zxiii. 2. 6., the inhabitants of the isle KING.-God, the King of kings and oriare the Tyrians. gin of all authority and power. See Matt. xxii. 2. Rev. xvii. 14. LABOURER.--The minister who serves under God in his husbandry.-Matt. ix. 37, 38. The harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few. Pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest.-1 Cor. iii. 9. bourers together with God. LAME.-The Messiah, suffering for the sins of the world.-John i. 29. Behold the lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world.-Rev. v. 12. Worthy is the lamb that was slain. LAMB.

Ye are la

Direction or support.-2 Sam. xxii. 17. That thou quench not the light (Heb. lamp) of Israel.

JERUSALEM (the earthly).--A sign, earnest and pattern of the heavenly Jerusalem.-Rev. iii. 12. Him that overcometh.. I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, [which is] new Jerusalem.-"The numerous prophecies, fortelling great and everlasting glory to Jerusalem, have not been fulfilled in the literal Jerusalem; nor can be so fulfilled, without contradicting other predictions, especially those of our Lord which have denounced its ruin. They remain therefore to be fulfilled in a spiritual sense; in that sense which Saint Paul points out to us, when, in opposition to Jerusa-1. lem that now is, and is in bondage with her children, he presents to our view Jcrusalem which is above, which is the mo-2. A Christian church.-Rev. i. 12. The ther of us all. (Gal. iv. 24-26.) This is seven golden lamps (incorrectly renderthe city which Abraham looked to; a ed candlesticks in our version) are the building not made with hands, whose seven churches of Christ (Rev. ii. 20.), builder and maker is God. (Heb. xi. 10 represented as golden, to shew how -16. xii. 22-24. xiii. 14.), even the precious they are in the sight of God. heavenly Jerusalem." [Dean Wood- LEAVEN.-Corrupt doctrine and corrupt house on Rev. iii. 12.] practices.--Matt. xvi. 6. Luke xii. 1. Mark viii. 15. Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees, which is hypocrisy.-1 Cor. v. 6-8. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump......Let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

JEZEBEL-A woman of great rank and influence at Thyatira, who seduced the Christians to intermix idolatry and heathen impurities with their religion.Rev. ii. 20. I have a few things against thee, because thou hast suffered that woman Jezebel, which calleth herself a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my serpants to commit fornication, and to cat things offered unto idols.--Instead of that woman Jezebel-rηv yvvaika IɛžaßnλLEAVES.-Words, the service of the lips, many excellent manuscripts, and almost as distinguished from the fruits of good all the antient versions, read rηy yuvaiku works.-Psal. i. 3. His leaf also shall του Ιεζαβηλ των wife Jezebel, which not wither. reading asserts that this bad woman was Leopard. the wife of the bishop or angel of that church; whose criminality in suffering her was, therefore, the greater. She called herself a prophetess, that is, set up for a teacher and taught the Christians that fornication and eating things offered to idols, were matters of indifference, and thus they were seduced from the truth. [Dean Woodhouse and Dr. A. Clarke, on Rev. ii. 20.] 1. Immortality.-Psal. xvi. 11. KEYS.-Power, authority.-Rev. i. 18. I wilt shew me the path of life.-Psal. .have the keys of hell and of death; xxxvi. 9. With thee is the fountain of life. that is, power and authority over life, 2. Christ, the fountain of natural, spiritudeath, and the grave. Compare Rev. iii.al, and eternal life.-John i. 4. În him 7. and Isa. xxii. 22.-The keys of the kingdom of heaven, in Matt. xvi. 19., signify the power to admit into that etate, and to confer the graces and benefits thereof. In Luke xi. 52. the key of knowledge is the power or mean of attaining knowledge.

KINE of Bashan. (Amos iv. 1.) The luxurious matrons of Israel. See an illustration of this text, in Vol. II. p. 583.

1. A swift, powerful, and rapacious enemy.
-Dan. vii. 6. I beheld, and lo, another
like a leopard, i. e. Alexander, falsely
named the Great, whose rapid conquests
are well characterised by this symbol.
2. Men of fierce, untractable, and cruel
disposition.-Isa. xi. 6.
The leopard
shall lie down with the kid.
LIFE.

