10 The duke said, "Prince Shih, Heaven gives long life to the just and the intelligent;-it was thus that those ministers maintained and regulated the dynasty of Yin. He who at last came to the throne was extinguished by the majesty of Heaven. Think you of the distant future, and we shall have the decree in favour of Chow made sure, and its good government will be brilliantly displayed in our new-founded State. 11 III. The duke said, "Prince Shih, aforetime when God was afflicting Yin, he encouraged anew the virtue of the Tranquillizing king, till at last the great favouring decree was concentrated in his ces) in the How and Teen domains.' 矧一 邦=其治效亦赫然明著於 ‘still more;'or simply = likewise.’ 惟我新造之邦, its efficient govt.will 惟德稱-惟此内外之臣,be gloriously and brilliantly displayed in our 皆舉稱其德‘all these ministers, stands Ly to be (the newly founded country;" about the court and away from it, throughout but the dynasty is what is meant; compare the the empire, displayed and exerted their virtue. 若卜筮罔不是(=是之) 字(一信之)=如龜之下,如 著之錼天下無不敬信之 P. 10. Advice to Shih, grounded on the prec., that he should do for Chow what those ministers had done for Yin. 天壽平格 Gan-kwo supposes that is spoken of the sovereigns of Yin, (平至之君. It is better to understand the characters of the ministers who have been spoken of. They are called 平, level,' free of all selfishness, and 格, ‘intelligent,’all-reaching and embracing. new founded kingdom.' Maou K'e-ling under passage of the She King, quoted in 'The Great from this par. that the duke of Shaou had ex- pressed his wish to withdraw from the public Ch. III. Pp. 11-17. IT WAS BY THE AID OF THEIR ABLE MINISTERS THAT THE KINGS WAN AND Woo were raised to their grAND DISTINCTION AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE 11. 上帝割一 after K'ang-shing, takes 割 for 蓋 a particle of style, the force of which passes into the verbs that follow; but there is no necessity to resort to such a device. Hea Seen observes conveys not only the idea of long life, but also of prosperity, as in the last Book, p. 7. that 'Heaven encouraged king Wăn, and after is ‘a term, continuative of what has gone be Show is intended by 有殷嗣 天滅 wards encouraged king Woo; hence the lan威=天滅之以示威 永念 guage-申勸; i-see the 集說 申 than to take the terms as simply="always | fore,'(繼前之辭). In the Le Ke, Bk. think of this.' 厥亂明我新造緇衣, p. 24, we find this par, in the form think of the distant future.' This is better 知亦蔑來括若夭有修躬。 天惟德兹○泰有若和 純降迪又若虢我 乃佑 佑于彝日有散叔有文 惟秉國 教無若宜有夏王 德人。文 文能南生若亦尙 昭迪○ ○王往宮有閎惟克 12 person. But that king Wan was able to conciliate and unite the portion of the great empire which we came to possess, was owing to his having such ministers as his brother of Kih, Hwang Yaou, San E-săng, Tae Teen, and Nan-kung Kwo.” 13 He repeated this sentiment, "But for the ability of these men to go and come in his affairs, developing his constant lessons, there would have been no benefits descending from king Wan on the 14 people. And it also was from the determinate favour of Heaven, that there were these men of firm virtue, and acting according to their knowledge of the dread majesty of Heaven, to give themselves names. So says Gan-kwo, and there is no reason to call the thing in question, except in the case 在昔上帝周田觀文王之 德其集大命于厥躬. This of the second, whose surname is said by some to was, no doubt, the reading current in the Han dyn. as from Fuh-shang. 12. King Wăn have been. Of those five ministers we can hardly be said to know more than the surnames and names. It would be a waste of time to refer to the legendary tales that are circulated and the ministers who aided him. 惟文 至有夏-我有夏=我所有 about them. If we were surprised that there was 之諸夏 'the empire, or the portion of the empire, which we had.' The reference is to the two-thirds of the empire which acknow尙=庶 幾‘perhaps. Tsow Ching-ke says that the ledged the authority of Wăn. terms intimate the difficulty of Wăn's undertaking, and the greatness of the assistance which he derived from his ministers. no mention in p. 7 of Foo Yue, it is no less strange that the greatest of Wan's ministers, the 公望 should here be passed over in silence. 