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PREFACE.

names of the places where they have been engaged, but he is altogether ignorant of the intrigues, the factions, the projects, and the motives which have → produced the events of the year 1799.

We shall not anticipate the prominent parts of the following narrative; we shall not destroy the reader's entertainment by a premature developement; he will meet with matter which is not only new, but extraordinary,----and, from the sources from which we have derived our information, we can only say, that we cannot entertain a doubt of its authenticity.

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Though from principle we are enemies to war? on every pretence, yet, as far as accuracy is concerned, we are desirous of obtaining the suffrage of military men. We cannot but flatter ourselves that the detail of the late important campaign is more complete than any thing that has ever appeared upon the subject, and that it is indeed

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such that not only the politician may read it for entertainment, but that the soldier may study it

THE History of Knowledge, Learning, and Taste, in Great Britain, during the Reign of King Charles the Second, Part. III.

page xvii

State of Politics at the latter End of the Year 1799. The Meeting of Parhament. His Majesty's Speech. Address-Debate on the Address in the House of Lords-In the House of Commons. House of Commons occupied on a new Measure of Finance. Mr. Tierney's Motion in Favour of Peace negatived. Bill for continuing the Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act— Debates on that Measure in the House of Commons-In the House of Lords. evbeteg rush mund tomano 5'll zullen do

CHAP. II.

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Union with Ireland. Message from His Majesty. Debate in the House of Commons on bis Majesty's Messages Debate on the Proposal for a Union. Resolutions proposed by the Minister as preparatory to a Union. Resolutions proposed by Mr. Sheridan rejected. Further Debates on th; Minister's Proposals. Committee of the whole House on the Resolutions. Conference with the Lords. His Majesty's Message relative to the Union, delivered to the House of Lords. Conference with the Commons. Resolutions presented by the Commons. Lord Auckland's Motion for Papers, Dehate on that Subject. Debate in the House of Lords on the Resolutions. Debate on the Proposal for an Address to bis Majesty. Debate on the Address, Second Conference with the Commons. Joint Address of both Houses to bis Majesty, 46

CHAP. III.

Finances of the Year 1799. Committee of Supply. Navy Estimates-Sir John Sinclair's Objections—Debate on the Subject. Army Estimates. The

first Budget-Supply-Ways and Means. Income Tax-Debate on the Resolutions relative to it-Resolutions-Debate on the Report. Bargain for Part of the Loan. Further Debates on the Income Tax in the House of Commons-Debates on the same Bill in the House of Lords Amendments "made in the same Bill in the House of Commons after its Return from the "House of Lords. Vote of Credit for Three Millions on Exchequer Bills. Subsidy to Russia. Further Vote of Credit for Three Millions to enable his Majesty to make good Engagements. Second Budget-Ways and Means— New Taxes. Resolutions relative to the Service of Ireland. Mr. Tierney's Motion relative to the Finances of the Country-Debate on that Subject. India Budget,

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Amended Bill for the Redemption of the Land-Tax-Debates on this Bill. Regulations respecting Ecclesiastical Property and Corporations. Amended Bill for Scotland New Arrangements respecting the Militia, Volunteer and Provisional Cavalry. Debate on the Slave Trade,

CHAP. V.

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Retrospect of the State of Europe in 1798. Revolution of Switzerland. Discontent of the Subject Classes against the old Governments. Protection given to the Peasantry. Vices of the old Government. Complaints and Petitions of the Pays-de-Vaud. Court of High Commission in the Pays-deVaud. Di positions of the Canton of Berne towards France. Violations of the Neutrality on the Part of Switzerland. Acknowledgment of the French Republic by the Swiss Confederation. Reclamations of the Pays deVaud. Interference of the French Government. Insurrection of the Pays. de-Vaud. Preparations for a Revolution in the Canton of Basil. Incorpo ration of Mulhausen into the French Republic. Meeting of the Diet of the Swiss Cantons at Arau. Insurrection at Arau. Entry of the French Army into the Pays-de-l'aud, and the Countries of the former Bishopric of Basil, Revolution in the Canton of Basil. Convocation of the Depu ties of the Communes of the Canton of Berne. Resolutions and Proclamations of that Assembly. Circular Letter of the French Commissary respecting the Proclamation. Dispositions of divers. Cantons to a Change of Government, Reflections on the French Commissary's Proclamations. Disposi tion of the French Directory with respect to Switzerland. Fatal Effects of As Divisions in the Swiss Cantons. Constitution for Switzerland formed by the Chancellor of Basit, and amended at Paris. Negotiations between the Canton of Berne and the French General. Revolution at Schaffhausen. Aranistice grauled to the Canton of Berne. Indecision of the Government of Den Arrival of Reinforcements to the Swiss and French Armies. Propositions of the French General to the Canton of Berne rejected. Commenceement af ostilities. Further Prolongation of the Armistice. Truce broken. si bolence and Fribourg taken by the French. Disorders among the Swiss Troops Provisionary Government at Berne. Negotiations rejected by the Le Gneral. Marcb of the French Troops't wards Berne. Valur of Shy the Swiss Troups. Entry of the French into Berne. Massacre of their Officers

