Yang entered Këang, and made a covenant in the marquis's palace.' We are left to form our own judgment on this event. The Kang-he editors say that it is recorded by the sage to condemn the marquis of Tsin for failing to punish Chaou Yang. Many critics have sought to vindicate the pardon and restoration of Yang on various grounds. The probability is that the marquis could not help himself, but was obliged to do as the great chiefs told him. The narratives about Yang bring before us, however, very distinctly, the six families which now divided the power of Tsin; those of Chaou, Han, Wei, Che, Fan, and Chung-hang. We see also premonitions of the rise of the former three over the latter. A shadow is thrown before of the division of the great State of Tsin into the three States of Chaou, Han, and Wei. Par. 8. The succession of Pe to Sëeh was noticed on the 1st and 2d parr. of last year. Not one of the Chuen says anything of the circumstances of his death or murder, as the text calls it. He was followed by his son E, duke Hwuy (惠公夷) [The Chuen gives here the following narrative about Wei:- Before this, Kung-shuh Wăntsze of Wei went to court, and begged that duke Ling would accept an entertainment from him. As he was retiring, he saw the historiographer Tsëw, and told him, who said, “ You are sure to meet with misfortune. You are rich, and the ruler is covetous. Some offence will be charged against you." "Yes," replied Wăn-tsze, "it was my fault that I did not tell you before. But the ruler has promised; what is to be done ?” “There is no harm," said the historiographer. "Deport yourself as a subject, and you will escape. When a rich man can so deport himself, he will escape danger. It is thus with both high and low. But [your son] Shoo is proud, and is like to come to ruin. There are few who are rich without being proud. You are the only exception that I have seen. There has never been a case of a proud man, who did not come to ruin. Shoo is sure to fall into calamity." When Wăn-tsze was dead, the marquis of Wei began to hate Kung-shuh Shoo,-because of his riches. Shoo also wished to send away the partizans of the marchioness (The famous Nan Tsze. See Ana. VI. xxvi.), and she accused him of intending to produce an insurrection.'] Fourteenth year. 衞衞 天公 吳*五子子衞計 公世王至子月牂結越有 子使自光於歸。陳陽四 會。卒。越 公出年 衞公孟彄出奔鄭 鄭。 宋 秋 敗 夏猻 吳衞佗宋 齊會于人, 叔 脤侯齊機宮帥 VOL. V. 宋侯李師 月,戍 來滅 公衞 會侯 于于 洮。率。 宋公之 左傳日十四年春酯侯逐公权成與其然故趙陽奔未成來有 ⊕梁嬰父恶董安于謂知文日不安于使終爲政於趙氏趙氏必得晉國盍以其先發難 也討於趙氏文子使告於趙孟日范中行氏雖信爲亂安于則發之是安于與謀亂也晉國有 命始鹂者死二子既伏其罪矣敢以告趙孟患之安于日我死而晉國寧趙氏定將焉用 吾死莫矣乃缢而死趙孟尸諸市而告於知氏日主命戮罪人安于既伏其罪矣敢以 告知伯從趙孟盟而後趙氏定祀安于於廟 十四章 頓子牂欲事晉背楚而陳好二月楚滅頓 夏衛北宮結來奔公叔戍之故也 邾子來 城莒父 及 零。 吳伐越越子勾踐禦之陳於榫李勾踐患吳之整也使死士再禽焉不動使罪人三行屬劍於 頊而辭日二君有治臣奸旗鼓不敏於君之行前不敢逃刑敢歸死遂自剄也師屬之目越子 因而伐之大敗之靈姑浮以戈擊闔廬闔廬傷將指取其一屦還卒於陘去橋李七里夫差使 人立於庭苟出入必謂己日夫差而忘越王之殺而從乎則對日唯不敢忘三年乃報 晉人圍朝歌公會齊侯衛侯於脾上梁之間謀救范中行氏析成鮒小王桃甲率狄師以晉 戰於絳中不克而還士鮒奔周小王桃甲入於朝歌 秋齊侯宋公會于洮范氏故也 衚侯爲夫人南子召宋朝會于洮犬子蒯瞶獻孟於齊過宋野野人歌之日既定爾婓豬盍區 吾艾猳大子羞之謂戲陽速日從我而朝少君少君見我我顧乃殺之速曰諾乃朝夫人夫人 見犬子犬子三顧速不進夫人見其色啼而走日蒯聵將殺余公執其手以登臺 范 之晉 氏彊師 XIV. 1 2 3 諺而以於其犬人速 日,弗余余母子日、 義民爲說,若余無犬 告鄭 逐其黨故 也保以余殺不道子戲人自故 於是夫許使 日,鄭公 信,余故人,將余禍速戲奔孟 吾死許將戕殺余告陽齊.彄 In the [duke's] fourteenth year, in spring, Kung-shuh Chaou Yang of Wei fled from that State to Sung. In the second month, the Kung-tsze Keeh of Ts'oo, and the Kung-sun T'o-jin of Ch'in, led a force and extinguished Tun, carrying Tsang, the viscount of Tun, back with them [to Ts'oo.] 4 In summer, Pih-kung Këeh of Wei came a fugitive to Loo. 5 In the fifth month, Yu-yueh defeated Woo at Tsuy-le. 6 Kwang, viscount of Woo, died. 7 8 The duke had a meeting with the marquises of Ts'e and The duke arrived from the meeting. 9 In autumn, the marquis of Ts'e and the duke of Sung had a meeting in T'aou. 10 The king [by] Heaven's [grace] sent Shih Shang to Loo with a present of the flesh of sacrifice. 11 Kwae-wae, heir-son of Wei, fled from that State to Sung. 12 Kung-măng K'ow of Wei fled from that State to Ch'ing. 13 Shin, younger brother of the duke of Sung, came a fugitive to Loo from Seaou. 