Thou

1

was life.-John xi. 25. I am the resurWhen rection and the life.-Col. iii. 4. Christ, who is our life, shall appear. 3. The doctrine of the Gospel, which points out the way of life.-John vi. 63. The words that I speak unto you, they are life.

See TREE of Life.

LIGHT.-Joy, comfort, and felicity.
Esther viii. 16. The Jews had light and

gladness, and joy and honour.-Psal.
xcvii. 11. Light is sown for the righte-
ous-Psal. cxii. 4. Unto the upright
there ariseth light in the darkness; that
is, in affliction.
LION.

1. An emblem of fortitude and strength.
-Rev. v. 5. The Lion of the tribe of
Judah, means Jesus Christ, who sprang
from this tribe, of which a lion was the
emblem.

2. The lion is seldom taken in an ill
sense, except when his mouth or rapa-
city in view.-Psal. xxii. 13. They
gaped upon me with their mouths as a
ravening and a roaring lion. See also
1 Pet. v. 8.

LOCUSTS. Antichristian corrupters of the
Gospel.-Rev. ix. 3. There came out
of the smoke locusts upon the earth.
Dean Woodhouse refers them to the
Gnostic hereties; but most other com-
mentators to the overwhelming forces
of Mohammed.
MANNA.

1. The bread of life. John vi. 26-50.
2. Hidden manna.—The ineffable joys of
immortality. Rev. ii. 17. To him that
overcometh will I give to eat of the hid-
den manna.
MEAT. See FLESH.
MOON.

1. The Church.-Song of Sol. vi. 10.
Fair as the moon.

2. The Mosaic dispensation.-Rev. iii. 1.
The moon under her feet. See SUN, 3.
MOUNTAIN.

Rev. xxi. 25. There shall be no night
there; that is, there shall be no more
idolatry, no more intellectual darkness,
no more adversity in the new Jerusa
lem; but all shall be peace, joy, happi-
ness and security.
NUMBERS.

Tuo; a few.-Isa. vii. 21. A man sholl
nourish two sheep-1 Kings xvii. 2. I
am gathering two sticks.
Three, or third.-Greatness, excellency,
and perfection.-Isa. xix. 23. In that day
shall Israel be the third with Egypt and
Assyria; that is, as the prophet imme
diately explains, great, admired, beloved,
and blessed.

Four-Universality of the matters com-
prised therein.-Isa. xi. 12. The four
corners of the earth denote all parts of the
earth. Jer. xlix. 6. Upon Elam (or Per-
sia) will I bring the four winds from the
four quarters of the earth; that is, all
the winds. In Ezek. vii. 2. the four cor-
ners of the land, signify all parts of the
land of Judæa.

Seven.-A large and complete, yet uncer-
tain and indefinite number. It is of very
frequent occurrence in the Apocalypse,
where we read of the seren spirits of
God, seven angels, seren thunders,
seven seals, &c. &c. [See Dr. Wood-
house on Rev. i. 4.]

Ten.-Many, as well as that precise num-
ber. In Gen. xxxi. 7. 41. Ten times,
are many times; in Lev. xxvi. 26. ten
women are many women. See also
Dan. i. 20. Amos vi. 9. Zech. viii. 23.

OAKS of BASIAN.-The princes and no-
bles of Israel and Judah-Isa. ii. 13.
The day of the Lord shall be....upon
all the oaks of Bashan.
OLIVE.

