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earth; and that this worship may ||which end, when it was answered, be performed with the greatest this extraordinary dispensation harmony, and to mutual edifica-ceased; in like manner it is probation, all the saints shall, by the ble that hereafter the diversity of immediate power and providence languages shall cease."

of God, be able to understand "I am sensible," says Dr. Ridgand make use of every one of ley, "there are some who object those different languages, as well to this, that the saints' understandas their own. This they found on ing all languages will be an addithe apostle's words, in which he tion to their honour, glory, and says, That at the name of Jesus happiness. But to this it may be every knee should bow, and that answered, that though it is, inevery tongue should confess that deed, an accomplishment, in this Jesus Christ is Lord; which they world, for a person to understand suppose has a respect to the hea-several languages, that arises from venly state, because it is said to the subserviency thereof to those be done both by those that are in valuable ends that are answered heaven, and those that are on earth, thereby; but this would be entire Phil. ii, 10, 11. But though the ly removed, if the diversity of lanapostle speaks by a metonymy of guages be taken away in heaven, as different tongues, that is, persons some suppose it will.”

who speak different languages "There are some, who, it may being subject to Christ, he proba-be, give too much scope to a vain bly means thereby persons of dif- curiosity, when they pretend to ferent nations, whether they shall inquire what this language shall praise him in their own language be, or determine, as the Jews do, in heaven or no. Therefore and with them some of the fathers, some conjecture that the diversity that it shall be Hebrew, since their of languages shall then cease, in-arguments for it are not sufficiently asmuch as it took its first rise from conclusive, which are principally God's judicial hand, when he these, viz. That this was the lanconfounded the speech of those guage with which God inspired who presumptuously attempted to man at first in paradise, and that build the city and tower of Babel; which the saints and patriarchs and this has been ever since at-spake, and the church generally tended with many inconveniences. made use of in all ages till our And, indeed, the apostle seems ex-Saviour's time; and that it was pressly to intimate as much, when this language which he himself he says, speaking concerning the spake while here on earth; and heavenly state, that tongues shall since his ascension into heaven, cease, 1st Cor. xiii, 8. that is, the he spake unto Paul in the Hebrew present variety of languages.-tongue, Acts xxvi, 14. And when Moreover, since the gift of tongues the inhabitants of heaven are dewas bestowed on the apostles for scribed in the Revelations as praisthe gathering and building up the ing God, there is one word used church in the first age thereof, by which their praise is expressed,

namely, Hallelujah, which is He-and useless conjectures respecting brew; the meaning whereof is, the place of the damned; the anPraise ye the Lord. But all these cients generally supposed it was a arguments are not sufficiently con- region of fire near the centre of vincing; and therefore we must the earth. Mr. Swinden endeareckon it no more than a conjec-voured to prove that it is seated ture." in the sun. Mr. Whiston advanc

However undecided we may be ed a new and strange hypothesis; as to this and some other circum-according to him, the comets are stances, this we may be assured of, so many hells, appointed in their that the happiness of heaven will be orbits alternately to carry the eternal. Whether it will be pro-damned to the confines of the sun, gressive or not, and that the saints there to be scorched by its violent shall always be increasing in their heat; and then to return with knowledge, joy, &c. is not so them beyond the orb of Saturn, clear. Some suppose that this in-there to starve them in those cold dicates an imperfection in the fe- and dismal regions. But, as Dr. licity of the saints for any addi-Doddridge observes, we must here tion to be made; but others think confess our ignorance; and shall it quite analogous to the dealings be much better employed in studyof God with us here; and that, ing how we may avoid this place from the nature of the mind it-of horror, than in labouring to disself, it may be concluded. But cover where it is. however this be, it is certain that of the nature of this punishment our happiness will be complete, we may form some idea from the 1st Pet. v, 10. 1st Pet. v, 4. Heb. expressions made use of in scripxi, 10. Watts's Death and Heature. It is called a place of torven; Gill's Body of Divinity, vol.ment, Luke xvi, 28. the bottomii, p. 495; Saurin's Ser. vol. iii, p. less pit, Rev. xx, 3 to 6. a prison, 321; Toplady's Works, vol. iii, p. 1st Pet. iii, 19. darkness, Matt. 471; Bates's Works; Ridgley's Bo- viii, 12. Jud. 13. fire, Matt. xiii, dy of Divinity, quest. 90.