14 There was a grand review in P'e-p'oo. 15 The viscount of Shoo came and had a meeting with the duke. 16 We walled Keu-foo and Sëaou. Parr. 1, 2. We have here the sequel of the narrative at the end of last year. The Chuen says here:-This spring, the marquis of Wei drove out Kung-shuh Shoo and his partizans, in Consequence of which Chaou Yang fled to Sung, and Shoo came a fugitive to Loo.' Kung and Kuh both have, in par. 2, for misled, probably, by the in parr. 5 and 7 of last year. [The Chuen appends here a continuation of affairs in Tsin:Leang Ying-foo hated Tung Gan-yu, and said to Che Wan-tsze (Seun Leih), "If you do not kill Gan-yu, but allow him to continue to direct the affairs of the Chaou family, Chaou-she is sure to get the State of Tsin; why not require Chaou-she to punish him, on the ground that he was the first to excite our [recent] troubles?" Wan-tsze sent a representation to that effect to Chaou-she, saying, "Although the Fan and the Chung-hang did really rise in insurrection, yet it was Gan-yu who provoked them. He was chargeable with the same crime as they. It is a law of Tsin that they who commence to disturb the peace should die. Those two chiefs have suffered for their crime; and I venture to submit the case to you." Chaou-măng was troubled about the matter, but Gan-yu said, "If by my death the State of Tsin get repose, and the Chaou family be established, why should I live? What man must not die? I shall [only] die [too] late." Accordingly he strangled himself. Chaou-măng exposed his body in the market-place, and sent word to Che-she, saying, “You ordered me to put to death the criminal Gan-yu. He bas suffered for his crime, and I presume to inform you of it." Che Pih made a covenant in consequence with Chaou-măng, and then the Chaou family was established, and sacrificed to Gan-yu in its ancestral temple.'] Par. 3. Tun had long been subservient to Ts'oo, and obedient to its call; but we saw in the 4th year how it transferred its allegiance to Tsin; and it now suffered for doing so. Ch'in however, was then among the revolters from T's'oo, and here we find it aiding that State in its vengeance upon Tun. It must have found means to make its peace for the time with its powerful superior. Kung-yang has here ing with the marquises of Ts'e and Wei, between P'e and Shang-lëang, to take counsel about relieving the chiefs of the Fan and Chunghang clans (See par. 6 of last year). Foo of Seih-ching and Seaou-wang Taou-këah led a force of Teih to surprise [the capital of] Tsin, and fought in it, but were unsuccessful and retired. Sze Foo fled to Chow, and Seaou-wang Taou-këah entered Chaou-ko.' Par. 9. Taou,—see V. viii. 1. This meeting, like the one at Keen, was on account of the Fan family, and other revolters in Tsin. The K'ang-he editors say, At this time, Wei had its difficulties with Kung-shuh Shoo, and Sung its difficulties with the Kung-tsze Shin. [Duke] King of Ts'e could not settle their disorders for those States, but took counsel with their rulers how they could help the revolted subjects of Tsin. Wei and Sung, unable themselves to bring their own revolted subjects to order, could do nothing but follow Ts'e;-they were all of them wrong.' Par. 10. is the clan name, and [] is the name; from which the critics conclude the envoy must have been simply of the rank of an officer (天王之士). 脤 is the name Par. 4. Tso observes that Pih-kung Këeh now fled to Loo, on account of [the affair of] Kungshuh Shoo. Nan Tsze was the cause of all the disturbances of Wei. Kaou Kang says, "Duke Ling of Wei gave ear implicitly to what was told him in the harem. It was thus he sent out as fugitives the hereditary servants of the State, and of the flesh used by the king in sacrifice all who favoured them. The State in fact was thus placed by him at the disposal of his haren. ;-especially of that offered at the into the shell of a large bivalve, and sent round altar of the land. A portion of this was put to the different princes of the surname Ke. The bivalve was called, and hence the flesh thus sent got the name of. There has been no mention of any complimentary visit from the court of Chow to Loo since the 10th year of duke Seuen. How it came to observe this special rule just at this time, it is not worth while to consider; but as Confucius had a short time before this left Loo, because the duke did not observe the rule of sending portions of the sacrificial flesh to his great officers, that circumstance may have led him to give the event of the text a place in the Ch'un Ts'ëw. 