The Papacy and the Civil Power - Richard Wigginton Thompson - Google ספרים

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tals. They authorize Physical Compulsion and Torture.-Arnold of Bres-

cia burned by Adrian IV. — Alexander III. and Victor IV.—Alexander

III. releases the Subjects of Frederick Barbarossa from their Allegiance.—

His Character.-Submission of Frederick.-The Third Lateran Council.

-Decree authorizing Waldenses and Albigenses to be put to Death. —

The Thirteenth Century.-Innocent III.-His Ambition and Usurpation.

-His Claim of Divine Power. He releases the Subjects of Otho from

their Allegiance. His Bull to put the Vaudois to Death.-The Inquisi-

tion. Boniface VIII.- His Bull Unam Sanctam.-He caused a New

Body of False Decretals to be composed. Opposition of the Gallican

Church.........
..Page 387

The Native Britons.-Their Religion before Augustine.-Gildas and Bede.

-Augustine holds Synod with British Bishops. - His Threats against

Them. Conversion of Ethelfred.- Battle of Carlegeon, and Murder of

Monks of Bangor.-Roman Religion introduced. — The Effects of It.-

Offa murders Ethelbert, and the Pope pardons Him.-He establishes Pe-

ter-pence. He accepts a Code of Canon Laws from Adrian I.-The Na-

tive Britons and the Saxons.-Their Customs and Religion are imparted

to each Other.-Saxon Kings willingly accept the Doctrine of the "Di-

vine Right" to govern from Rome.-The Norman Conquest.—Harold.

William of Normandy. -The Decision of Alexander II. upon his Claim.

-Consecrated Banner and a Hair of St. Peter.-Battle of Hastings.-In-

fluence on England.-Celibacy introduced.-Example of the Legate of

Honorius II.-Innocent III. and King John.-He releases the Subjects

of John from their Allegiance.-Holds all Disobedient Kings to be Traitors

to God.- His Claim of Power and that of Pius IX. the Same.-Church

and State united. - Cardinal Antonelli to Papal Nuncio at Paris. — He

approves the Bull Unigenitus of Clement XI.-His Theory of the Indi-

rect Power.-Its Effect.-A Heretical King forfeits his Kingdom. -The

Pope chooses a King for a Heretical Nation.......
423

The Pope turns England over to France.-Resistance of the Barons.—John

resigns the Crown to the Pope.-Langton.-Charter of Henry I.-Barons

form a League.-Langton supports the Barons.-Magna Charta.—John

swears to obey it.-The Pope releases Him, and annuls the Charter.-

He claims England as a Fief.-Foreign Mercenaries.-Henry III.--Ital-

ian and Foreign Priests.-King promises to observe the Charter. The

Pope again releases Him.-Appeals to Rome.-Peter-pence.-Immuni-

ties of Clergy.-They murder with Impunity.-House of Commons estab-

lished.-Pope again releases the King from his Oath.-Civil War.-The

Barons defeated.—Their Treatment by the King and Pope.-Edward I.

confirms the Charter. - The Pope releases Him. - Edward II. — The

Statutes of Provisors and of Præmunire.-The Lollards.-Law for burning

Heretics.-William Sawtre and Thomas Badby burned.-Lollards attack-

ed.-Clergy exempt from Punishment in Secular Courts.-Their Corrup-

tion and that of the Popes.-Urban V. and Gregory XI.—Popes and Anti-

popes.-Scandalous and Disgraceful Conduct. - Gregory XII. Pope at

Rome, and Benedict XIII. at Avignon. -Both declared Infamous by the

Council of Pisa. - Alexander V.-John XXIII. deposed for Enormous

Crimes by Council of Constance. Martin V.-Influence upon the

Church.-Corruption almost Universal.-The Fruits of the False De-

Religious Persecution antedates Protestantism.-Lucius III. and Innocent

III. persecute the Waldenses and Albigenses.-The Fourth Lateran Coun-

cil.—The Third Canon provides for extirpating Heretics, and taking away

their Country.-Law of the Church.-Acted upon in the Fifteenth Centu-

ry by Innocent VIII.-The Practice of Innocent III. under it.-Persecu-

tion made a Religious Duty.-Reformation in Germany.-Luther and the

Pope.-Henry VIII. and the Pope quarrel about Supremacy, not Faith.—

Protestants do not assist Him.-The Pope releases his Subjects from their

Allegiance.—Their Adherents persecute each Other.-More and Fisher.