13. It is certainly most natural to take 叉日 here as introducing another remark, confirmatory of the preceding, by the duke of Chow. I can by no means accede to the view of Gan-kwo, and of Keang Shing and K'e-ling 虢叔,-from a passage in the 左傳僖 來 五年, we learn that this was a son of king Ke, and a younger brother of Wăn. Kih was the name of his appanage, in the pres. dis. of Paou-ke (寶雞), dep. of Fung-tsënng, Shen se. [This was called the western Kih. There were two other districts called Kih under the Chow dynasty,the eastern Kih, and the northern.] 閎散泰 and 南宮 are | among the moderns, that 又日無能往 來 is an observation of king Wăn, who, though he had those five ministers, still said, "They are not able (=enough) to go and come in my affairs.' In order to make the rest of the par. harmonize in any way with this construction, they are obliged to take 蔑德'exquisite virtue 14. This par. corresponds to par. 9. What E Yin and the others did for the emperors of Yin, that did these five ministers for king Wăn,-and all by the determinate favour of Heaven. The Daily Explanation’ surnames; and 天宜生顛 and 括 are expands 亦惟純佑秉德 into 我 同往小丕兹將迪O帝文 未曁子單四天 武王 在汝旦稱人、威祿王時迪 位奭若德昭成後惟受見 ◎武暨有冒 濟大全王厥武四殷聞 大今 我小 川 在惟敵王人命于 責子予予冒惟誕尙哉上 to enlighten king Wăn, and lead him forward to his high distinction and universal over-rule, till his fame reached the ears of God, and 15 he received the decree of Yin. There were still four of these men who led on king Woo to the possession of that decree with all its emoluments. Afterwards, along with him, in great reverence of the majesty of Heaven, they slew all his enemies; and then these four men made king Woo distinguished all over the empire, 16 till the people universally and greatly proclaimed his virtue. Now, with me Tan, who am but a little child, it is as if I were floating on a great stream; let me from this time cross it along with you, O Shih. Our young sovereign is powerless as if he had not yet 文王之時有虢叔等五臣, the empire; but Woo came into the possession 爲之輔佐亦惟天意在文 後曁武王一蟹 is used here as in the last Book, p. 5,-fil, a preposition, 王純一不二以佑助之故 as in the last Book, p. 5, 生此等秉持明德之人.迪 along with 劉一 知天威-comp.迪哲 in the last Book, 乃惟時昭文王-乃 惟以是昭文王. Keang Shing puts a stop at 昭, and makes 乃惟時照 p.16. be descriptive of the ministers, as becoming thoroughly enlightened and virtuous. This itself. -see "The Pwan-kăng,' Pt. i., p. 2. 昭武王惟冒-昭 is quoted in the. The meaning would construction is not good. 迪見冒 = al beneath. But the punctuation and reading 啟迪其德使著見於上覆 冒於下.Comp. Bk. XIV., p. 4. 15. King Woo and his able ministers. 武王 至有祿-四人, ‘four of these | 16. The duke of Chow en treats Shih to co-operate with him in supporting their new dynasty. If he will not do so, the consequences will be disastrous. We must suppose that all the four ministers who had aided Woo were now dead, and the burden of the State was on the dukes of Chow and Shaou. 游浮水 men.' One of them had died,-it is supposed, 'to float on the water.' 予往暨(一與; the prince of Kih. 天祿,-comp. (The Counsels of Yu,'p. 17. King Wăn had the as in the last par.) 汝奭其濟-我 dceree,the appointment to the possession of 自今以往與汝奭同心輔 17 裕惟無監日 我艱疆于嗚 不告惟兹呼, 以君休我君格聞、降 降不 後乃亦受肆 矧我 人大命其公日則 ascended the throne. You must by no means lay the whole burden on me; and if we draw ourselves up without an effort to supply his deficiencies, no good will flow to the people from our age and experience. We shall not hear the voices of the singing birds, and much less can it be thought that we shall make his virtue equal to Heaven." The duke said, "Oh! consider well, O prince, these things. We have received the favouring decree of Heaven, to which belongs an unlimited amount of what is desirable, but having great difficulties attached to it. What I announce to you are counsels of a generous largeness. I cannot allow the successor of our kings to go astray." 佐共濟艱難可也 小子| many words, but I do not understand them. 同未在位,by小子here we must Keung Shing points 誕無我責收 understand king Ching. The duke had, indeed, 最不及,‘Do not you by any means resigned the regency, and the govt. was in the emperor's hands. But Ching was still young, and unequal to his high duties. 