The Papacy and the Civil Power - Richard Wigginton Thompson - Google ספרים

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tals. They authorize Physical Compulsion and Torture.-Arnold of Bres-

cia burned by Adrian IV. - Alexander III. and Victor IV.-Alexander

III. releases the Subjects of Frederick Barbarossa from their Allegiance. -

His Character.-Submission of Frederick.-The Third Lateran Council.

-Decree authorizing Waldenses and Albigenses to be put to Death. —

The Thirteenth Century.-Innocent III.-His Ambition and Usurpation.

-His Claim of Divine Power. He releases the Subjects of Otho from

their Allegiance. - His Bull to put the Vaudois to Death.-The Inquisi-

tion. Boniface VIII.- His Bull Unam Sanctam.- He caused a New

Body of False Decretals to be composed. Opposition of the Gallican

Church....
.Page 387

The Native Britons.-Their Religion before Augustine.-Gildas and Bede.

-Augustine holds Synod with British Bishops. - His Threats against

Them. Conversion of Ethelfred.- Battle of Carlegeon, and Murder of

Monks of Bangor.-Roman Religion introduced. The Effects of It.-

Offa murders Ethelbert, and the Pope pardons Him.-He establishes Pe-

ter-pence. He accepts a Code of Canon Laws from Adrian I.-The Na-

tive Britons and the Saxons.-Their Customs and Religion are imparted

to each Other.-Saxon Kings willingly accept the Doctrine of the "Di-

vine Right" to govern from Rome.-The Norman Conquest.-Harold.—

William of Normandy.-The Decision of Alexander II. upon his Claim.

-Consecrated Banner and a Hair of St. Peter.-Battle of Hastings.—In-

fluence on England.—Celibacy introduced.-Example of the Legate of

Honorius II.-Innocent III. and King John.-He releases the Subjects

of John from their Allegiance.-Holds all Disobedient Kings to be Traitors

to God.- His Claim of Power and that of Pius IX. the Same.-Church

and State united. —Cardinal Antonelli to Papal Nuncio at Paris. — He

approves the Bull Unigenitus of Clement XI.-His Theory of the Indi-

rect Power.-Its Effect.-A Heretical King forfeits his Kingdom. -The

Pope chooses a King for a Heretical Nation.........
423

The Pope turns England over to France.-Resistance of the Barons.—John

resigns the Crown to the Pope.-Langton.-Charter of Henry I.-Barons

form a League.-Langton supports the Barons.-Magna Charta. —John

swears to obey it.-The Pope releases Him, and annuls the Charter.-

He claims England as a Fief.-Foreign Mercenaries.-Henry III.--Ital-

ian and Foreign Priests.-King promises to observe the Charter. - The

Pope again releases Him.-Appeals to Rome.-Peter-pence.-Immuni-

ties of Clergy. They murder with Impunity.-House of Commons estab-

lished.-Pope again releases the King from his Oath.-Civil War.-The

Barons defeated.-Their Treatment by the King and Pope.-Edward I.

confirms the Charter. — The Pope releases Him. — Edward II. — The

Statutes of Provisors and of Præmunire.-The Lollards.-Law for burning

Heretics.-William Sawtre and Thomas Badby burned.-Lollards attack-

ed.—Clergy exempt from Punishment in Secular Courts.-Their Corrup-

lican

ollards attack-

tion and that of the Popes.-Urban V. and Gregory XI.-Popes and Anti-

popes.-Scandalous and Disgraceful Conduct.-Gregory XII. Pope at

Rome, and Benedict XIII. at Avignon.-Both declared Infamous by the

Council of Pisa. - Alexander V.-John XXIII. deposed for Enormous

Crimes by Council of Constance. - Martin V. -Influence upon the

Church.-Corruption almost Universal.-The Fruits of the False De-

cretals..........