推 Parr. 5, 6. Kung-yang has for Tsuy-le was in Woo;-45 le south of the pres. dis, city of Kea-hing) dep. Keadep. Këahing, Cheh-keang. The Chuen says:-Woo invaded Yueh, and was met by Kow-tseen, viscount of Yueh. The two armies were drawn up at Tsuy-le, when Kow-tseen, distressed by the order and steadiness of the troops of Woo, sent a body of men resolved to sell their lives, who made two daring attempts to break in upon them, but they did not move from their place. He [then] sent three lines of criminals, who held swords to their throats, and addressed their opponents, saying, "Your ruler and ours are here in the field of battle, and we are servants who have violated [the laws of his] flags and drums. We are here iaactive before your ruler's ranks, and do not dare to flee from the punishment [which is our due]; we dare to go home to death." And with this they all cut their throats. The army of Woo was looking at them with fixed eyes, when the viscount of Yueh took the opportunity, and made an attack which was the prelude to a great defeat. Ling Koo-fow struck Hoh-leu with a great lance, and cut off one of his great toes, and carried away one of his shoes. [The Par. 11. The Chuen says:-'The marquis of Wei, to gratify his wife Nan Tsze, had invited Chaou of Sung (Her brother) to his court. At the meeting at Taou, Kwae-wae, eldest son of the marquis, had presented [the city of] Yu to Ts'e; and as he was [returning] through the country of Sung, the country-people sang to him, "Since you have allayed the heat of your sow, Why not send back our old boar ?" viscount of Woo] then retreated and died at Hing, The prince was ashamed, and said to Suh of 7 le from Tsuy-le. Foo-ch'ae [his son] made a man stand in his court, and say to him, when-He-yang, "Follow me, when I visit the duchess; ever he came out or went in, "Foo-ch'ae, have and when she sees me, and I look round, do you you forgotten that the king of Yueh killed your accordingly went to the court of the marchioness, kill her." Suh agreed to this. The prince father?" to whom he would reply, "Here I am. I dare not forget it." Three years after this he thrice, Suh did not advance. The marchioness who saw him, but though he looked round repaid Yueh for the affair.' observed his countenance, burst into tears, and ran off, crying, "The prince is going to kill me." The marquis took her by the hand, and went up with her into a tower. [On this] the prince Par. 7. Kung-yang has for. The place was in Wei;-in the pres. dis. of Seun (), dep. Wei-hwuy, Ho-nan. The object of fled to Sung, and all belonging to his party the meeting was to relieve the siege of Chaou- were driven out of the State. It was in conseko, as the Chuen says:-The men of Tsin were quence of this that Kung-măng Kow fled to besieging Chaou-ko, when the duke had a meet-Ching, and from Ching to Tse. "The prince said to people that Suh of He-pare III. xxiii. 7, where a visit is paid to duke yang had been the occasion of his calamity, but Chwang at Kuh. Then the ceremonies of a Suh [on the other hand] told people that the prince had brought calamity on him. “Concourt visit were observed, however, and we have trary to all principle," he said, "the prince instead of. wanted me to kill his mother, and said that if I did not consent he would kill me. If I had killed the marchioness, he would have thrown Par. 16. Keu-foo and Sëaou were two cities of Loo, in the pres. Keu Chow, dep. E-chow the blame on me. I agreed to do it therefore, (沂州). Loo walled these two places, in but did not do it, wishing to defer my death. The common saying is that people preserve themselves by good faith. I hold that the good faith must be in regard to what is righteous."' Par. 12. See the preceding narrative. Par. 13. See X. 12 and XI. 1. Why Shin alone of all the insurgents in Seaou fled from Sung, if indeed it were so, we do not know. Par. 14. See par. 3 of last year. case of hostilities from Tsin, whose superiority it no longer acknowledged. The character for in the winter' it will be observed, has somehow been omitted or lost from the paragraphs of this year. [The Chuen appends here:-'In winter, in the 12th month, the men of Tsin defeated the forces of Fan-she and Chung-hang-she at Loo, and captured Tseih Tsin and Kaou K'ëang. Par. 15. It is to be understood that it was to They also defeated the forces of Ching and of Pre-p'oo that the viscount of Choo came. Com-| Fan-she at Pih-ts'euen.’] Fifteenth year. 辛县、九姒渠鄭夏二緜 巳雨,月氏蔭罕五月鼠有 葬不滕卒。 達月辛食五 定克子 邾師辛丑郊年 章 姒葬來入子師亥楚牛春 戊會月來伐郊子牛王 五 冬 午葬。庚奔宋 滅死,正 辰喪。 壬胡吹月 齊,以下邾 漆。下丁搠. 丁謝 巳,日秋侯、公胡牛。子 乃葬有七衞薨子 克我食月侯于豹 葬君之壬次高歸 定 申于寢 朝。 |