其不本蹶是子孔不悼子石母 XIX. 1 2 The people of Tsin seized and held the viscount of Choo. 3 The duke arrived from the invasion of Ts'e. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 We took the lands of Choo as far as from the K'oh-water. There was the burial of duke Ch'ing of Ts'aou. In summer, Sun Lin-foo of Wei led a force and invaded Ts'e. In autumn, in the seventh month, on Sin-maou, Hwan, marquis of Ts'e, died. Sze Kae of Tsin led a force to make an invasion into Ts'e, and had arrived at Kuh, when he heard of the death of the marquis, on which he returned. In the eighth month, on Ping-shin, Chung-sun Mëeh died. 11 Ts'e put to death its great officer, Kaou How. 12 Ch'ing put to death its great officer, the Kung-tsze Kea. 13 In winter there was the burial of duke Ling of Ts'e. 14 We walled round our western suburbs. 15 Shuh-sun P'aou had a meeting with Sze Kae of Tsin in Ko. We walled Woo-shing. 16 Par. 1. Chuh-ko (Kung-yang has for 柯) was in Ts'e,—in the pres, dis, of Changts'ing(), dep. Tse-nan. We see from the Chuen that it was also called Tuh-yang. The princes in the text are those who had been engaged in the campaign against Tse. The Chuen says: The princes returned from the country about the E (see the Chuen on xviii. 4, at the end), and made a covenant in Tuhyang, to the effect that the great States should make no raids on the small.' The news from Ching of its being invaded by Ts'oo had rendered it necessary to give up further operations against Ts'e. Par. 2. They seized,' says Tso-she, duke Taou of Choo, because he had invaded us (see xvii. 8). His father had been seized for the same reason in the duke's 16th year; and we are astonished both at the persistent hostility of Choo and Keu to Loo in defiance of Tsin, and at Loo's inability to defend itself. l'ar. 3. The critics have much to say on its being stated here that the duke came from the 'invasion,' and not from the siege of the capital of T's'e; but the truth seems simply to be that the siege was merely an incident of the invasion. Par. 4. The Koh ran through Choo, and flowing along the south of Loo, fell into the Sze (),—in the pres. dis. of Yu-t'ae. Comp. VIII. ii. 7; but the phrase,―lands of Choo,' would indicate that they had never belonged to Loo, though the Chuen seems to say so. It is a con tinuation of that on par. 2, and says:-They then halted near the Sze, and defined the boundary of our lands, taking those of Choo from the K'oh-water, and giving them ( back to us. The marquis of Tsin then returned before (his army) to his capital, and the duke gave an entertainment to the six generals of Tsin in the Poo orchard, giving to each of them the robes of a minister of three degrees; while to the controller of the army, the marshal, the superintendent of entrenchments, the master of carriages, and the scoutmaster, he gave the robes of an officer of one degree (see the Chuen after VIII. ii. 4). On Seun Yen he further conferred a bundle of silks, a peih, and 4 horses, followed by the tripod which Loo had received from Show-mung of Wei. 'Seun Yen was now suffering from an ulcer, which grew upon his head; and after crossing the Ho as far as Choo-yung, he was quite ill, and his eyes protruded. The great officers who had returned before him all came back, and Sze Kae begged an interview with him which he did not grant. He then begged to know who should be his successor, and Yen said, "My son by the daughter of Ching." In the 2d month, on Keah-yin, he died with his eyes protruding, and his teeth firmly closed. Seuen-tsze (Szo Kae), washed [his face], and stroked it, saying, "Shall I not serve Woo (Yen's son) as I have served you?" but still he stared. Lwan Hwaetsze (Ying) said, "Is it because he did not complete his undertaking against Tse?" And he also stroked [his face], saying, "If you are indeed dead, let the Ho witness if I do not carry on your undertaking against Ts'e!" The eyes of the corpse then closed, and the [customary] gem was put between the teeth. When Scuentsze left the apartment, he said, "I am but a shallow creature (with reference to what he