偃起! 逆周 盡 郊 昔王 王 起公 天 國之及公執信 乃 、人、反 反亦 禮 惟今勞以公諸 天 命 凡風 日 則大 之。子 大木煎 ◎其它 勿敢 熟所盡王新 彰沖穆言事。 17 the place of king Woo. The king and the two dukes asked the grand historian and all the other officers about the thing. They replied, "Ah! it was really thus; but the duke charged us that we should 18 not presume to speak about it." The king held the writing, and wept, saying, “We need not now go on reverently to divine. Formerly the duke was thus earnest for the royal House, but I, being a child, did not know it. Now Heaven has moved its terrors to display the virtue of the duke of Chow. That I meet him a new man, is what the rules of propriety of our empire require." 19 The king then went out to the borders, when Heaven sent down rain; and by virtue of a contrary wind, the grain all rose up. The two dukes gave orders to the people to take up all the large trees which had fallen, and replace them. The year then turned out very fruitful. were consulted on great emergencies of the State. 講 17. 史與百執事,these were all the officers who had assisted the duke when he made his prayer, &c. 信噫云云 Ying-ta says:一噫心不平之聲噫 is a sound expressive of dissatisfaction of mind.' Gan-kwo calls it They were vexed at being thus obliged to tell what the duke had 予沖人- -see on 'The Pan kang' Pt. iiin p. 7. Here king Ching was really certainly gives a good meaning; and Ts'ae and charged_them to keep secret. Keang Shing| K'ang-shing, however, both understand新: as reads, which he explains in a similar way. in the translation. The language of the latter 18. 其勿穆卜今觀公 is:-新迎先時之心更自 新以迎周公. This is rather harsh, 書可知天變之所由我君 臣不必更穆卜矣;-see the but it is more difficult to get a tolerable meaning out of many other passages of the Shoo. P. 19. The duke is received back, and Heaven | sacrifice to Heaven was offered, and thought that the going forth was to offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to Heaven for his deliverance signifies its approbation. 王出郊it is most natural to understand this going forth to the suburbs with reference to the king's from the unjust suspicions which he had har boured. purpose indicated in the 朕小子其新 Ts'ae says that after reading this paragraph it is impossible to doubt the doctrine of 'veri [I may here, in the vacant space of this page | 天,則後面 則後面能不能事鬼神 introduce Wang Pih's chapter on the 金膝之語全 in his Doubts about the Shoo.' His views are questionable, but the student will be glad to have a complete specimen of the style and man ner of his Work-此書敘事體也 武成同武成是敘伐商 事始末此篇是東征 六七年始末 中有筆力焉納冊 册啟書 金 之首尾也其敘 其敘流言居東 ,全無意 廷却 吉者謂三 文籥而 是證三 子 但為終 皆吉 終之計玆 三王必不忘於 與一後之此不" 然仓而敘法諸之責繼若 等列金列小論責於缺 ·四滕文丕望天 望 代中間無 王有任保護丕子之 也 ERSITI 也其餘小 未一者, 意責字 也王瘳而 公之心而 在公則當 巳我之 之事, 息 爭如二乃此龜果王則圖所人公不俟只天得之卜不 公天下為 得以私 諸家 ·之責 文意若日 知公 願東非 二穆 義 於敬字為近初不牴牾 RAKS UNIVE OOSTERS T BOOK VII. THE GREAT ANNOUNCEMENT. 矧車 嗣洪于事爾王 無惟我弗多若 其哲疆我家弔邦 有迪大幼不天越鱿 能民歴沖少降爾 格康服人,延割御誥 一節 大誥 1 I. "The king speaks to the following effect:-'Ho! I make a great announcement to you, the princes of the many States, and to you, the managers of my affairs.-Unpitied am I, and Heaven sends down calamities on my House, without exercising the least delay. It greatly occupies my thoughts, that I, so very young. have inherited this illimitable patrimony, with its destinies and domains. I have not displayed wisdom, and led the people to tranquillity, and how much less should I be able to reach the knowledge of the decree of Heaven! THE NAME OF THE Book.