-Henry VIII. always a Roman Catholic in Faith.-He persecutes Re-

formers and Papists.-Edward VI. the first Protestant King. He does

not persecute Papists.-Gives the Crown to Lady Jane Grey.-Mary, the

Rightful Heir, proclaimed Queen. Her Promise to the Reformers that

they should not be disturbed in their Religion.-She refuses to be bound

by her Promise.-The Teachings of Rome.-Mary's Measures all Papal.—

Her Persecution of Protestants.-Her Marriage to Philip of Spain.—The

Result of the League between Pope Paul III. and Charles V.-Cardinal

Pole.-Dictates Policy of the English Government.-Persecutions con-

tinue.-Hooper, Latimer, and Ridley.-Elizabeth.-She persecutes both

Papists and Protestants. Is educated in the School of Rome. - Only

seeks to substitute Imperial Protestantism for Imperial Romanism.... 483

Coercive Power of the Church.-Parties and Factions.—Quarrel between

Rome and Avignon. - Philip of France and Boniface VIII. — Power

claimed by his Bull Unam Sanctam. - Promise of Clement V. to Con-

demn Boniface VIII.-John XXII. and Nicholas V.-Benedict XII.

Corruption of the Fourteenth Century.-The Beginning of the Fifteenth

Century. Three Councils called by Gregory XII., Benedict XIII., and

the Cardinals.-Council of Pisa.- It condemns both Popes, and deposes

Alexander V. elected. He confirms all the Decrees of the

Council.-Three Popes.-Balthasar Costa becomes Pope, as John XXIII.

-Council of Constance.-Tries and Condemns Gregory XII., Benedict

XIII., and John XXIII. The Latter found Guilty of Enormous and

Scandalous Crimes.-He is deposed, and the Doctrine of the Pope's In-

fallibility condemned. Difficulty in maintaining the Succession of the

Council.-John Huss and Jerome.-Their Trial and Death.-Effect in

Bohemia.-Martin V.-His Policy.-Violation of his Promise to Alphon-

so. His Bull against the King of Arragon.-His Letter to his Legate.-

Becomes sole Pope.-His Letter to the King of Poland for exterminating

the Hussites. His Death.-Effects of his Reign.....................Page 523

Adrian IV., and the Grant of Ireland to England.-Ireland brought within

Jurisdiction of Rome in the Twelfth Century.-Enlargement of the Papal

Power. Secular Power administered by Commission from the Pope.-

Gregory VII. and Innocent III.-The Fourth Lateran Council establish-

es the Faith that Institutions prejudicial to the Church should not be ob-

served.-Papal Doctrine in Regard to Oaths.-Urban VI., Eugenius IV.,

and Innocent III. — Nature of the Oath exacted by Innocent III. from

King John.-Subjects all Governments to the Pope.—Effect in the United

States. Constitutional Oath of Allegiance.-Its Obligation.-The Papal

Theory on that Subject.-Oaths opposed to the Welfare of the Church not

binding.-Unlawful Oaths not binding.-What are Lawful, and what are

Unlawful.-The Papal Principle applied to the Government of the United

States. The Papal Argument by Balmes. -Resistance to Civil Power

usurped. When it is usurped.—When Legal, and when Illegal.-Govern-

ments de jure and de facto.-Obedience to the Last not Obligatory.-May

be recognized from Prudential Motives.-Government of the United States

is de facto.-The Monarchies of Europe, when Obedient to the Pope, are

de jure. The Doctrine of Consummated Facts denied.-Illegitimate Au-

thority can not become Legitimate by Time. - Rendering to Cæsar the

Things that are Cæsar's only requires Obedience to Legitimate Govern-

ments. Legitimate Governments are only such as are based on the Law

of God. That of the United States is not Legitimate.....