had said to the corpse)." Par. 5. The Chuen says: 'Ke Woo-tsze went to Tsin, to give thanks for the expedition [against Ts'e], when the marquis entertained him. Fan Seuen-tsze, who was [now] principal minister, sang the Shoo mëaou (She, II. viii. ode III.). Ke Woo-tsze rose up, bowed twice with his head to the ground, and said, "The small States depend on your great State as all the kinds of grain depend on the fattening rains. If you will always dispense such a cherishing influence, the whole kingdom will harmoniously unite under you, and not our poor State only!" He then sang the Luh Yueh (She, II. iii. ode III.).' Par. 7. Sun Lin-foo had a reason for attacking Ts'e, because K'an, whom he had driven from Wei, had taken refuge there. It would appear, however, that Tsin also took part in this expedition. The Chuen says:-'Lwan Fang of Tsin led a force, and followed Sun Wăntsze in an incursion into Ts'e.' Lwan Fang was sent on this expedition, it is supposed, through the influence of Lwan Ying, to fulfil the oath which he had sworn to the corpse of Seun Yen. [The Chuen appends here:-'Ke Woo-tsze had a bell, toned to the second note of the chromatic scale, cast from the weapons which he had acquired in Ts'e, and had the services performed by Loo engraved upon it. Tsang Woo-chung said to him, "This is contrary to rule. What should be engraved [on such articles] is-for the son of Heaven, his admirable virtue; for the prince of a State, a record of his services estimated according to the season in which they have been performed; for a great officer, his deeds worthy of being mentioned. And such deeds are the lowest degree [of merit so commemorated]. If we speak of the time [of this expedition], it very much interfered with [the husbandry of] the people; what was there in it worthy of being engraved? Moreover, when a great State attacks a small one, and takes the spoils to make an article, the regular furniture [of the ancestral Since Kwang was declared your successor, he has been numbered among them; and now to displace him without any cause is to take it on yourself to degrade a prince. Your lordship will be sure to repent of incurring, in such a difficult matter, the charge of doing what is inauspicious." The marquis replied that the thing rested entirely with himself, and sent Kwang away to the east. At the same time he appointed Kaou How grand-tutor to Ya, whom he declared to be his successor, with Suh-sha Wei as assistant-tutor. When the marquis was ill, Ts'uy Ch'oo privately brought Kwang back to the capital; and when the marquis became very ill, Ch'oo raised Kwang to be his successor. Kwang then put Jung Tsze to death, and exposed her body in the court,-which was contrary to rule. A wife should not be subjected to the [ordinary] punishments; and if it be necessary to punish her, the thing should not be done in the court or the market place. 'In summer, in the 5th month, on Jin-shin, the last day of the moon, duke Ling of Ts'e died. Duke Chwang (Kwang) took his place, and seized Ya on the mound of Kow-tow. As he held that the substitution of him in his own place had been owing to Suh-sha Wei, Wei fled to Kaou-t'ang, and held it in revolt.' Par. 9. The Chuen says:-Sze Kae of Tsin was making an incursion into Ts'e, and had got as far as Kuh, when he heard of the death of the marquis and returned;-which was according to rule.' Kuh,-see III. vii. 4, et al. [The Chuen says:-'In the 4th month, on Ting-we, the Kung-sun Ch'ae of Ch'ing died, and the news of his death was sent to the great officers of Tsin. Fan Seuen-tsze (Sze Kae) spoke to the marquis about how well Ch'ae had behaved in the invasion of Tsin, on which the marquis made a request to the king, and obtained for him the posthumous gift of a carriage, which was used at the performance of his [funeral] rites.'] Par. 10. Chung-sun Mëeh, or Măng Heentsze, had long sustained an important position in Loo. He was succeeded by his son Suh temple], it engraves on it its successful achieve-), or Măng Chwang-tsze (F). ment to show them to posterity, at once to manifest its own