.......... Page 455

Religious Persecution antedates Protestantism.-Lucius III. and Innocent

III. persecute the Waldenses and Albigenses.-The Fourth Lateran Coun-

cil.-The Third Canon provides for extirpating Heretics, and taking away

their Country.-Law of the Church.-Acted upon in the Fifteenth Centu-

ry by Innocent VIII.-The Practice of Innocent III. under it.-Persecu-

tion made a Religious Duty.-Reformation in Germany.-Luther and the

Pope.-Henry VIII. and the Pope quarrel about Supremacy, not Faith.-

Protestants do not assist Him.-The Pope releases his Subjects from their

Allegiance. Their Adherents persecute each Other.-More and Fisher.

-Henry VIII. always a Roman Catholic in Faith.-He persecutes Re-

formers and Papists.-Edward VI. the first Protestant King. - He does

not persecute Papists.-Gives the Crown to Lady Jane Grey.-Mary, the

Rightful Heir, proclaimed Queen. - Her Promise to the Reformers that

they should not be disturbed in their Religion.-She refuses to be bound

by her Promise.-The Teachings of Rome.-Mary's Measures all Papal.-

Her Persecution of Protestants.-Her Marriage to Philip of Spain. -The

Result of the League between Pope Paul III. and Charles V.-Cardinal

Pole.-Dictates Policy of the English Government.-Persecutions con-

tinue.-Hooper, Latimer, and Ridley.-Elizabeth.-She persecutes both

Papists and Protestants. - Is educated in the School of Rome. - Only

seeks to substitute Imperial Protestantism for Imperial Romanism.... 483

Coercive Power of the Church.-Parties and Factions.-Quarrel between

Rome and Avignon. -Philip of France and Boniface VIII. - Power

claimed by his Bull Unam Sanctam. - Promise of Clement V. to Con-

demn Boniface VIII.-John XXII. and Nicholas V.-Benedict XII.-

Corruption of the Fourteenth Century.-The Beginning of the Fifteenth

Century. Three Councils called by Gregory XII., Benedict XIII., and

the Cardinals.-Council of Pisa. It condemns both Popes, and deposes

Them. Alexander V. elected. He confirms all the Decrees of the

Council.-Three Popes.-Balthasar Costa becomes Pope, as John XXIII.

-Council of Constance.-Tries and Condemns Gregory XII., Benedict

XIII., and John XXIII. The Latter found Guilty of Enormous and

Scandalous Crimes.-He is deposed, and the Doctrine of the Pope's In-

fallibility condemned. Difficulty in maintaining the Succession of the

Popes.-May be two Infallible Popes at same Time.-Corruption in the

Council.-John Huss and Jerome.-Their Trial and Death.-Effect in

Bohemia.-Martin V.-His Policy.-Violation of his Promise to Alphon-

so. His Bull against the King of Arragon.-His Letter to his Legate.-

Becomes sole Pope.-His Letter to the King of Poland for exterminating

the Hussites. His Death.-Effects of his Reign..............

Adrian IV., and the Grant of Ireland to England.—Ireland brought within

Jurisdiction of Rome in the Twelfth Century.—Enlargement of the Papal

Power. Secular Power administered by Commission from the Pope.-

Gregory VII. and Innocent III.-The Fourth Lateran Council establish-

es the Faith that Institutions prejudicial to the Church should not be ob-

served.-Papal Doctrine in Regard to Oaths.-Urban VI., Eugenius IV.,

and Innocent III. —Nature of the Oath exacted by Innocent III. from

King John. Subjects all Governments to the Pope.-Effect in the United

States. Constitutional Oath of Allegiance.-Its Obligation.-The Papal

Theory on that Subject.-Oaths opposed to the Welfare of the Church not

binding.-Unlawful Oaths not binding.-What are Lawful, and what are

Unlawful. The Papal Principle applied to the Government of the United

States. The Papal Argument by Balmes.-Resistance to Civil Power

usurped.-When it is usurped.-When Legal, and when Illegal.-Govern-

ments de jure and de facto.-Obedience to the Last not Obligatory.-May

be recognized from Prudential Motives.-Government of the United States

is de facto.-The Monarchies of Europe, when Obedient to the Pope, are

de jure. The Doctrine of Consummated Facts denied.-Illegitimate Au-

thority can not become Legitimate by Time. Rendering to Cæsar the

Things that are Cæsar's only requires Obedience to Legitimate Govern-

ments. Legitimate Governments are only such as are based on the Law

of God.-That of the United States is not Legitimate.