一大誥 (The Great Announcement,' At the commencement of the first paragraph, these two characters,– 大誥-occur, and they are thence taken and made the name of the Book. Gan-kwǒ, indeed, says that the Book sets forth great doctrines for the information of the empire, and thence it received its name (陳大道以誥天 下故以名篇). But we look in vain for any ‘great doctrines' in the Book. The emergency which called the announcement forth was sufficiently important to justify the duke of Chow in calling it 'great.' We need not look fatory note says, When king Woo had de- ment."" This sets forth the occasion on which to look at the contents, we find very little appropriate, according to our views, to the circumstances. The young emperor speaks of the + responsibility lying on him to maintain the empire gained by the virtues and prowess of his father, and of the senseless movements of the House of Yin to regain its supremacy; he complains of the reluctance of many of the princes and high officers to second him in putting down the revolt; and proclaims with painful reiteration the support and assurances of success which he has received from the divining tortoise-shells. The three overseers are not mentioned, though we may find an allusion or two to them. The whole tone is feeble. I have divided, it will be seen, the 15 paragraphs in which it is now generally edited into five chapters. The date of the announcement is generally referred to the third year of Ching B.C., 1,112. But such an arrangement of events supposes appears to have come into use, under the Chow the duke of Chow's residence in the east, spoken,ZZ-and explained it by of in the last Book, to have been a voluntary exile, and that this expedition against Yin was undertaken after he returned in the manner described. But I saw reason to understand the sojourning in the east as a description of this very expedition, and that the return mentioned Gan-kwo even attempted to give it the same meaning in its place at the beginning of the sentence:- was on its successful termination. On this viewИ BƑ ̃ZZ. But this is the announcement was made in the first or second year of Ching, and the expedition was finished in the third year. On that point.-the date of the extinction of Woo-kăng and his revolt, there is an agreement. The style of the Book is about as difficult exceedingly harsh and unnatural. Lin Che-k'e was the first, so far as I have ascertained, who explained the term as an exclamation. It is a pity that this meaning of it does not appear in the dictionary. 爾多 as that of the Pwan-kăng. We may doubt,' -Ñ Œ » says Wang Gan-shih, whether parts have not been lost, and other parts have not fallen out of their proper place. Our plan is to let alone what we cannot understand, and to explain what we find ourselves able to do. It is difficult,' says Choo He, to point the Book. The sentences are very long, and students generally try to break them up into shorter ones, which makes the interpretation more difficult still.' 越爾御事 Speech,' Pt. i., p. 2. teaou) -see the 'Great 弗弔-弔 (read to pity,' as in the She King, Pt. III., Bk. III., Ode x., st. 5. In the 'Pwan-kang,' Pt. iii., 7, it was read teih, with the meaning of 'to come to,' i.e., to reach the mark of goodness; and so Gan-kwo took it, and Keang Shing takes it, but with different relations to the rest of the sentence ;-see the and the 尙書集註音疏 Ts'ae expands the phrase as in the translation:- these are the words of the duke of Chow, spoken ties.' Heaven sends down calamities on my House,'-this has reference especially to the early death of king Woo; and we may include also the present troubles occasioned by the of the young king. We are not to suppose in---, 'injuries,' 'calamideed that Ching had anything to do with the announcement. Doubting the duke's loyalty, he would not have sent him to attack his other uncles; but the duke acted as the great duties of his position required him to do, and would not allow the safety of the dynasty to be perilled by weak scruples. At the same time it was right that his address should appear as in the name of the king. There was no other king but Ching, and no other is intended by throughout the Book. Kang-shing, however, says that by E we should understand the duke himself. His words are:- 也周公居攝命大事則權 The king is the duke of Chow. He was regent of the empire, and in giving charge about such great affairs, in the exigency of the circumstances, he called himself the king. revolt in Yin. 