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3 Officers by the Swiss Troops. Depredations of the French Soldiery in the Country, and of the French Generals in Berne, Revolutions of the Cantons of Zurich and Lucerne. Refusal of the lesser Cantons to accept the Constituation, Contributions levied on the Aristocracy of Berne. Hostages sent to the Fortress of Huninguen. Meeting of Depuries from the Seviss Cantons at Aran. Formation of the Legislative Buly. Nomination of Directors. Insurrection in the Canton of Lucerne Invasion of the Canton of Zurich by the Troops of the lesser Cantons. -Severe Contests between the French and Swiss Armies. Acceptance of the Constitution by the lesser Cantons. Insurrections in the Vallais. Despotic Conduct of the French Directory. Embassy of Rapinat in Switzerland. Violences committed by the French Commissary at Zurich. Independent Conduct of the Swiss Government. Powers given to Rapinat·

by the French Directory. Changes in the Swiss Government made by the French Commissary. Disavowal of Rapinat's Conduct by the French Directay, Compliance of the Helvetic Government with the Projects of the Directory. Election of Ochs to the Helvetic Directory. Colonel Laharpe named Director. Remonstrances with the French Directory with respect to their Conduct in Switzerland. Cessation of French Tyranny in Switzerland. Treaty concluded,

175

Retrospect continued. Reflections on the Constitutions given by the French Government to the new Republics. State of the Helvetian Republic. Revolution in the Government of Holland. Consequences of the Revolution. Formation of a Constitution by the pelo Government. Acceptance of the Constitution by the People. Geneva. Arguments in Favour of and against its Incorporation into the French Republic. Incorporation of Geneva. Articles of the Treaty. Congress of Radstadt. Reflections on the Propriety of convoking a Congress, Claims of the French to the Right Side of the Rhine. Good Understanding letw en France, Prussia, and Austria. Opposition of the Deputation. Estimate of the Value of the Country demanded. The Perseverance of the French in their Demands. Concession of the Left Side of the Rhine to the French. Project of Indemnities acceded to. Mode of Secularisation. New Propositions made by the Fren h. Reflections on the Conduct of the French. Formation of a new Coalition against France, Opposition of the Imperial Minister to the Claims of the French. Concessions of the French. Embarrassment of the Deputation of the Empire. State of the Negotiations at Radstadt. Domestic Situation of France, Seizure of English Merchandise. Law respecting neutral Vessels. State of the Dipartiments, Extension of the Criminal Laws. Military Commissions. Constitutional and Jacobin Clubs shut> upElections to the Legislative Body. Proclamation of the Directory against the Jacobin Party. Proposal of preventing the Nomination of Jacobins. Bill of Exclusion. Debates on the Subject. Paris and the Departments. Election of a new Director. Reflections on the Expedition of Egypt. Preparations at Tenlon, and Nature of the Armament. Conquest of Malta. Conditions of the Surren ler. Escape of the Freach from the English Fleet. Arrival in Elyst Entrance into Alexan dia. Situation of the French at Alexandria Distressing March through the Desert. Arrival at Rosetta. March along the Nile. Bane of the Pyramids.

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nclusion of the Jet bins in

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Pyramid Extraure into Cairo, Pursuit of Murad Bey into Upper Egyptof Ibrahim Bey towards Syria. Administration of Lower Egypt Defoor and Capture of the French Fleet by Admiral Nelson. Situation of the French Army in Egypt. Formation of a National Institute in Egypt. Assembly of Chiocks at Carro. Celebration of the Anniversary of the French Republic in Egypt. Insurrection at Cairo. Reflections on the Invasion of Egypt,

204

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Retrospect continued. Political Situation of Holland. Refusal of the Legis Jative and Executive Powers to abandon their Functions. Remonstrances against this Measure. Revolt against the Government in Holland, Provisionary Government formed. Nomination of Constitutional Legislative and Executive Powers. State of the French Armies on the Rhine. Conference at Seltz. Appearance of Hostikties between the Empire and France. State of Public Corruption. in the French Republic." Laws respecting the Uniformity of Weights and Measures. Extension of the Powers of Military Commissions. Expedition of the English against Ostend. Plan of Universal Conscription for keeping up the National Force in France. Despotic Influence of the Directory over the Legislative Body. Situation of the Cisalpine Republic Nomination of the legislative and Executive Powers by Bona parte. Treaty of Alliance between the Cisalpine and French Republics. "Divisions in the Councils. Acceptance of the Treaty. Arbitrary Conduct of the French at Milan. Formation of a new Constitution for the Cisalpine Republic, by a Member of the French Directory. Conduct of the French Em bassador at Milan. The Cisalpines accept the proposed Constitution. Nego tiation with the French Directory against its Application. Revolution in the Government at Milan effected by the French. Consequences of the Revolution. Finances Prolongation of the Porcers of the Directory. Decadary Festiva's. Lery of Tove Hundred Thou and Men. Enterprise on Ireland. American Negotiations Insurrection in the United Departments. Change of Government in the Cisalpine Republic, effected by General Brune. Cisalpine Constitution accepted. Change of Government in the Cisalpine effected by Ri rand. State of the Helvetic Republic. Insurrection in the Canton of Underwalden. Larus on Emigration. Treaty between the Helvetic and French Governments. State of the Ligurian Republic. Changes in the Ligurian Councils, effected by the French arinister. Banishment of the Disaffected and the Clergy Refusal of the Ligurians to place a French General at the Head of their Military Forces. Ligurian National Institute. Failure of Nego tiations between the Court of Portugal and the French Republic. Spain. State of the Batavian Republic. State of St. Domingo. Declaration of War by the Ottoman Porte. Entrance into the Grisons of the dustrian Troups. Alerch of the Neapolitan Army. Declaration of War against the Kings of caples and Sardinia:. Abdication of the King of Sardinia. Fore mation of a Provisionary Government. Entrance of she Neapolitan Army into Rome. Defeat of the Neapolitan Army, and Evacuation of Rome, Rejection of the Armistice offered by the Neapolitan General. View of the contending Parties at the Congress of Radstadt. Prepositions of the French Ministers.

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