The Rights of the Papacy not lost by Revolution.-No Legitimate Right

acquired by it.-Revolutions always Iniquitous.-Christopher Columbus.

-He takes Possession of the New World in the Name of the Church of

Rome. He thereby expands its Domain. The Popes claim Jurisdic-

tion in Consequence.-Illegitimate Power obtained by Revolution can not

destroy this Right of Jurisdiction.-Exercise of the Power in England by

Alexander II., and in Germany by Gregory VII.-Defense of Gregory

VII. Direct and Indirect Power.-Doctrine asserted by Peter Dens.-

Bellarmine the Author of the Theory of Indirect Power.-Doctrine of St.

Thomas.-That of Cardinal D'Ostia.-Infidels can have no Just Title to

Governments.-The Pope may dispose of Them.-Gregory III., Stephen

II., and Leo III. all justified.—Also Gregory VII., Innocent III., Adrian

IV., and Boniface VIII.-The Late Lateran Council makes them all In-

fallible. They claim the Direct Power. - The Doctrine of Indirect

Power an After-thought in Answer to the Objection of Protestants.-The

Papal Jurisdiction in America the Same under Either.-Alexander VI.

divides America between Spain and Portugal.-Resumption of this Au-

thority defended by Jesuits.-Obedience to Governments de facto not en-

joined by the Church of Rome.-Effect of this Doctrine upon the Oath

of Allegiance.-Doctrine of "Mental Restrictions," and "Ambiguity and

Equivocation" in Oaths.-Jesuit Teachings on this Subject.-The Object

of the Second Council of Baltimore to introduce the Canon Law.-What

it is.-Its Effect if introduced in the United States.-Punishment of Her-

etics.—Extirpation of Infidelity.-Heretics rightfully punished with Death.

-All Baptized Protestants are Subjects of the Pope.-May all be right-

fully punished for Disobedience........

Infallibility formerly in General Councils and the Popes conjointly.-Efforts

made to prove this in England and the United States.-Books published

on the Subject in both Countries. -Extracts from Several of Them.—

Doctrine of French Christians on that Subject.—They deny the Infallibili-

ty of the Pope.-Proceedings in England to obtain Catholic Emancipa-

tion.-The Doctrine denied both in England and Ireland. —The Pope's

Infallibility a New Doctrine.-Denied in the Catechism.-Distinction be-

tween the Church and the Papacy.-Infallibility in the Church during the

Early Times.-The Greeks never admitted the Infallibility of the Pope.-

The First Seven Councils mainly Greek.—They concede Primacy of Hon-

or, not Jurisdiction, to the Pope.-The Council of Nice. -The First Coun-

cil of Constantinople.—The Council of Ephesus.-The Council of Chalce-

don. -The Second Council of Constantinople. -The Third Council of

Constantinople. The Second Council of Nice.-The Fourth Council of

Constantinople. Subsequent Councils held by the Latins. — The First

Lateran Council.-The Second Lateran Council.-The Third Lateran

Council. The Introduction of Papal Constitutions.-Adding them to De-

crees of Councils.-More Effort to make Law for the Church by the Force

of Precedent. The Fourth Lateran Council.-Blindly obedient to Inno-

cent III.-The Primacy of the Church, not of the Pope, established.—

Constitutions of Heretical Princes not Binding.-Part of the Canon Law.

-The First Council of Lyons. - The Second Council of Lyons. — The

Council of Vienne. None of these Councils declare the Pope Infalli-

ble.............