bright virtue, and to hold up to condemnation the offences of the other. But how should anything be made of our getting the help of others to save ourselves from death? A small State, we were fortunate against a great one; but to display our spoils in this manner, so as to excite its rage, is the way to ruin.'] The Par. 8. For Kung-yang has. Chuen says:-"The marquis of Ts'e had married Yen-e, a daughter of Loo, but she bore him no son. Her niece, Tsung-shing, however, bore him Kwang, who was declared his eldest son and successor. Among his concubines were two daughters of Sung, Chung Tsze and Jung Tsze. The latter was his favourite, and when Chung Tsze bore a son Ya, the child was given to Jung Tsze, who begged that he might be made successor to his father. The marquis agreed to this; but the child's mother objected, saying, "To abrogate in his favour the regular order [of succession] will be inauspicious. It is hard, moreover, to interfere with the other princes. Par. 11. The Chuen says:-'In autumn, in the 8th month, Ts'uy Ch'oo of Ts'e killed Kaou How in Shae-lan, and took to himself all his property. The text, in ascribing his death to the State, intimates that he had followed his ruler in his abandoned blindness to what was right.' Par. 12. For Kung-yang has. The Chuen says. "Tsze K'ung of Ch'ing, in his government of the State, acted on his own exclusive authority, to the distress of the people. At the punishment of the troubles in the western palace (see on x.8), and in the attempt [of Ts'oo] on the Shun gate (in the year before this), he had acted criminally; but he guarded himself wtih his own men-at-arms, and with those of the families of Tsze-kih and Tsze-lëang. On Këahshin, Tsze-chen and Tsze-se attacked him at the head of the people, put him to death, and divided his property between themselves. The text ascribes his death to the State because of the exclusive authority which he had arrogated. Tsze-jen and Tsze-kung were sons [of duke Muh] by [a daughter of Sung].-Sung Tsze; and Sze Tsze-k ung was his son by [a daughter of Chin], Kwei Kwei. Kwei Kwei's rank was inferior to Sung Tsze's, but they were fond of each other. Sze Tsze-k'ung was also on friendly terms with them. Tsze-jen died in the 4th year of He (the 6th year of duke Seang of Loo), and Sze Tsze-kung in Këen's (duke Muh's)first year, (Sëang's 8th year); and the minister of Instruction K'ung looked after the households of Tszekih and Tsze-lëang. The three families indeed were as one, and hence they came together to trouble. Tsze-kih and Tsze-lëang fled to Ts'oo, where the former became director of the Left. The people of Ching made Tsze-chen manager of the State, with Tsze-se as administrator of the government, and Tsze-ch'an a high minister." Par. 13. [The Chuen appends here:-'K'ing Fung of Ts'e laid siege to Kaou-t'ang, but could not reduce it. In winter, in the llth month, the marquis joined the siege; and seeing [Suhsha] Wei on the top of the wall, he called out to him. Wei came down, and the marquis asked him if he was well prepared for defence. He replied that he was not, and the marquis bowed to him, when he ascended the wall again. Hearing that the army [of the marquis] was coming [to the siege, Wei] gave out food to the men of Kaout'ang; but [two officers of Ts'e], Chih Choh and Kung Laou, agreed to bring the soldiers by night | up the wall by means of cords (the text here is probably defective). Wei was made pickle of in the army."] Par. 14. This was done, says Tso, 'through fear of Ts'e.' Par. 15. This Ko is different from the place in Ts'e of the same name, and was probably in Wei,-in the pres. dep. of Ta-ming. The Chuen says: Ts'e and Tsin concluded a peace, and made a covenant in Ta-suy. In consequence, Muh-shuh had a meeting with Fan Seuen-tsze in Ko. Having an interview with Shuh-hëang, he sang the 4th stanza of the Tsae che (She, I. iv.ode X.). Shuh-hëang said, "I dare not but receive your command." Par. 16. Woo-shing was a city of Loo,-90 le to the south-west of the pres. dis. city of Pe, dep. E-chow. The Chuen says:-'On his return to Loo, Muhshuh said, 'Ts'e is not yet [reconciled to us]; we must not dismiss our apprehensions." Aecordingly we fortified Woo-shing.' [The Chuen adds here:-'On the death of Shih Kung-tsze (Shih Mae) of Wei, [his son], Taou-tsze manifested no grief. Keung Chingtsze said, "Here is a case of the falling tree tearing up its roots. Taou-tsze will certainly not long possess his ancestral temple."'] Twentieth year 食叔*奔蔡秋伯衞夏二百 之老楚殺公杞侯六人十 如 甚至伯鄭月盟年, 季齊陳大自小伯庚于春 侯夫 會邾 申,向。