‘Before this, the Kung-sun Mang had collected the rents of the lands given by the people of Chow to Fan-she, when he was taken by some of the Chaou clan, and presented [to Chaou Keen]. The officers asked leave to put him to death, but Chaou-măng said, “It was | for his lord. He has no crime." So he stopped the officers, and gave Mang [back the rents of] the lands. After this battle of T'ëeh, Mang, with 500 footmen, attacked the army of Ching at night, and took the flag, Fung-k'e, from beside the tent of Tsze-yaou, which he then presented [to Këen-tsze] saying, “This is in requital of your kindness." In the pursuit of the army of Ching, Yaou, Pan, and the Kung-sun Lin, guarded the rear, and killed with their arrows many in the front ranks of the pursuers, so that Chaou-măng said, “The State Tof Ching] should not be called 'small.” Par. 7. It was thus the 7th month after his death before the interment of duke Ling took place. The movements of Kwae-wae had, probably, occasioned the delay. Parr. 8, 9. Chow-lae,-see VIII. vii. 7 and X. xiii. 12. In the latter passage it is said that Woo extinguished Chow-lae." It would now therefore be a city of Woo. We saw on I. 2, that Ts'ae had requested that it might be allowed to remove within the limits of Woo. It would appear to have changed its purpose and wished to remain where Ts'oo had placed it, but Woo was not to be baulked, and accomplished the removal in the way which the Chuen narrates:-'Seeh Yung of Woo went to Ts'ae with the offerings of a complimentary visit, and at the same time accompanied by a small force. When his soldiers were all entered, and the people all knew it, the marquis of Ts'ze communicated with his great officers and put to death the Kung-tsze Sze, throwing the blame [of their having hesitated to remove] on him. He then wept at the tomba [of his ancestors], and carried their contents with him on his removal to Chow-lae.' Chow-lae was the 3d capital of Ts'ae. When king Woo invested his brother Too with Ts'as the capital was 上蔡 in the dis. still so called, * When all was over, Këen-tsze said, “ When I fell upon the quiver, I brought up blood, but still the sound of the drum did not diminish. My merit is at the top of this day's work." The prince [of Wei] said, "I saved you in the chariot, and made the enemies who were pressing about it retire. I stand at the top of the spearmen." Yëw Lëang said, “My two breast-dep. Joo-ning. Too rebelled, and was put to leathers were nearly broken, but I managed to death, but king Ch'ing restored Ts'ae to his son, prevent [the catastrophe]. 1 am at the top of and by and by the capital was removed to the charioteers." They yoked the chariot, and drove it over a [small] piece of wood, when the leathers both broke.' also in dis. of Joo-ning. The third removal was now to Chow-lae, which is often called Third year. 邾叔冬蔡秋季五師三 孫十八七 孫月圍年 州月,放月,宋斯辛戚。春 仇癸其丙樂叔卯 卯大子髡孫桓夏國 師州宫四夏 系 師仇僖月衞 伐帥宮甲石 卒。曹。師 師災。午,曼 地姑 震帥 5則大也,秋,六 己冬或夫,如則季月,劉海也乘 卯年. 犯十殺而朝肥孫氏也命車懊悔禮命月日 立告也有卯范於藏季守書周 矣 2.日,可.疾,周氏是象桓所官 出道乃今夫季命人世乎魏子不人待 発鞅討生子孫正殺為去日至 日,至,粉,肅 丑圍之矣,有卒常萇婚表 奔朝召男遺康日弘姻, 入己犯師而出癸丑奔邯鄲十一月趙鞅殺士臯夷惡范氏也 命御鐸齊, 歌正 正也言子無 萇豪 御有給 命書,火, 不俟火圍 懦共於踰戚 惟有宮公求 事還 象則幕當日,宮, 十於正告其位南 子氏在男 也。北 門 之與載女 之乘不救 故子槐命 周在至 在火 與陳日火公葺巾死者, III. 1 In the [duke's] third year, in spring, Kwoh Hea of Ts‘e 2 3 and Shih Man-koo of Wei led a force, and laid siege to Ts'eih. In summer, in the fourth month, on Keah-woo, there was In the fifth inonth, on Sin-maou, the temples of [dukes] 4 Ke-sun Sze and Shuh-sun Chow-k'ëw led a force, and wall 5 ed K'e-yang. Yoh K'wan of Sung led a force, and invaded Ts'aou. 6 In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ping-tsze, Ke-sun Sze died. 7 The people of Ts'ae banished their great officer Kung-sun 8 9 Lëeh to Woo. In winter, in the tenth month, on Kwei-maou, the earl of Shuh-sun Chow-kew and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, Par. 1. The Chuen says:- In spring, Ts'e and Wei laid siege to Ts'eih, and sought help from Chung-shan (The people of Seen-yu).' Ts'e had its grudge against Ts'eih, because Kwae-wae, who now held that place, had been a principal instrument of the defeat of the troops of Ching, and of the capture of the grain which Ts'e was trying to send to Chaou-ko. Wei, however, was principally concerned for the reduction of Ts'eih, because, while his father had a footing in the State, the new