on a cloudy day.

11. He was as a man moving his goods into a far country, who at intervals and by portions sends them before him, till his present abode is well-nigh unfurnished. - Newman.

Note that there are two distinct sentences in each of the following sentences:

1. Opportunity comes, and opportunity goes.
2. Some are careless, or they are indolent.
3. Fear weakens, but courage strengthens.
4. Socrates died because he took poison.

Note that the words, and, or, but, and because, are used to join sentences together.

Note that the words, and, but, and or, in the following sentences are used to join together similar parts of the same sentence.

1. Few are equally gifted in writing and in speaking.
2. Push and pluck will work wonders.

3. Sometimes justice seems blind, or asleep.

4. He has been ailing, but has recovered.

5. Dewey was loyally and enthusiastically received.

Conjunction. 54. The part of speech used to join together sentences or like parts of the same sentence is called a conjunction.

Conjunction is from the Latin conjunctus — joined together.

Note that the conjunctions in full-faced type in the following sentences are used to join together sentences or parts of sentences of equal rank.

1. Art is long and time is fleeting.

Longfellow.

2. Private opinion is weak, but public opinion is almost omnipotent. Beecher.

3. Knowledge advances by steps, and not by leaps.

-Macaulay.

4. Virtue is an angel, but she is a blind one. - Mann. 5. The public have neither shame nor gratitude.

6. Religion is not a dogma, nor an emotion, but a service.

Hitchcock.

Coördinate 55. A conjunction used to join together conConjunction. structions of equal rank is called a coördinate conjunction.

Note that the conjunctions in full-faced type in the following sentences are used to connect the sentences which they introduce to sentences of a higher rank.

1. Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth. Washington.

2. Strike while the iron is hot.

Farquhar.

3. Would you know what money is? go borrow some.

4. Look before you ere you leap. — Butler.

- Herbert.

5. If you would be loved, love and be lovable. - Franklin.

56. A conjunction used to connect a construc- Subordinate tion of a lower rank to one of a higher rank or Conjunction. order is called a subordinate conjunction.

57. A sentence introduced by a subordinate con- Subordinate junction is called a subordinate sentence.

Note that subordinate sentence (5) is used to denote condition. The subordinate part of the conditional sentence is called the condition part (protasis). The part on which the protasis depends is called the conclusion (apodosis).

Note in foregoing sentence (3) that in a conditional sentence when the conditional conjunction is omitted, the subject follows the verb.

Name the conjunctions in the following sentences; state whether coördinate or subordinate, and tell the sentences or parts of sentences that each is used to join together.

· Tennyson.

1. She must weep, or she will die. 2. Letters should be easy and natural. - Chesterfield. 3. Love the offender, yet detest the offense. — Pope. 4. Shakespeare hath neither equal nor second.-Macaulay. 5. Great works are prepared, not by strength, but by perseverance. -Johnson.

6. Give me liberty or give me death. Henry.

7. If misfortune comes, she brings along her bravest virtues.

Thompson.

Sentence.

8. Some must watch while some must sleep. — Shakespeare.

9. We rise in glory as we sink in pride.

Young.

10. Cost is the father, and compensation is the mother of progress. - Holland.

11. Politeness goes far, yet costs nothing. — Smiles.

12. There is something noble in publishing truth, though it condemn oneself. - Johnson.

13. The bluebird is a home bird, and I am never tired of recurring to him. Burroughs.

14. Life is not a holiday, but an education. Drummond. 15. Do not think that years leave us and find us the

16. Jokes are the cayenne of conversation and the salt of life. - Chatfield.

17. Sin has many tools, but a lie is the handle which fits them all. - Holmes.

18. Though punishment be slow, still it comes. - Herbert. 19. Happiness grows at our own fireside, and is not to be picked in strangers' gardens. - Jerrold.

D. SUMMARY OF DEFINITIONS.

A sentence is a group of words used to express a complete thought.

A declarative sentence is that form of sentence which is used in making a statement.

An interrogative sentence is that form of sentence which is used in asking questions.

An imperative sentence is that form of sentence which is used in expressing a command or entreaty.

An exclamatory sentence is any form of sentence that gives expression to feeling or emotion.