TING 25 事也且襯象不出門嘉樂不野合響而既具是棄禮也若其不具用秕稗也用秕稗君辱樂禮名惡子盍圖之 夫享所以昭德也不昭不如其已也乃不果享 初叔孫成子欲立武叔公若藐固諫曰不可成子立之而卒公南使賊射之不能殺公南爲馬正使公若為 秋二子及齊師復圍郈弗克叔孫謂郈工師駟赤日郈非唯叔孫氏之憂社稷之患也將若之何對日臣之業 石以 君君所際 陳君 冬 辰, 辰爲之請弗聽辰日是我送吾兄也吾 彄.國 以故在叔 武止過獵而使魋 竟,而 奔出, 爲事君助之於 君 寡夫封君他齊 誰聽君不疆憂 賜。 ş於齊齊侯享之日子叔孫若使 獨 卑 必 魋 公有弟 頗 地焉日, 之。 而泣之目盡甌母弟辰日子分室以與 使其徒扶魋而奪之魋懼將走公閉門 魋欲之公取而朱其尾鬣以與之地怒 魋,以 佗. X. 1 隸望敝若 也,勤也,邑使 弗不與門怒 In the [duke's] tenth year, in spring, in the king's third month, we made peace with Ts'e. 2 In summer, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts'e at Këah-kuh. 3 4 5 The duke caine from Këah-kuh. Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and laid siege to [the capital of] Wei. An officer came from Ts'e and restored [to us] Yun, Hwan, and the lands of Kwei-yin. 6 Shuh-sun Chow-k'ew and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and laid siege to How. 7 8 10 In autumn, Shuh-sun Chow-k'ew and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and laid siege to How. Yoh Ta-sin of Sung fled from that State to Ts'aou. 9 The Kung-tsze Te of Sung fled from that State to Ch'in. 11 Shuh-sun Chow-k'ëw went to Ts'e. 12 Shin, a younger brother of the duke of Sung, with Chung T'o and Shih K'ow, fled from that State to Ch'in. Par. 1. For 8 years now there had been hostilities between Loo and Ts'e, which were happily terminated by this peace. The influence of Confucius was now felt in the councils of Loo, and many of the critics ascribe the peace, with probability, to that. In the omission of A before, Le Leen sees an intimation that the peace was desired by the whole State; but when some other critics would press the 及, as indicating that the peace was agreed to by Ts'e at the earnest instance of Loo, he demurs to such a view as inconsistent with the calm dignity of the sage. Par. 2. For 夾 Kung-yang has 頰. The situation of Kea-kuh is not positively deter mined, and it has been assigned to three differ ent places. The K'ang-he editors incline to place it in the dis. of Lae-woo (萊蕪), dep. Tae-gan. The object of the meeting was, no doubt, to confirm the peace which had been agreed upon. The Chuen says: - In summer, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tse at Chuhk'e, i. e., Këah-kuh, when Kung Kew attended him as director [of the ceremonies]. Le Me had said to the marquis, " Kung Këw is ac quainted with ceremonies, but has no courage. If you employ some of the natives of Lae to come with weapons and carry off the marquis of Loo, you will get from him whatever you wish." The marquis of Ts'e had arranged accordingly, but Kung K'ëw withdrew with the duke, saying, "Let the soldiers smite those [intruders]. You and the marquis of Ts'e are met on terms of friendship, and for those captives from the distant barbarous east to throw the meeting into confusion with their weapons is not the way to get the States to receive his commands. Those distant people have nothing to do with our great land; those wild tribes must not be permitted to create disorder among our flowery States; captives in war should not break in upon a covenant; weapons of war should not come near a friendly meeting. As before the Spirits, such a thing is inauspicious; in point of virtue, it is contrary to what is right; as between man and man, it is a failure in propriety: the ruler [of Ts'e] must not act thus." When the marquis heard this, he instantly ordered the Lae-ites away. 'When they were about to covenant together, the people of Ts'e added to the words of the covenant these sentences, "Be it to Loo according to [the curses of] this covenant, if, when the army of Ts'e crosses its own borders, it do not follow us with 300 chariots of war." On this Kung Kew made Tsze Woo-seuen reply with a bow, "And so be it also to Ts'e, if without restoring to us the lands of Wan-shang you expect us to obey your orders!" The marquis of Ts'e wanted to give an entertainment to the duke, but K'ung K'ëw said to Leang-k'ew Keu, "Are you not acquainted with former transactions between Ts'e and Loo? The business is finished, and now to