42, 50. a worm that never dies, HEBREWS. See JEWS. Mark ix, 44. 48. the second HELL, the place of Divine pu- death, Rev. xxi, 8. the wrath of nishment after death. As all reli-God, Rom. ii, 5. It has been degions have supposed a future state bated, whether there will be maof existence after this life, so all terial fire in hell? On the affirmahave their hell, or place of torment, tive side it is observed, that fire in which the wicked are to be pu- and brimstone are represented as nished. Even the Heathens had the ingredients of the torment of their tartara; and the Mahome- the wicked, Rev. xiv, 10, 11. Rev. tans, we find, believe the eternity xx, 10. That as the body is to be of rewards and punishments: it raised, and the whole man to be is not, therefore, a sentiment pecu- condemned, it is reasonable to beliar to christianity. lieve there will be some corporeal There have been many curious punishment provided, and there

on ditto. A late popular writer has observed, that in the 35th sermon of Tillotson every thing is said upon the eternity of hell torments that can be known with any certainty.

fore probably material fire.. On UNIVERSALISTS. Berry St. Lec. the negative side it is alleged, that vol. ii, p. 559, 562; Dawes on the terms above-mentioned are Hell, ser. x; Whiston on ditto; metaphorical, and signify no more Swinden, Drexelius, and Edwards than raging desire or acute pain and that the Divine Being can sufficiently punish the wicked, by immediately acting on their minds, or rather leaving them to the guilt and stings of their own conscience. According to several passages, it seems there will be different degrees of punishment in hell, Luke xii, 47. Rom. ii, 12. Matt. x, 20, 21. Matt. xii, 25, 32. Heb. x, 28, 29.

HELL, Christ's descent into. That Christ locally descended into hell, is a doctrine believed not only by the Papists, but by many among the reformed, 1. The text chiefly brought forward in support of this As to its duration, it has been doctrine is the first Peter iii, 19. observed that it cannot be eter-"By which he went and preached nal, because there is no propor- to the spirits in prison" but it tion between temporary crimes evidently appears that the "spiand eternal punishments; that the rit" there mentioned was not word everlasting is not to be taken Christ's human soul, but a divine. in its utmost extent; and that it nature, or rather the Holy Spirit signifies no more than a long time, (by which he was quickened, and or a time whose precise boundary raised from the dead); and by the is unknown. But in answer to this inspiration of which, granted to it is alleged, that the same word Noah, he preached to those notois used, and that sometimes in the rious sinners who are now in the very same place, to express the prison of hell for their disobedieternity of the happiness of the ence. righteous, and the eternity of the 2. Christ, when on the cross, misery of the wicked; and that promised the penitent thief his there is no reason to believe that presence that day in paradise ; and the words express two such differ- accordingly, when he died, he ent ideas, as standing in the same committed his soul into his heaconnexion. Besides, it is not venly Father's hand in heaven. true, it is observed, that temporary therefore, and not in hell, we are crimes do not deserve eternal pu- to seek the separate spirit of our nishments, because the infinite Redeemer in this period, Luke majesty of an offended God adds xxiii, 43, 46.

a kind of infinite evil to sin, and 3. Had our Lord descended to therefore exposes the sinner to in-preach to the damned, there is no finite punishment; and that here- supposable reason why the unbeby God vindicates his injured ma-lievers in Noah's time only should jesty, and glorifies his justice. See be mentioned rather than those of articles DESTRUCTIONISTS and Sodom, and the unhappy multi

tude that died in sin. But it may distinguished from the Jews called be said, do not both the Old and Hebrews, that is, who spoke the New Testaments intimate this? Hebrew tongue of that time. Ps. xvi, 10. Acts ii, 34. But it The Hellenists, or Grecian Jews, may be answered, that the words were those who lived in Egypt, "thou wilt not leave my soul in and other parts where the Greek hell," may be explained (as is tongue prevailed: it is to them we the manner of the Hebrew poets) owe the Greek version of the Old in the following words: "Neither Testament, commonly called the will thou suffer thine holy one to Septuagint, or that of the Sesee corruption." So the same venty.

