1. A great library contains the diary of the human race. 2. True friends have no solitary joy or sorrow. 3. Wear the old coat and buy the new book. 4. Strong reasons make strong actions. Shakespeare. 5. A gentleman makes no noise. Emerson. Note that the verbs in the following sentences do not require objects to complete the idea of the action which they are used to assert. 1. The imagination never dies. Stedman. 2. Valor consists in the power of self-recovery.—Emerson. 3. Feeling comes before reflection. - Haweis. 36. A verb that does not require an object to Intransitive complete the idea of the action which it is used to assert is called an intransitive verb. Name the transitive and intransitive verbs in the following sentences : 1. Continual dropping wears away stones. Franklin. 2. Beauty lives with kindness. - Shakespeare. 3. The sacred influence of light appears. Milton. -Longfellow. 5. Ancient travelers guessed; modern travelers measure. 6. The man that makes a character makes foes. - Young. Tennyson. Note that the predicate in each of the following sentences consists of a verb and a noun. Verb. Copulative Verb. Note that the noun in the predicate is a word used to explain something about the subject. 1. The dew of compassion is a tear. Byron. 2. Troubles are God's rains in the world. — Beecher. 37. A verb used to unite the subject with a part of speech which, while explanatory of the subject, is used to help form the predicate, is called a copulative verb. Copulative is from the Latin copulativus a coupling or binding together. The more common copulative verbs are be (am, are, is, was, were), look, seem, appear, and become. Predicate 38. A noun used to help form the predicate is called a predicate noun. Noun. Name the copulative verbs and predicate nouns in the following sentences: 1. Words are men's daughters, but God's sons are things. 2. Faith is a higher faculty than reason. -Johnson. Bailey. 3. Be a philosopher; but amidst all your philosophy, be still a man. - Hume. 4. No craven-hearted man was ever fit to be a citizen. 5. Measures, not men, have always been my mark. 6. A book is a garden. A book is an orchard. A book is a storehouse. A book is a party. It is company by the way; it is a counselor; it is a multitude of counselors. 7. The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their eloquence. Macaulay. 8. They become the parasites and slaves of the great. 9. Labor is the law of happiness. - Stevens. Note that the subjects in full-faced type in the following sentences are verbs used as nouns. 39. That form of the verb which is used as a noun is called an infinitive. 40. The infinitive form in the first sentence in each of the foregoing groups may be called the infinitive in ing. 41. The infinitive form in the last sentence in each of the foregoing groups may be called the simple infinitive with to. Name and specify the kind of infinitives in the following sentences: 1. To choose time is to save time. Bacon. 2. Living is dreaming. - Wallace. 3. Nature seems to have been created to inspire. - King. 4. Doing good is the only certainly happy action of a man's life. Sidney. 5. If you mean to profit, learn to praise. Churchill. Infinitive. Name the nouns and verbs in the following sentences, and tell the subject, object, and predicate nouns, and the transitive, intransitive, and copulative verbs and infinitives. 1. Morality is the object of government. - Emerson. 2. Physical prowess has had its day, and the age of reason has come. Grady. 3. Riches take wings, comforts vanish, hope withers away, but love stays with us. Wallace. 4. Talking is like playing on the harp; there is as much in laying the hands on the strings to stop their vibrations, as in twanging them to bring out their music. - Holmes. 5. In the journey of the years, the autumn is Venice, spring is Naples, and the majestic maturity of summer is Rome. Curtis. 6. It is not work that kills men; it is worry. Work is healthy; you can hardly put more upon a man than he can bear. Worry is rust upon the blade. — Beecher. 7. Life passes, riches fly away, popularity is fickle, the senses decay, the world changes, friends die. - Newman. 8. The same energy which whirls the earth around the sun and crashes the heavens with thunderbolts, produces the lilies of the valley and the gentle dewdrops that keep them fair. - Hunt. 9. Do you remember, in that disastrous siege in India, when the little Scotch girl raised her head from the pallet in the hospital, and said to the sickening hearts of the English, "I hear the bagpipes; the Campbells are coming!" and they said, "No, Jessie; it is delirium." And in an hour the pibroch burst upon their glad ears, and the banner of St. George floated over their heads. Curtis. To what persons or things do the words he, she, they, and it refer in the following sentences? 1. He discovered America in 1492 A.D. 2. She was the last queen of Scotland. 3. They crossed the ocean in the Mayflower. 4. They were the two leading parties at the last national election. 5. It was invented by Robert Fulton, and made its first trip on the Hudson River. Note that these words are used to refer to persons or things without naming them. 42. The part of speech that is used as a reference word to represent some person or thing is called a pronoun. A noun and a pronoun may be used to designate the same person or thing; the noun as the name of the person or thing, the pronoun as the reference word, i.e. the word used to refer to the person or thing. Pronoun is from the Latin pro nomine — instead of a noun. Observe the pronouns in full-faced type in the following sentences, and state to what person or thing each pronoun refers. 1. A woman's lot is made for her by the love she accepts. Eliot. 2. We hand folks over to God's mercy, and show none ourselves. - Id. 3. Mercy to him that shows it is the rule. - Dryden. 5. Make all you can, save all you can, give all you can. 6. We sell our birthright whenever we sell our liberty for any price of gold or honor. -- Whipple. Pronoun. |