have an entertainment besides would only be troubling the officers. Our cups of ceremony, moreover, do not cross our gates, and our admirable instruments of music are not fit for the wild country. An entertainment at which things were not complete would be a throwing away of the [proper] ceremonies. If things were not complete, it would be like employing chaff and pae [instead of the good grain]. Such employment would be disgraceful to our rulers; and to throw away the proper ceremonies would be to bring a bad report [upon our meeting]; why should you not consider the matter? An entertainment answers the purpose of displaying virtue; if that be not displayed, it is better to have no entertainment." Ping-chang says, 'Tso-she was well acquainted with the history of Confucius in Loo;-he had heard and seen the facts. What other testimony can be needed to support his, as if he were speaking of things strange and beyond the sphere of his own knowledge?' Par. 4. This siege was to be revenged on Wei for the taking of E-e in the autumn of last year. The Chuen says:-"Last year when the marquis of Wei had attacked Woo, the commandant of Han-tan, in Han-she (I. q. ), he raised a wall to the north-west of that city, and guarded it, in consequence of which the inhabitants dispersed in the night. [In consequence of this], Woo now attacked the west gate of the capital of Wei, having 70 footmen with him, and killed a man right in the gate, saying, "Allow me to repay you for the affair of Hanshe." Sheh To said to him, "You are indeed a man of courage; but if I go, they will not dare to open the gate." Accordingly he also attacked the gate next morning, having with him 70 footmen, whom he arranged on the right and left, where they all stood like trees till noon, when they retired, the gate not having been opened. When the expedition returned, the people of Tsin discussed the cause of Wei's revolt, and it was said that it was occasioned by Sheh To and Ching Ho. On this they laid hold on Sheh T'o, and asked Wei, [in consideration of their doing so], to come to a good understanding proceeded to put Sheh To to death, while with them; and when Wei refused to do so, they Ch'ing Ho fled to Yen. "The superior man will say that this was an illustration of the saying that they who cast propriety away shall have a different fate from other men. The ode (She, I. iv. ode VIII. 3) says, "If a man observes not the rules of propriety, Why does he not quickly die?" Sheh T'o did die quickly.' Par. 5. Kung and Kuh have instead of 範, and Kuh has between 陰 and 田 This is the sequel to par. 2, the result of the meeting at Keah-kuh. Yun, Hwan, and Kweiyin constituted what were called the lands of Wăn-shang. Yun has often occurred. Hwan, - see on II. iii. 6. We might translate by 'the lands on the north of mount Kwei;' 'Accordingly the purpose of an entertainment which mount lies between the dis. of Sin-t'ae was not carried into effect.' (新泰), The substance of the above narrative is given by Kuh-leang, with the embellishment of a jester whom Ts'e sent to dance before the tent of the marquis of Loo; but the Kang-he editors here reject both the Chuen, as derogatory to Confucius, and licentious additions of romancists. They have the authority for doing so of Choo He, and other Sung scholars; but the objections are mainly based on the inconsistency of the narrative with what they think Ts'e was likely to do in the circumstances, and what they feel sure Confucius would have done. Surely something like what Tso-she tells us did take place at Keah-kuh. We may believe that he has given us what was the current tradition about the meeting soon after it was held: Keang thing is clear enough in Tso-she's narrative, shway, dep. Yen-chow. Ts'e, we were told under par. 1 of the 7th year, restored Yun to Loo; but when Yang Hoo fled to Ts'e, he had again delivered it to that State in the 8th year, as well as the other places mentioned. Parr. 6, 7. How was the principal city of the Shuh-sun family, and was at this