The Rights of the Papacy not lost by Revolution.-No Legitimate Right

acquired by it.-Revolutions always Iniquitous.-Christopher Columbus.

-He takes Possession of the New World in the Name of the Church of

Rome. He thereby expands its Domain.—The Popes claim Jurisdic-

tion in Consequence.-Illegitimate Power obtained by Revolution can not

destroy this Right of Jurisdiction.-Exercise of the Power in England by

Alexander II., and in Germany by Gregory VII.-Defense of Gregory

VII.-Direct and Indirect Power.-Doctrine asserted by Peter Dens.—

Bellarmine the Author of the Theory of Indirect Power.-Doctrine of St.

Thomas.-That of Cardinal D'Ostia.-Infidels can have no Just Title to

Governments.-The Pope may dispose of Them.-Gregory III., Stephen

II., and Leo III. all justified.—Also Gregory VII., Innocent III., Adrian

IV., and Boniface VIII.-The Late Lateran Council makes them all In-

fallible. They claim the Direct Power. - The Doctrine of Indirect

Power an After-thought in Answer to the Objection of Protestants.-The

Papal Jurisdiction in America the Same under Either.-Alexander VI.

divides America between Spain and Portugal.-Resumption of this Au-

thority defended by Jesuits.-Obedience to Governments de facto not en-

joined by the Church of Rome.-Effect of this Doctrine upon the Oath

of Allegiance.-Doctrine of "Mental Restrictions," and "Ambiguity and

Equivocation" in Oaths.-Jesuit Teachings on this Subject.-The Object

of the Second Council of Baltimore to introduce the Canon Law.-What

it is.-Its Effect if introduced in the United States.-Punishment of Her-

etics.-Extirpation of Infidelity.-Heretics rightfully punished with Death.

-All Baptized Protestants are Subjects of the Pope.-May all be right-

fully punished for Disobedience.........
....Page 589

Infallibility formerly in General Councils and the Popes conjointly.-Efforts

made to prove this in England and the United States.-Books published

on the Subject in both Countries. - Extracts from Several of Them.—

Doctrine of French Christians on that Subject.-They deny the Infallibili-

ty of the Pope.-Proceedings in England to obtain Catholic Emancipa-

tion. The Doctrine denied both in England and Ireland. The Pope's

Infallibility a New Doctrine.-Denied in the Catechism.-Distinction be-

tween the Church and the Papacy.-Infallibility in the Church during the

Early Times.-The Greeks never admitted the Infallibility of the Pope.—

The First Seven Councils mainly Greek.-They concede Primacy of Hon-

or, not Jurisdiction, to the Pope.-The Council of Nice.-The First Coun-

cil of Constantinople.-The Council of Ephesus.-The Council of Chalce-

don. -The Second Council of Constantinople. -The Third Council of

Constantinople.-The Second Council of Nice.-The Fourth Council of

Constantinople. Subsequent Councils held by the Latins. — The First

Lateran Council.The Second Lateran Council.-The Third Lateran

Council.-The Introduction of Papal Constitutions.-Adding them to De-

crees of Councils.-More Effort to make Law for the Church by the Force

of Precedent. The Fourth Lateran Council.— Blindly obedient to Inno-

cent III.-The Primacy of the Church, not of the Pope, established.—

Constitutions of Heretical Princes not Binding.-Part of the Canon Law.

