I. SUMMARY OF DEFINITIONS.

A verb is a word used to assert something about some person or thing.

An auxiliary verb is a verb that has lost its own meaning and is used to help another verb to express its meaning.

A notional verb is a verb that retains its meaning in expressing an action.

A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object.

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require an object.

An impersonal verb is a verb that has as its subject the word it, not referring to any definite thing.

A copulative verb is a verb used to connect its subject with that which, with the verb, forms the predicate.

Voice is the form of a verb used to designate whether the subject is the agent or the object of the action expressed by the verb.

The active voice is used to designate that the agent of the action is the subject of the verb.

The passive voice is the voice used to designate that the object of the action is the subject of the verb.

Mode is the use or form of the verb that indicates how the action or being expressed by the verb is presented to the mind.

The indicative mode is the mode which indicates that the action expressed by the verb is presented to the mind as a fact.

The subjunctive mode is the mode which indicates that the action expressed by the verb is presented to the mind as a thought.

The imperative mode is the mode which indicates that the action expressed by the verb is presented to the mind as the statement of a command, an entreaty, or a request.

Tense is the form of the verb used to designate the time, or the time and state of action expressed by the verb.

The present tense is the tense used to designate action as taking place in present time.

The past tense is the tense used to designate action as taking place in past time.

The future tense is the tense used to designate action as taking place in future time.

The present perfect tense is the tense used to designate action as completed in present time.

The past perfect tense is the tense used to designate action as completed in past time.

The future perfect tense is the tense used to designate action as completed in future time.

Person is the form or use of the verb that designates whether the action expressed by the verb has reference to a subject in the relation of the first, the second, or the third person.

Number is the form of the verb used to designate whether that expressed by the verb has reference to one or to more than one person or thing.

A verbal is a verb form having the construction of a verb, but used as a noun or as an adjective. An infinitive is the verbal that is used as a

noun.

A simple infinitive is the infinitive form with to or the same verb form without to.

The gerund is the infinitive ending in ing.

A participle is the verbal that is used as an adjective.

Conjugation is the regular arrangement of verb forms and phrases used in the construction of voice, mode, tense, person, and number.

The common form of conjugation is the usual form of the verb used in the expression of the relations of conjugation.

The progressive form of conjugation is the form used to denote the action as continuing or progressing at the time designated by the auxiliary verbs.

The principal parts of a verb are the forms of a verb needed in the building up or the construction of the different parts of the conjugation.

A complete verb is a verb that has one form for each of its principal parts.

A redundant verb is a verb that has more than one form for any of its principal parts.

A defective verb is a verb that has not one form for each of its principal parts.

A strong verb (verb of old conjugation) is a verb that changes a vowel of the present, and does not make any further addition to form the past indicative.

A weak verb (verb of new conjugation) is a verb that adds t, d, or ed to the present to form the past indicative.

A regular verb is a weak verb whose past indicative and past participle are formed by adding d or ed to the present tense.

An irregular verb is a weak verb whose past indicative and past participle are not formed by adding d or ed to the present tense.

OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS.

I. As to kind.

1. Transitive.
2. Intransitive.

II. As to use.

1. Notional.

2. Auxiliary.
3. Copulative.

III. As to modifications.

1. Voice.

1. Active.

2. Passive.

2. Mode.

1. Indicative.
2. Subjunctive.
3. Imperative.

3. Tense.

1. Present.

2. Past.

3. Future.

4. Person.

1. First.
2. Second.

3. Third.

4. Present perfect. 5. Past perfect.

6. Future perfect.

5. Number.

1. Singular.

2. Plural.

IV. As to formation of principal parts.

1. Strong (old conjugation).
2. Weak (new conjugation).