不少延‘without a little delay.' Blow was following on blow in quick succession. Gan-kwo put a stop at this construction I shall speak on the next 少, and carried 延 to the next sentence. Of clause. Kang-shing pointed as in the text and interpreted 不少延 as not few and prolonged. E may certainly be thus taken 長; but the whole phrase 不小延 as is more naturally construed as I have done in the translation, following Ts'ae and other Sung critics. 洪惟一大思 I greatly think.' Gan-kwo, I have just said, began this 于予不人敷求水子已知 天不忘受竟朕予若予天 降敢大命敷攸惟涉惟命 威閉功兹前濟往淵小◎ 2 'Yes, I who am but a little child am in the position of one who has to cross a deep water;-it must be mine to go and seek how to cross over. I must diffuse the elegant institutions of my predecessor, and augment the appointment which he received from Heaven; -so shall I be not forgetful of his great work. Nor shall I dare to restrain the majesty of Heaven seen in the inflictions it sends down. rest of the announcement. Perhaps a glimpse of light is afforded by Kin Le-ts'ëang, who says: clause with E, and his comment on 延惟 我幼冲人一凶害延大 此言成王以幼沖嗣位 累我幼童人,成王言其不 如此未 流言展轉而事變 可不誅之意, The calamities are so pro-能上測天意如何以起下 tracted and great that they involve me who am so young;-the king's meaning is that there was nothing for him but to cut off the criminals.' 嗣無疆大歴服,一歴 is de fined as = buys:歴-天之歴數服do mains.' Tsae says一五服, the five do mains ; but they were more than ‘five'under the Chow dynasty. Nearly all the critics define 服 by 事, and then expand it into something 文求濟卜筮之意(This speaks of how king Ching, inberiting the throne at so early an age, with the baseless rumours going about, and such changes of events occurring, of Heaven, in order to introduce what is said difficulties, and the intimations afforded by divination;'–see the集說. 2. 已 is used, was unable to fathom what might be the mind below about his seeking how to cross over his acc. to Ts'ae, as a continuative particle, indicat ing that though the speaker had come to a pause, yet he must go on expressing his sentiments (巳承上語辭已而有不能 like 服王事; but Ts'ae's meaning is much 已之意). Our (Yes' corresponds to it. simpler. 弗造哲迪民康 -on 6 予惟至攸‘this,' says Gan this Gan-kwǒ has 不能為造智道 kwǔ, expresses the king's awe' (言祇懼) 以安人, I cannot practise the ways of He might have said awe and perplexity” 敷 wisdom to repose the people, Keung Shing 音敷前人受命-the former clause has-弗遭逢明哲之人以道 expresses the young king's apprehensive per于安, ‘I have not met with (found), in-plexity; this seems to express what under all telligent men to lead the people to repose.' Better than either, Woo Ching read with an aspirate, 'to go to,' 'to arrive at;' and circumstances he felt it incumbent upon him to do. The language however, is difficult to con strue and interpret. Lin Che-ke says: - Gan kwo read fun, as in the "Pwan-kăng," Pt. eays: 弗能造於明哲以導民 iii, 7, and with the same signif. of great, and 於安, I have not attained to wisdom, so a8 to conduct the people to tranquillity.' So I take the words. 矧日云云,I take 格 here with Gan-kwǔ as 至‘to reach to.' I do not know what the young king, or rather the duke of Chow, had in view by 天命 the gave the meaning-I will spread and practise great principles, so spreading and displaying the appointment received by Wan and Woo.' But the text only says 敷賁, and to make that: I will display great principles' is wide of the mark and forced. Soo and Lin Tsze hwuy (林子晦) read the character pe, with decree or appointment of Heaven,' nor can I the meaning of ‘to adorn, discern the bearing of the whole clause on the “Announcement of Tang,', p. 5). ; as in the Soo then in |