169. All relative indefinite pronouns excepting whose, whoever, and whosoever may be used with a noun having the force of adjectives.

170. Note from the following typical sentences that the antecedent of an indefinite relative pronoun is not expressed, and that the antecedent implied or embodied in the pronoun does not refer to definite persons or things, but to persons or things in a general or an indefinite way.

1. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. - Chesterfield. 2. Whoso lives for humanity must be content to lose himself. Frothingham.

3.

Whatever day

Makes man a slave, takes half its worth away. - Pope. 4. Whatsoever kind of man he is, you at least give him full authority over your son. Ruskin.

5. Whatsoever is worthy of their love is worthy of their anger. Denham.

171. A relative pronoun has the same gender, number, and person as its antecedent.

172. To parse a relative pronoun is to answer the following questions:

1. What kind of relative pronoun is it?

2. What is its antecedent?

3. For what does the antecedent stand?

4. In what respect does it agree with its antecedent?

5. What is its construction in the sentence?

Parse who in the sentence, "He who gives joy finds joy."

1. Who is a restrictive relative pronoun used instead of that, because the antecedent is a personal pronoun. (See 156, I.)

2. The antecedent is the word he.

3. The antecedent he is used to refer to a person. 4. Who agrees in gender, number, and person with he. 5. Who is the subject nominative of the verb give.

Parse the relative pronouns in the following sen

tences:

1. Goodness is the only investment that never fails.

2. A verse may find him who a sermon flies.

Thoreau.

- Herbert.

3. There are occasions on which all apology is rudeness. Johnson.

4. We have always pretensions to fame which, in our hearts, we know to be disputable. — Id.

5. He only is exempt from failure who makes no effort. -Whately. 6. Admiration is a youthful fancy which scarcely ever

survives to maturer years. — Shaw.

7. And eyes disclosed what eyes alone could tell.

8. Who listens once will listen twice.

-Dwight.

Byron.

9. There is no fireside, howsoe'er defended,

But has one vacant chair. — Longfellow.

10. Whatever makes men good Christians makes them good citizens. Webster.

11. We may learn by practice such things upon earth as shall be of use to us in heaven. - E. H. Chapin.

Parse the personal, indefinite, demonstrative, interrogative, and relative pronouns in the following sen

1. Tell me the tales that to me were so dear. Bailey. 2. Nature designed us to be of good cheer. - Jerrold. 3. A wise man will find us to be rogues by our faces. -Swift. 4. Show me a thoroughly contented man, and I will show you a useless one. — Shakespeare.

5. The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time.

Jefferson.

6. Something is lost in accuracy, but much is gained in effect.

Macaulay.

7. For what is glory but the blaze of fame? Milton. 8. There is nothing like fun, is there? I haven't any myself, but I do like it in others. - Haliburton.

Taylor.

9. The glories of the possible are ours. 10. What is mind? No matter. What is matter? Never mind. What is the soul? It is immaterial.-Hood. 11. It is no merit of mine that he loves me. Eliot. 12. Obedience completes itself in understanding.

- Brooks.

13. Talent is that which is in a man's power. Genius is that in whose power a man is. - Lowell.

14. Who loves not more the night of June

Than cold December's gloomy noon? - Scott.

15. Brutus was Cæsar's friend, and you were mine.

-Longfellow. 16. Life is a succession of lessons, which must be lived

to be understood. - Emerson.

17. There is no vice so simple, but assumes

Some mark of virtue on his outward parts.

-Shakespeare.

18. Take in the ideas of the day; drain off those of yesterday. - Lytton.

19. Nothing can bring you peace but yourself.

- Emerson.

20. They have no other doctor but sun and the fresh air, and that such an one as never sends them to the apothe

21. There is nothing certain in man's life but this, that he must lose it. Meredith.

22. Those are generally good at flattery who are good for nothing else. South.

23. But whoso is heroic will always find crises to try the edge. Emerson.

24. All join to guard what each desires to gain. - Pope. 25. He was the first man of the time in which he grew. - Choate. 26. Friends, if we be honest with ourselves, we shall be honest with each other. - Macdonald.

27. It is what we give up, not what we lay up, that adds to our lasting store. Ballou.

28. Talking over the things which you have read with. your companions fixes them on the mind. Watts.

29. Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves. Barrie.

.

30. To persevere in one's duty, and be silent, is the best answer to calumny. - Washington.

31. I have no other but a woman's reason; I think him so because I think him so. Shakespeare.

32. About everything he wrote there was a certain natural grace and decorum. - Macaulay.

33. There were none of the Grogrians but could sing a song, or of the Marjorams but could tell a story. Goldsmith. 34. I hate the man who builds his name

- Gay.

On ruins of another's fame. 35. Each man is a hero and an oracle to somebody, and to that person whatever he says has an enhanced value.

- Emerson.

36. To Truth's house there is a single door, which is experience. Taylor.

37. We must have an intellectual quality in all property and in all action, or they are naught. - Emerson.

38. Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but all who come in contact with it. - Fields.

39. Our affections are our life. We live by these. They supply our warmth. Channing.

40. A sharp tongue is the only edged tool that grows keener with constant use. Irving.

41. Lepidus flatters both, of both is flattered, but he

neither loves, nor either cares for him.

42. I feel like one who treads alone

Some banquet hall deserted,

Shakespeare.

Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead,

And all but he departed.

Moore.

44. There is no time so miserable but a man may be true.

-Shakespeare.

Summary of

Definitions.

F. SUMMARY OF DEFINITIONS.

A pronoun is a reference word used to represent some person or thing.

An antecedent is a noun or an equivalent to which a pronoun may refer for definiteness of meaning.

Person is that property of pronouns which is used to designate the relation of a person as speaking, spoken to, or spoken about.