1. High mountains and lofty hills denote
kingdoms, republics, states, and cities.--
Isa. ii. 12. 14. The day of the Lord shall
be......upon all the high mountains.
In Zech. iv. 7. and Jer. li. 5. the great
mountain and the destroying mountain
signify the Assyrian Monarchy.
1. The wild olire; Man in a state of nature.
2. Mountain of the Lord's House.-The--Rom. xi. 17. Thou being a wild olive-
kingdom of the Messiah.-Isa. ii. 2. It
shall come to pass, in the last days, that
the mountain of the LORD's House shall
be established upon the top of the moun-
tains, and shall be exalted above the hills,
and all nations shall flow unto it. Sec
Isa. xi. 9. and Dan. ii. 35. 44, 45.
MYSTERY.-The meaning concealed un-
der figurative resemblances.-Rev. i. 20.
The mystery of the seven stars.

tree, wert graffed in amongst them....
2. The celtivated olive; the church of
God.-Rom. xi. 24. If thou wert cut out
of the olive-tree which is wild by nature,
and wert graffed contrary to nature into
a good olive-tree...

PALMS.-Symbols of joy after a victory,
attended with antecedent sufferings.-
Rev. vii. 9. I beheld, and lo, a great
multitude....clothed with white robes,
NAKED-Destitute of the image of God; and palms in their hands.
not clothed with the garment of holiness PARADISE.-The invisible residence of the
and purity.--Rev. iii. 17. And knowest blessed.-Rev. ii. 7. To him that over-
not that thou art wretched, and miser- cometh will I give to eat of the tree of
able, and poor, and blind, and naked. life, which is in the midst of the para-
NAMES-The persons called by them.-dise of God.-Luke xxiii. 43. To-day
Acts i. 15. The number of the NAMES shalt thou be with me in paradise.
were about an hundred and twenty-PASSOVER.-Jesus Christ.-1 Cor. v. 7
Rev. iii. 4. Thou hast a few NAMES even
in Sardis.
Christ our passover is sacrificed for us.
On the spiritual import of this term,
compare Vol. III. pp. 306–310.

NIGHT-Intellectual darkness; adversity.

PHYSICIAN-The Saviour, curing the sins
and sicknesses of the mind.-Matt. ix.
12. They that be whole, need not a phy-
sician; but they that are sick.
PILLAR OF COLUMN.

1. The chief prop of a family, city, or
state.-Gal. ii. 9. James, Cephas, and
John, who seemed to be pillars.

2. Pillar of Iron.-The symbol of great
firmness and duration.—Jer. i. 18. I have
made thee..... an iron pillar.
PLOWING and breaking up the ground.
The preparation of the heart by repen-
tance.-Hos. x. 12. Break up your
fallow-ground. See also Jer. iv. 3.
PorsoN.-Lies, error, and delusion
Psal. cxl. 3. Adders' poison is under
their lips.-Psal. Iviii. 3, 4. They go
astray as soon as they are born, speak
ing lies. Their poison is the like the poi-
son of a serpent.-Psal. xiv. 5. With
their tongues have they deceived; the
poison of asps is under their lips: their
mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.
PRINCE of the power of the air.-Eph. ii.
2. Satan. In this passage the air de-
notes the jurisdiction of fallen spirits.

RAIN (gentle).

1. The divine goodness.-Isa. xxvii. 3.
xliv. 3.

2. Pure and heavenly doctrine.-Deut.
xxxii. 2. especially the word of the Lord.
Isa. lv. 10, 11.

REAPERS. The Angels.-Matt. xiii. 39.
RICHES and TALENTS.-Gifts and graces
from God.-Matt. xxv. 15. To one he
gave five talents, &c. See also Luke
xix. 13. &c.
RIVER.

hand over the river, and shall smite it
in the seren streams, and make [men]
go over dry-shud. See also Isa. xix. 6.
and Zech. x. 11.

3. A clear river is the symbol of the
greatest good.-Psal. xxxvi. 8. They
shall be abundantly satisfied with the
fatness of thy house; and thou shalt
make them drink of the river of thy
pleasures. For with thee is the fountain
of life. Rev. xxii. 1. He shewed me
a clear river of water of life, (that is,
the inexhaustible and abundant happi-
ness of the inhabitanta of the New Jeru-
salem) bright as crystal, proceeding out
of the throne of God and the Lamb. Its
clearness indicates their holiness and
peace; and the brightness of its shining
like crystal, the glorious life of those
who drink of it.
Rock.