marquis Cheh could not consider his position secure. Down to the pres. day, critics take different sides on the question of the right to the State of Wei, whether it belonged to Kwae-wae, against the wish of his father, or to Cheh, Kwae-wae's son in opposition to him. See a partial decision of Confucius on the point, Ana. VII. xiv. Par. 2. See VI. ix. 11; et al. When Kung-foo Ming-pih arrived, he ordered the superintendent of the horses to have the carriages all yoked; and when Ke Hwan-tsze arrived, he drove the duke to the outside of the towers at the front gate, where the boards with the statutes on them were hung up. He gave orders to those who were trying to put out the fire, that, as soon as any of them were injured, they should stop, and let the things take their chance. He ordered [also] the boards with the statutes to be laid up, saying, "Ths old statutes must not be lost." When Foo-foo Hwae arrived, he said, "For the officers to try to deal with the fire, without making preparations [against its progress], is like trying to gather up water that has been spilt." On this they removed all the straw outside the fire, and cleared a way all round the palace. 'Confucius was then in Ch'in, and when he heard of the fire, he said, "It destroyed, I apprehend, the temples of Hwan and He." was Par. 4. K'e-yang (Kung has forw 15 le to the north of the pres. dep. city of E-chow. had been the capital city of the old State of Yu ), which was taken in Choo in the 18th year of Ch'aou. Choo was now obliged to yield it to Loo, and as it was near to Pe, it was probably appropriated by Ke-she. The fortifying it would be to provide against attempts to regain it by Choo, which might be expected to be assisted by Tsin. Par. 3. It is is not easy to account for the temples of Hwan and He being still continued. The ancestral temples of the States were restricted to 5 smaller temples, or shrine-houses; and the tablets of Hwan and He ought long ere this to have been removed to the special build-It ing appropriated to displaced tablets, and their places occupied by those of more recent marquises. Between Hwan and Gae there had been 9 rulers in Loo, and between He and him 6. Some critics think Loo maintained 7 shrinehouses, as the royal House did; but even this would not account for the temple of Hwan. It is easy to see why the great families should Par. 5. Yoh Ta-sin had fled from Sung to have preserved the temple of Hwan, or rather built another specially for him, as it was to him Ts'aou (XI. x. 8), and this may have been the that they all traced their lineage. However it ground for the present attack; which was folwas, the existence of these temples was irregu-lowed by others still more serious. lar; and now they were destroyed by fire, and according to Tso-she and the Kea Yu (), even Confucius saw in the event the judgment of Heaven. The Chuen says:-'In the 5th month, on Sin-maou, a fire broke out in the [small palace of] Sze-toh. It then passed over the duke's palace, and burnt the temples of Hwan and He. "The people who tried to put out the fire all cried out, "Look to the treasury." When Nankung King-shuh arrived, he ordered the officer in charge of the Chow [documents] to carry out the books which were read to the marquis, and to wait with them in the palace, saying to them, "See that you have all in your charge. If you are not there, you shall die." When Tsze-fuh Ming-pih came, he ordered an officer belonging to the Board of the chief minister to bring out the books of ceremony and to wait [further] orders, reminding him that if he did not obey the order, he was liable to the regular punishment. [He also ordered] the superintendent of the horses to have them arranged in teams, and the superintendent of the carriages to have the wheels all greased; the officers of the various departments to be all there; a careful guard to be maintained over the treasury and repositories; the subordinate officers gravely to contribute their service; curtains and tents to be soaked, and placed wherever the smoke was issuing; the palace and contiguous houses to be [also] covered with them; beginning at the grand temple, outside and inside, in due order, help to be given where it was needed; and all disobedience to suffer the regular penalties without forgiveness. intermarriages for generations between the [The Chuen