time held in revolt by one of its retainers. In par. 7, Kungyang has instead of ; but his text must be wrong. Perhaps the two paragraphs follow ing one another, identical save in one character, made him think the fl was a mistake; but the The Chuen says, "Before this, when Shuh, great alarm, got between the buff-coats and the sun Ching-tsze wanted to appoint Woo-shuh gate, and held How Fan in siege. Ch'ih prohis successor, Kung-joh Mëaou remonstrated strongly, and urged him not to do so. Ching- posed shooting at them, but Fan stopped him, tsze, however, made the appointment, and died saying, "Try to get me off." He then asked to [soon after]. Kung-nan then employed a ruffian be allowed to leave the place, which the people to shoot Meaou, but he did not succeed in killing granted. Ch'ih preceded him to Suh, and Fan him. Kung-nan was superintendent of [Shuh-himself went last of all. Whenever he went sun's] horses, and sent Kung-joh to be commandant of How. out at a gate, the people shut it. When he had 'When Woo-shuh was established in his got to the gate in the suburbs, they stopped position, he employed the superintendent of his him saying, "You are going away with the horses in How, called How Fan, to kill Kung-buff-coats of the Shuh-sun family. If the offi joh. He was not able to do so; but one of his grooms said [to Shuh-sun], "I will pass by the court of audience, carrying a sword. Kung-joh will be sure to ask whose it is. I will tell him it is yours, and as he will [want to] look at it, I will pretend to be stupid, and hand it to him with the point turned towards him; and in this way I can kill him." [Shuh-sun] told the man to do as he proposed; and when Kung-joh was saying, "Do you want to deal with me as the king of Woo was dealt with (See IX. xxix. 4)?" the other killed him. [On this], How Fan took possession of How, and held it in revolt. Wooshuh and E-tsze (Ho-ke) laid siege to it, but could not reduce it. In autumn they laid siege to it again, having with them an army of Ts'e, but were again unable to take it, Shuh-sun said to Sze Chih, superintendent of the mechanics of How, "The place is not only an occasion of grief to our own family, but also a source of distress to the whole State; what is to be done?" Chih replied, My duty is ip four words of the last stanza of the Yang-shwuy (She, I. x. ode III. 3. The words are, "I have heard your orders."), on which Shuh-sun bowed to him with his head to the ground. [Soon after], Ch'ih said to How Fan, "It will not do for you to dwell here between Ts'e and Loo, and not be serving either of them. Why not ask to be allowed to do service to Ts'e, and so present yourself to the people with its authority? If you do not do so, they will revolt from you." 'How Fan took his advice, and [ere long] a messenger arrived from Ts'e, for whom Sze Chih and some others spread the report through the city, that How Fan was going to exchange How for a city in Ts'e, and that Ts'e would remove to it the people of How. The people were indignant and frightened, on which Ch'ih said to How Fan, "The people talk differently from what they did. You had better make an exchange with Ts'e. That is better than dying here. It will be another How, and you will be at ease there; why must you stick to this city? The people of Ts'e wish to have this, and so be near to [the capital of] Loo; they will be sure to give you as much territory again. And why not place a large number of buff-coats near your gate, to be prepared for any unexpected movement ?" "Very well," said How Fan, and accordingly he placed a number of buffcoats [at his gate]. He [also] asked leave of Ts'e to make an exchange with it of How, and [it was arranged that] a commissioner should come from that State to view the city. Just before his arrival, Chih sent men to run about everywhere, crying out, “The army of Ts'e is come." The people were in cers require them from us, we are afraid we shall have to die." Sze Ch'ih said (He must have returned from Suh), “Shuh-sun's buffcoats