1. A defence, or place of refuge.—Isa.
xvii. 10. Thou hast forgotten the God
of thy salvation, and hast not been mind-
ful of the rock of thy strength.—Psal.
xviii. 2. The Lord is my rock.
2. A quarry, figuratively the patriarch or
first father of a nation; who is, as it
were, the quarry whence the men of such
nation must have proceeded.—Isa. li. 1.
Look unto the rock, whence ye are hewn,
that is, to Abraham and Sarah, whose
descendants ye are.
3. An unfruitful hearer.-Luke viii. 6.
Some fell upon a rock, and as soon as it
sprang up, it withered away. See the
interpretation of Christ himself, in verse
13.

4. Rock giving water to the Israelites.
(Exod. xvii. 5. Numb. xx. 10, 11.) Christ,

1 Cor. x. 4. They drank of that spiri
tual rock that followed them, and that
rock was CHRIST.
RoD or WAND.-Power and rule.-Psal.
ci. 9. Thou shalt break them in pieces
with a rod of iron.

1. An overflowing river.-Invasion by
an army-Isa. lix. 19. The enemy shall
come in like a flood.-Jer. xlvi. 7, 8. Who
is this that cometh up as a flood, whose
waters are moved as the rivers? Egypt
riseth up like a flood, and his waters are
moved like the rivers: and he saith, I will
go up, and will cover the earth; I will SALT.-Sound doctrine, such as preserves
destroy the city and the inhabitants the world from corruption.-Matt. v.
thereof. See also Isa. xxxviii. 2. Jer. 13. Ye are the salt of the earth.-Col.
xlviii. 2. Amos ix. 5. Nahum. i. 1,
iv. 6. Let your speech be alway with
2. A river being frequently the barrier or
grace, seasoned with salt.
boundary of a nation or country, the SAND of the sea.-An aggregate body of
drying of it up is a symbol of evil to the innumerable individuals.-Their widows
adjoining land; and signifies that its ene- are increased above the sand of the seas.
mies will make an easy conquest of it-Gen. xxii. 17. I will multiply thy
when they find no water to impede their seed...... as the sand which is upon
progress. Thus, Isaiah, foretelling the the sea shore.
conquest of Cyrus and the destruction of
the Babylonian monarchy, has these
words: That saith to the deep, Be dry;
and I will dry up thy rivers.-Isa. xi. 15.
The LORD shall utterly destroy the
tongue of the Egyptian Sea (that part of
the land of Egypt, which was inclosed
among the mouths of the Nile); and
with his mighty wind shall he shake his

SCORCHING HEAT. See HEAT.
SEA.

The

1. The Gentile world.-Isa. Ix. 5.
abundance of the sea shall be converted.
See also Rev. viii. 8. and Dr. Woodhouse
thereon. [Apocalypse, p. 213.]
2. The great river Euphrates, Nile, &c.-
Isa. xxi. 1. The desert of the sea, means
the country of Babylon, which was

watered by the Euphrates.--Jer. li. 36. I
will dry up her sea, and make her
springs dry: this refers to the stratagem
by which Cyrus diverted the course of
the river and captured Babylon.-Ezek.
xxxii. 2. Thou art as a ichule in the
sea; the prophet is speaking of the
kingdom of Egypt, through which the
Nile flowed.-See WAVES.

3. Sea of glass.--Rev. iv. 6. The blood
of the Redeemer, which alone cleanses
man from sin. It is called a sea, in al-
lusion to the large vessel in the temple,
out of which the priests drew water to
wash themselves, the sacrifices, and the
instruments of which they made use, for
sacriticing. (1 Kings vii. 23.) See also
SAND and WAVES.
SEAL-SEALING.

1. Preservation and security.-Sol. Song
iv. 12. A fountain sealed, is a fountain
carefully preserved from the injuries of
weather and beasts, that its waters may
he preserved good and clean.