appends here:-There had been families of Lew [in Chow] and Fan [in Tsin]; and Chang Hwang had been in the service of duke Wan of Lew. In consequence of this, Chow took the side of the Fan (in the struggles remonstrance, and in the 6th month, on Kweiin Tsin]. Chaou Yang made this the subject of maou, the people of Chow put Chang Hwăng to death."] Par. 6. The Chuen says:-'In autumn. Kesaying, "You must not die. If Nan Joo-tsze's sun was ill, and gave orders to Ching-chang child prove a boy, then inform the duke, and If it prove a girl, appoint him my successor. then you may appoint Fei." He died, and Kang-tsze (Fei) took his place; but after the burial, [once] when Kang-tsze was in the court, Nan-she gave birth to a boy, which Ching-chang carried to the court, where he said, "My master she gave birth to a boy, I should inform his left a charge with me, his groom, that if Nanlordship and the great officers of it, and appoint him his successor. Now she has given birth to a boy, and I venture to give the information." On this, he fled to Wei. K'ang-tsze asked leave to retire from his position, and the duke had put it to death. He caused the murderer sent Kung Löw to see the child, but some one to be punished, and then called Ching-chang [from Wei], but he would not return.' Par. 7. This Kung-sun Leeh would be a partizan of Kung-tsze Sze, mentioned in the last par. of last year. Par. 8. Loo seems to have been bent on the entire subjugation of Choo. [The Chuen turns here to the siege of Chaou- | gate, while he himself burst through the enemy ko:--‘In winter, in the 10th month, Chaou and got away. On Kwei-chow he fled to HanYang of Tsin laid siege to Chaou-ko, and lay in In the 11th month, Chaou Yang put to force on the south of it. Seun Yin attacked the outer suburbs, and made the troops [which were death Sze Kaou-e, such was his hatred of the tan. coming to his aid] enter the city by the north | Fan clan.'] 與孟不 不有倉 昔繪 克公射如以也年, 之趙然野 ̇士孟將好使 姓中而矢公蔡 城蔑日通 襲吳 梁乃公肘進,門 謂上 孫照 之 晉於同 將 多之 之翩侯 人.鮮時晉之臨,寅十月氏 遺邑師其 趙庚施秋,民,立於 鮮月,鞅午.衞七而 荀 盂,任, 欒國趙五跪齊俘以 於口,鄗夏降,鄲鹿陳以誘馬 楚與 子聽卜遂執之與 其五大夫以畀 楚 IV. 1 In the [duke's] fourth year, in spring, in the king's second month, on Kăng-seuh, a ruffian killed Shin, marquis of Ts'ae. 2 Kung-sun Shin of Ts'ae fled from that State to Woo. 3 4 An officer of Sung seized the viscount of Little Choo. 5 In summer, Ts'ae put to death its great officers, Kung-sun 6 An officer of Tsin seized Ch'ih, viscount of the Man Jung, 7 We walled our outer suburbs on the west. 8 9 In the sixth month, on Sin-ch'ow, the altar of Poh was burned. In autumn, in the eighth month, Këeh, viscount of Tăng, died. 10 In winter, in the twelfth month, there was the burial of duke Ch'aou of Ts'ae. 11 There was the burial of duke King of Tăng. Parr. 1, 2, 5. In par. 1. Kung-yang has for. Kung and Kuh-lëang have it for, which is probably the more correct reading. In VII. xvii. 2, we are told that 'Shin (Ħ), marquis of Ts'ae,' died, so that here is one of his descendants called by the same name; which is 'contrary to rule.' Twan Yuh-tsae says that the 'Historical Records' give Ħ instead of ; in the edition of that Work but there is no arrow at him, which hit him in the wrist, but Săng and Yu (I. q. Hoh in par. 5).' On see on IX. x. 8. Par. 3. The Chuen does not say anything on this event. Le Leen discerns in it an indication of the ambition of the duke of Sung, who, now that there was no acknowedged leader among the princes, had fallen to imitate the doings of his predecessor Seang. The idea of many critics, that the duke is condemned here by being called This spring, the marquis, is inadmissible; but how that term ought to be translated, by 'officer,' 'body of men,' or the people,' could only be determined by our knowing the circumstances in which the seizure took place. of Ts'ae was about to go to Woo, and all the great officers tried to prevent him from going, fearing there would be another removal of the capital. Kung-sun P'ëen pursued, and shot him, so that he entered into a house [on the way] and died. [Pëen] then took his station in the door of it, with two arrows on his string, and no one would venture to go forward to it. Wăn Che-k'eae, however, came up afterwards, and said, "Let us advance like a wall; at the most, he can kill but two men.' He then advanced with his bow in his hand. P'een discharged an |