-The First Council of Lyons. - The Second Council of Lyons.—The

Council of Vienne. —None of these Councils declare the Pope Infalli-

The Condition of the Church at the Time of the Councils of Basel and Flor-

ence. Council at Pavia fixed by that of Florence.-Approved by Martin

V.-Transferred to Basel.-Meets there, and is presided over by Legate of

Engenius IV. It is Ecumenical.-Agrees with that of Constance about

its Power over the Pope. — Eugenius IV. endeavors to defeat It. — His

Proceedings against It. — Organizes a Factious Assembly at Ferrara. —

Proceedings of the Council against Him.-He pretends to yield, and ap-

proves its Decrees.-He violates his Pledge. He draws the Greeks to

Florence, and calls the Meeting there a Council. It is not Ecumen-

ical; the Council at Basel is at first, when its Decree against the Pope's

Infallibility is passed. It represents a Majority of Christians. - The

Council at Florence is mainly Italian.-The Pope's Agreement with the

Greeks about his Primacy.-Limited by Decrees of Councils and Canons

of the Church.-The Greeks reject the Agreement, and it falls.—This is

called a Decree.-Its Terms.-Misrepresentation of Them.-Do not make

the Pope Infallible.-Give him the Primacy conferred by Decrees and

Canons.-Primacy of Honor, not Jurisdiction.-The Fifteenth Century, aft-

er the Council of Florence.-The French Church.-Charles VII.-Coun-

cil at Bourges.-Pragmatic Sanction.-Opposition of the Popes to it.-

Revoked by Louis XI. Parliament resisted. - Council of Pisa. - The

Fifth Lateran Council in Opposition to it.-The Former renews the De-

crees of Constance and Basel.-The Latter factious at Beginning.—Aft-

erward assents to.-Concordat of Bologna agreed to by Francis I. and

Pope Julius II.-Rejected by France.-French Bishops do not attend the

Council. It is not Ecumenical.-No Deliberation in it.-Submissive to

Leo X.-Council of Trent.-Does not assert the Pope's Infallibility.-

Does not deny the Validity of the Decree of Council of Constance.-

Concedes merely Power of Pope to interpret the Canons, not to set them

aside.-Pius IV. does this only in his Profession of Faith.........Page 645

The Laity and the Church.—They once aid in Election of Popes.—Greg-

ory VII. takes away this Power, and vests it in the College of Cardinals.

-His Object is Universal Dominion.-The Papacy necessarily Intoler-

ant. Never satisfied with Freedom of Conscience.-Condemned in Sylla-

bus of Pius IX.-Denounced when introduced in Austria.-He excom-

municates, all Heretics.-Magna Charta.-Religious Toleration in Mary-

land.-The Colony Part of Virginia.-English Supremacy established by

Law in Virginia.-The Law extended over Maryland.-Lord Baltimore

in Virginia. He can not take the Oath as a Roman Catholic.--Obtains

Grant from Charles I.-It provides for Religious Toleration in the New

Colony. This is a Necessity to Lord Baltimore. He can not settle a

Roman Catholic Colony without it.-Charles I. favors the Papists.-Ro-

man Catholic Emigrants to Maryland.-Make War on Virginians found

there. They suppress the Protestants.-Efforts to establish the Royal

Authority of Lord Baltimore.-Oath of Allegiance to him.-Offices filled

by Roman Catholics.-All Writs run in his Name.-Those who refuse

Fidelity to him forfeit their Property.-Their Lands to be seized.-Col-

onists under Control of Jesuit Priests.-Their Claim of Church Immuni-

ties.-Opposition to English Law.-Jesuits never in Favor of Religious Tol-

eration. The Condition of the Papacy at that Time.-Completely allied

with the Jesuits.-Gregory XV.-His Persecutions.-His Influence over

Louis XIII. of France.-Urban VIII.-Terrible Persecutions under his

Reign.-Cardinal Richelieu and Olivarez.-Persecution of Galileo.—Bank

Debt collected by Bull of the Pope. -All the Teachings of the Church op-

posed to Religious Toleration.-The Legislation in Maryland is only in

Obedience to the Charter.-May have had the Assent of Laymen, but

not of the Priests or the Church.-Could not have the Assent of Pope

Pius IX. now....
669

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