2. Secresy and privacy, because men
usually seal up those things which they
design to keep secret. Thus, a book scal-
ed, is one whose contents are secret,
and are not to be disclosed until the re-
moval of the seal. In Isa. xxix. 11. a
vision like unto a book sealed, is a vision
not yet understood.

possessing this mark. (John vi. 27.)
Generally, all who name the name of
Christ and depart from iniquity, are
said to be thus divinely sealed. 2 Tim. ii.
19.) By the seal of the liring God, men-
tioned in Rev. vii. 2., is signified that im-
pression of the Holy Spirit upon the
heart of man, which preserves in it the
principles of pure faith, producing the
fruits of piety and virtue. This is the
seat which marks the real Christian as
the property of the Almighty. In Rev.
vii. 3, 4. the sealed mark is said to be
impressed upon the foreheads of the
servants of God, either because on this
conspicuous part of the person distin-
guishing ornaments were worn by the
Eastern nations; or because slaves an-
tiently were marked upon their fore
heads, as the property of their masters.
[Dean Woodhouse on Rev. vii. 2, 3.]
SEED.-The Word of God.-Luke viii.

11.

SERPENT.-Satan, the enemy of souls.-
Rev. xii. 9. That old serpent, called the
Devil and Satan, which deceiveth the
whole world.-2 Cor. xi. 3. The serpent
beguiled Eve through his subtility.
SEVEN. See NUMBERS.
SHADOW.-Defence, protection. In the
sultry eastern countries this metaphor is
highly expressive of support and protec-
tion.-Numb. xiv. 9. Their defence
(Heb. 3 TsiLam, shadow) is departed
from them. Compare also Psal. xci. 1.
cxxi. 5. Isa. xxx. 2. xlix. ii. and l. 16.
The Arabs and Persians employ the
same word to denote the same thing,
using these expressions:-" May the
SHADOW of thy prosperity be extended."

1. Sheep under a Shepherd.-The people
under a king.-Zech. xiii. 7. Smite the
shepherd, and the sheep shall be scatter-
ed.

3. Completion and perfection, also autho-
rity; because the putting of a seal to
any decree, will, or other instrument in
writing, completes the whole transaction.
-Ezek. xxviii. 12. Thou (the king of
Tyre) sealest up the sum full of wisdom
and perfect in beauty; that is, thou
lookest upon thyself as having arrived
at the highest pitch of wisdom and
“May the SHADOW of thy prosperity
glory. See Neh. ix. 8. Esther viii. 8.
be spread over the heads of thy well-
4. Restraint or hinderance.-Job xxxvii. wishers." CC
May thy protection never
7. He sealeth up the hand of every man; be removed from thy head; may God
that is, the Almighty restrains their extend thy SHADOW eternally." [Dr.
power.—Job ix. 7. Which scaleth up the|_ A. Clarke on Numb. xvi. 9.]
stars; that is, restrains their influences. SHEEP.-SHEPHERD.
5. Propriety in a thing-Antiently, it
was the custom to scal goods purchased;
each person having his peculiar mark,
which ascertained the property to be his
Own. Hence, the seal of God is His
mark, by which he knoweth them that
are His. (2 Tim. ii. 19.) Under the law
of Moses, circumcision is represented to
be the seal which separated the people
of God from the heathen who did not
call upon his name. (Rom. iv. 11.) And
in this sense the sacrament of baptism.
succeeding to circumcision, was called
by the fathers of the church the seal of
God: but in the Gospel, this divine
seal is more accurately described to be
the Holy Spirit of God. They who
have this spirit are marked as his. (2
Cor. i. 22. Eph. i. 13. iv. 20.) Our Lord
Jesus Christ is represented as eminently

2. The disciples of Christ, who is their
SHEPHERD; the church of Christ, con-
sisting of all true believers in Him their
Shepherd.-John x. 11-14. I am the
good shepherd; the good shepherd
giveth his life for the sheep. I......
know my sheep-1 Pet. ii.25. Ye......
are now returned unto the shepherd and
bishop of your souls.
SHIELD.

1. A defence.-Psal. xviii. 2. The LORD
is my buckler, or shield. See Psal.
xxxiii. 16.

2. Faith, by which we are enabled to re-
sist the fiery darts of the wicked.. Eph.
vi. 16.