words are used Ps. lxxxix, 48.- Salmasius and Vossius are of a "What man is he that liveth, and different sentiment with regard to shall not see death? shall he deli-the Hellenists; the latter will ver his soul from the hand of the only have them to be those who grave?" In the Hebrew (N),adhered to the Grecian interests. the word commonly rendered hell Scaliger is represented in the Scaproperly signifies "the invisible ligerana as asserting the Hellenists state," as our word hell origi-to be the Jews who lived in Greece nally did; and the other word and other places, and who read (vi) signifies not always the im-the Greek Bible in their synamortal soul, but the animal frame gogue, and used the Greek lanin general, either living or dead.guage in sacris; and thus they Bishop Pearson and Dr. Barrow were opposed to the Hebrew Jews, on the Creed; Edward's Hist. of who performed their public worRedemption, notes p. 351, 377;ship in the Hebrew tongue; and Ridgley's Body of Div. p. 308, in this sense St. Paul speaks of 3d edit.; Doddridge and Guise on himself as a Hebrew of the Hebrews, Phil. iii, 5, 6.-2. A HeHELLENISTS, a term occur-brew both by nation and language. ring in the Greek text of the New The Hellenists are thus properly Testament, and which in the Eng-distinguished from the Hellenes, or lish version is rendered Grecians, Greeks, mentioned John xii, 20. Acts vi, 1. The critics are divided who were Greeks by birth and as to the signification of the word. nation, and yet proselytes to the Some observe, that it is not to be Jewish religion.

1st Pet. iii, 19.

understood as signifying those of HEMEROBAPTISTS, a sect the religion of the Greeks, but among the ancient Jews, thus callthose who spoke Greek. The au-ed from their washing and bathing thors of the Vulgate version ren-every day, in all seasons; and der it like our Graci; but Mes-performing this custom with the sieurs Du Port Royal, more ac-greatest solemnity, as a religious curately, Juifs Grecs, Greek or rite necessary to salvation. Grecian Jews; it being the Jews Epiphanius, who mentions this who spoke Greek that are here as the fourth heresy among the treated of, and who are hereby Jews, observes, that in other

points these heretics had much the|| the councils of Nice, Constantisame opinion as the Scribes and nople, Ephesus, and Chalcedon, Pharisees; only that they denied against the Arians, Nestorians, the resurrection of the dead, in and Eutychians, without making common with the Sadducees, and any particular mention of the retained a few other of the im-council of Chalcedon. It is in proprieties of these last. the form of a letter, addressed by

The sect who pass in the East Zeno to the bishops, priests, under the denomination of Sa-monks, and people of Egypt and bians, calling themselves Mendai Lybia. It was opposed by the Iiahi, or the disciples of St. John, Catholics, and condemned in form and whom the Europeans entitle by pope Felix II.

the christians of St. John, because HENRICIANS, a sect so callthey yet retain some knowledge of ed from Henry, its founder, who, the gospel, is probably of Jewish though a monk and hermit, unorigin, and seem to have been de-dertook to reform the superstition rived from the ancient Hemero- and vices, of the clergy. For this baptists; at least it is certain that purpose he left Lausanne, in SwitJohn, whom they consider as zerland, and, removing from difthe founder of their sect, bears no ferent places, at length settled at sort of similitude to John the Thoulouse, in the year 1147, and Baptist, but rather resembles the there exercised his ministerial person of that name whom the function; till being overcome by ancient writers present as the the opposition of Bernard, abbot chief of the Jewish Hemerobap- of Clairval, and condemned by tists. These ambiguous christians pope Eugenius III, at a council dwell in Persia and Arabia, and assembled at Rheims, he was comprincipally at Bassora; and their mitted to a close prison in 1148, religion consists in bodily wash- where he soon ended his days. ings, performed frequently, and This reformer rejected the bapwith great solemnity, and attend-tism of infants, severely censured ed with certain ceremonies which the corrupt manners of the clerthe priests mingle with this super-gy, treated the festivals and cerestitious service. monies of the church with the HENOTICON, a famous edict utmost contempt, and held priof the emperor Zeno, published vate assemblies for inculcating his A. D. 482, and intended to recon- peculiar doctrines. cile and re-unite the Eutychians HERACLEONITES, a sect of with the Catholics. It was procu-christians, the followers of Herared of the emperor by means of cleon, who refined upon the GnosAcacius, patriarch of Constanti-tic divinity, and maintained that nople, with the assistance of the the world was not the immediate friends of Peter Mongus and Peter production of the Son of God, but Trullo. The sting of this edict lies that he was only the occasional here; that it repeats and con-cause of its being created by the firms all that had been enacted in demiurgus. The Heracleonites deVOL. I.

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