have their own mark. We do not dare to take them with us." How Fan said to him, "Do you stop, and number them with them." Ch'ih accordingly stayed, and delivered the buff-coats to the men of Loo. How Fan fled to Ts'e, and the people of that State gave the city over to Loo.' for. See Par. 8. Kung-yang has the 1st narr. appended to par, 1 of last year, where this par. is anticipated. Parr. 9, 12. Here and afterwards, Kungyang has for, as the name of the prince. Both he and Shin were brothers of the duke. After in par. 12 Kung and Kuh introduce a宋 The Chuen says:-"The Kung-tsze Te of Sung was so much attached to Keu Foo-leeh, that he divided his property into 11 parts, and gave him 5 of them. He had 4 white horses, which the duke's favourite Heang Tuy wanted to get; and the duke gave them to him, having coloured their manes and tails red. Te was enraged, and made his servants beat Tuy, and take the horses from him. Tuy was afraid, and going to run away, when the duke shut his gate, and wept over him, till his eyes were quite swollen. "Te's own brother Shin, said to him, "You divided your property, and gave [half] to Lech, That you should make an exception of Tuy, and humiliate him, was an act of partiality. You must show respect to the ruler. If you just cross the borders, he will be sure to send and stop you." [On this] Te fled to Chin, without the duke's stopping him; and when Shin interceded for him, the duke would not listen to him. Shin then said, "It was I who deceived my elder brother. If I leave the State taking the people with me, whom will you have to stop with you?" In winter he left and fled to Chin, along with Chung To and Shih Kow.' Par. 10. Kung-yang has simply for Where Gan-poo was has not been ascer tained. The meeting of the three States shows how disaffection to Tsin continued to grow, and the dread of it to become less. Par. 11. This visit was no doubt to express the acknowledgments of Loo for the surrender to it of How, and for other favours received from Tse during the year. The Chuen says: Wooshuh went on a complimentary visit to Ts'e, when the marquis entertained him, and said to him, “ Sir Shuh-sun, if How had been in another part of your ruler's State, I should have taken no knowledge of it; but as it immediately adjoins my own State, I assisted your ruler in his trouble about it." Woo-shuh replied, “That was not what my ruler expected. His service of your lordship depends on his [command of his] territories, and the [stability of his]altars. How dared I trouble your lordship's officers with my domestics? And a bad subject is an object of indignation to all under heaven;-your lordship should not consider what you did as a special gift to my ruler.", Eleventh year. 如冬曹秋夏叛。自佗、公 鄭及入 四月 秋宋樂大心自 心從之大 叛秋樂大 陳石 有 也,寵大 子佗、弟 大 XI. 1 In the [duke's] eleventh year, in spring, Shin, younger 2 3 4 brother of the duke of Sung, with Chung T'o, Shih K'ow, and the Kung-tsze Te, [returning] from Ch'in, entered Seaou, and held it in revolt. It was summer, the fourth month. In autumn, Yoh Ta-sin entered Sëaou from Ts'aou. In winter, we made peace with Ch'ing, and Shuh Seuen proceeded thither to make a covenant. Parr. 1, 3. Here we find all who were de- | scribed as flying from Sung last year returning to it in a way which was, as Tso-she says, ' very distressing to Sung, and all because of the duke's favouritism for Hëang Tuy.' In par. 1 a prominence in the return and revolt is given to the Kung-tsze Shin. Sëaou,-see V. xxx. 6. It was then a small attached State of Sung, having been raised to that distinction about the 12th year of Chwang. This State was exting. uished by Ts'oo in the 12th year of Seuen, and Seaou became again a simple city of Sung. Par. 4. Shuh Seuen was the successor to Shuh E, whose death is mentioned in X. xxix. 3, as Head of the Shuh family. Tso-she observes that in this peace and covenant Loo took its first public step in revolting from Tsin. It had made an incursion into Ching in the duke's 6th year at the requisition of Tsin. |