The Condition of the Church at the Time of the Councils of Basel and Flor-

ence.-Council at Pavia fixed by that of Florence.-Approved by Martin

V-Transferred to Basel.-Meets there, and is presided over by Legate of

Eugenius IV. It is Ecumenical.-Agrees with that of Constance about

its Power over the Pope. — Eugenius IV. endeavors to defeat It. His

Proceedings against It. Organizes a Factious Assembly at Ferrara.—

Proceedings of the Council against Him.-He pretends to yield, and ap-

proves its Decrees.-He violates his Pledge.-He draws the Greeks to

Florence, and calls the Meeting there a Council. It is not Ecumen-

ical; the Council at Basel is at first, when its Decree against the Pope's

Infallibility is passed. It represents a Majority of Christians. The .

Council at Florence is mainly Italian.-The Pope's Agreement with the
Greeks about his Primacy.-Limited by Decrees of Councils and Canons

of the Church.-The Greeks reject the Agreement, and it falls.-This is

called a Decree.-Its Terms.-Misrepresentation of Them.-Do not make

the Pope Infallible. - Give him the Primacy conferred by Decrees and

Canons. Primacy of Honor, not Jurisdiction.-The Fifteenth Century, aft-

er the Council of Florence.-The French Church.-Charles VII.-Coun-

cil at Bourges.-Pragmatic Sanction.-Opposition of the Popes to it.-

Revoked by Louis XI. - Parliament resisted. - Council of Pisa. — The

Fifth Lateran Council in Opposition to it.-The Former renews the De-

crees of Constance and Basel.-The Latter factious at Beginning.—Aft-

erward assents to.-Concordat of Bologna agreed to by Francis I. and

Pope Julius II.-Rejected by France.-French Bishops do not attend the

Council. It is not Ecumenical.-No Deliberation in it.-Submissive to

Leo X.-Council of Trent.-Does not assert the Pope's Infallibility.-

Does not deny the Validity of the Decree of Council of Constance.—

Concedes merely Power of Pope to interpret the Canons, not to set them

aside.-Pius IV. does this only in his Profession of Faith......... Page 645

The Laity and the Church.-They once aid in Election of Popes.-Greg-

ory VII. takes away this Power, and vests it in the College of Cardinals.

-His Object is Universal Dominion.-The Papacy necessarily Intoler-

ant.-Never satisfied with Freedom of Conscience.-Condemned in Sylla-

bus of Pius IX.-Denounced when introduced in Austria.-He excom-

municates, all Heretics.-Magna Charta.-Religious Toleration in Mary-

land.-The Colony Part of Virginia.-English Supremacy established by

Law in Virginia.-The Law extended over Maryland.-Lord Baltimore

in Virginia. He can not take the Oath as a Roman Catholic.--Obtains

Grant from Charles I.-It provides for Religious Toleration in the New

Colony. This is a Necessity to Lord Baltimore. He can not settle a

Roman Catholic Colony without it.-Charles I. favors the Papists.-Ro-

man Catholic Emigrants to Maryland.-Make War on Virginians found

there. They suppress the Protestants.-Efforts to establish the Royal

Authority of Lord Baltimore.-Oath of Allegiance to him.-Offices filled

by Roman Catholics.-All Writs run in his Name.-Those who refuse

Fidelity to him forfeit their Property.—Their Lands to be seized.-Col-

onists under Control of Jesuit Priests.-Their Claim of Church Immuni-

ties. Opposition to English Law.-Jesuits never in Favor of Religious Tol-

eration. The Condition of the Papacy at that Time.-Completely allied

with the Jesuits.-Gregory XV.-His Persecutions.-His Influence over

Louis XIII. of France.-Urban VIII.-Terrible Persecutions under his

Reign.-Cardinal Richelieu and Olivarez.-Persecution of Galileo.-Bank

Debt collected by Bull of the Pope. -All the Teachings of the Church op-

posed to Religious Toleration.-The Legislation in Maryland is only in

Obedience to the Charter.-May have had the Assent of Laymen, but

not of the Priests or the Church.-Could not have the Assent of Pope

Pius IX. now.................
669

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