誕無我 責收最不及,一Ts'ae thinks there is something wanting before the former of these clauses, and says he does not understand the latter. Gan-kwǒ took 誕無我責。 as charge me to retire. I will exert myself, and exertion is never made without success!' 者造德=耆老成人之德 鳴島 by ‘the singing birds' are meant the male and female phoenix, fabled to appear at court in times of great prosperity. See on the "Yih and Tseil,' p. 9. In the She King, Pt. III., -汝大無非責我之留‘and | Bk. II, Ode viii., st. 9, mention is made of the phoenixes flying about and screaming on the hills. The ode is ascribed to the duke of Shaou, and is supposed to celebrate king Ching and the happiness of his times. 其有能 you are blaming me for remaining in the govt.,' which agrees with his view that the duke of Shaou was dissatisfied, because the other had not retired upon resigning the regency. The terms will bear the meaning which I have given in the translation; and it appears to me more in harmony with the tenor of the-this is said with reference to the predicates As to the meaning of the second in p. 7 about what the ministers of Yin did for their sovereigns. 17. The duke urges Shih to lay to heart what he has said to him. address. clause, the editors of Yung-ching's Shoo give a modified approval to the view of Leu Tsoo-heen, adduced by Yu E-shoo (余芑舒; of the 肆其監于兹,一comp. the last Book, Yuen dyn.), making the words addressed to the duke of Shaou: 召公若收斂退藏 1.19.肆 is talken=大 我受至 罔勗勉成王之所不逮 Itake 惟艱-comp. Bk. XII., p. 9. By 後 the characters much in the same way, but, the after man,' we are to understand king consider that the duke of Chow is speaking of himself as well as of prince Shih. I can hardly | Ching. The 前人 at the beginning of next tell how Gan-kwo interprets here. He uses | par. renders this very probable. 兹天于奭公德亶極心迷。 日乃○ 誥威殷其日 予○喪汝君承 惟予大克告無 亶乘兹大命惟文 日不否敬汝 展允 肆以 以朕之 汝悉 汝前 作人 我惟 允恤R文 王汝敷 18 IV. The duke said, " The former king laid bare his heart, and gave full charge to you, constituting you one of the guides of the people, and saying, 'Do you with intelligence and energy prove a helper to the king; do you with sincerity support and carry on this great decree. Think of the virtue of king Wăn, and enter greatly into his boundless anxieties."" 19 20 The duke said, " What I tell you, O prince, are my sincere thoughts. O Shih, the Grand-protector, if you can but reverently survey with me the decay and great disorders of Yin, and thence consider the dread majesty of Heaven which warns us! “Am I not to be believed that I must thus speak ? 'The establishment of our dynasty rests with us two.' Isimply say, Do you agree Do Ch. IV. Pp. 18-23. 18. The duke of, appointment was placed and carried on. Shaou had received a special charge from king 惟文王德-the 惟一念,‘to think Woo to be a guardian of the young king and of the of.' 不承無疆之恤,comp.無 dynasty. 前人,‘the former man,' is to be understood of king Woo. On his deathbed 疆惟恤, Bk. XII., p. 9. 19. The duke he had given the charge, of which a portion is of Chow earnestly begs Shih to enter into his anhere adduced, to the dukes of Chow and Shaou. xieties, and learn from the fate of Yin to labour 敷乃心,the 乃 here would seem for the establishment of their dynasty. 其汝 to=其, the adj. pronoun of the third person.克敬-this is hortatory, and the meaning seems to be best brought out by giving the trans The phrase, however,一所敷者乃其 lation an optative form. 以予 may be 心腹,作汝民極-this has reference -this has reference taken as與子大 (pei) =大亂, ‘great disorders,' or 大阪, ‘great distresses. 我天威- -'our Heavenly terrors,' i.e., to the appointment of Shih to be the Grand guardian, in which office he was to be a support and pattern for the people. Lin Che-k'e says: -凡為大臣者皆日以為民 偶王輔弼嗣王, to 極 help the heir king.' Two, joined in any way, are called. Shih was to prove as a help-meet to the king. In 乘大命 we have the metaphor of a carriage in which the sovereign the terrors of Heaven which were to be dreaded by them, and guarded against through a diligent discharge of their duties. 20. So much was erting themselves to the utmost, and especially to be dependent on the two dukes that they ought to be exlooking out for men who might hereafter supply their places. 予不允惟若兹誥 is |