王 公 宿 冬之公 子,伯 如干弟子 仲盟 莒會 申公會晉侯齊侯宀 十年春王正月辛亥仲孫速會 宋月,黃夑 澶邾侯 丙出蔡 辰, 奔公帥淵子 朔楚 楚子 滕 日 履伐 子 有 出邾。 薛公 而其日,也 君,吾 君得 卒。事 夏盟于澶淵齊成故也 左傅日二十年春及莒平孟莊子會莒人盟于向督楊之盟故也 邾人驟至以諸侯之事弗能報也秋孟莊子我以報之 蔡公子變欲以蔡之晉蔡人殺之公子履其母弟也故出奔楚 君以利蔡不能而死書曰蔡殺其大 不之母 臺章 冬齊無陳 能,策衛武 猶日甯子 有孫惠去 鬼林子所 神,父,疾 吾甯召 有 悼之 餒出子 齊子初聘於齊禮也 『可討,陳 棄 公慶 且子虎 兄黃慶 國,出能也。奔 暴奔而畏 也.蔥楚死 其言書 事,也 君.非 季 而失其親五年不滅是無天也 出奔呼於國日慶氏 冬季武子如宋報向戌之聘也褚師段逆之以受享賦常棣之七 卒宋人重賄之歸復命公享之賦魚麗之卒章公賦南山有 日同求 夑之楚 與履 司母 馬弟 同也 慶欲從 以楚。 氏也,先不為 XX. 1 In the [duke's] twentieth year, in spring, in the king's first 3 5 6 month, on Sin-hae, Chung-sun Suh had a meeting with an officer of Keu, and made a covenant [with him] in Hang. 2 In summer, in the sixth month, on Kăng-shin, the duke had a meeting with the marquises of Tsin and Ts'e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earls of Ch'ing and Ts'aou, the viscounts of Keu, Choo, and Tăng, the earls of Seeh and Ke, and the viscount of Little Choo, when they made a covenant in Shenyuen. In autumn, the duke arrived from the meeting. 4 Chung-sun Suh led a force and invaded Choo. Ts'ae put to death its great officer, duke [Chwang's] son Seeh. His brother, Le, fled to Ts'oo. Hwang, the younger brother of the marquis of Chin, fled from that State to Ts'oo. 7 Shuh Laou went to Ts'e. Par. 1. has 8 In winter, in the tenth month, on Ping-shin, the sun was 9 eclipsed. Ke-sun Suh went to Sung. Here, and afterwards, Kung-yang for. As to the individual, see on par, 10 of last year. Heang,—see on I. ii. 2. The Chuen says: "We were [now] at peace with Keu, and Măng Chwang-tsze had a meeting with an officer of Keu, and made a covenant in Hëang,—in consequence of the covenant at Tuhyang (see on xix. 1).' 66 and the Kung-tsze Sëeh wished to carry out the design of the former ruler for the benefit of the State; but, unable to effect his purpose, he died. The text in p. 5, that "Ts'ae put to death its great officer, the Kung-tsze Seeh," intimates that his wishes did not coincide with those of the people. And the account in this, that "Hwang, the younger brother of the marquis Par. 2. Shen-yuen was a river, called also of Ch'in, left the State, and fled to Ts'oo,” inthe, and gave its name to the city intimates that his flight was from no crime of his. the text,-25 le north-west from the pres. K'ae When Hwang was about to flee, he cried out in Chow (H), dep. Ta-ming. It belonged to the capital, "Those Kings, in violation of what Wei. This meeting and covenant were to cele- is right, are seeking to monopolize the government of Chin, tyrannizing over their ruler, and brate the good understanding which now existed getting his relatives out of the way. If within 5 years they are not exterminated, there can be no Heaven."" between Tsin and Ts'e (齊成故也) Par. 4. This shows strikingly the little value of those covenants. Loo, moreover, might have been satisfied with the lands of Choo which had been assigned to it after the expedition against Ts'e. The Chuen says:-'Troops from Choo had repeatedly attacked us, and we had not been able to retaliate in consequence of the business of the States; but this autumn, Măng Chwangtsze did so, and invaded Choo.' Par. 7. The Chuen says:-'Ts'e-tsze (Shuh Laou) went [now] for the 1st time on a friendly mission to Ts'e;-which was proper.' It was to be hoped that the animosity which had so long prevailed between Ts'e and Loo would now give place to friendly sentiments. Par. 8. This eclipse took place at noon, ou the 25th August, B.C.¡552. Par. 9. The Chuen says:-'In winter, Ke Parr. 5, 6. For Kuh-leang has This Woo-tsze went to Sung, to return the friendly Seeh and Le were sons of duke Chwang of visit of Heang Seuh (see xv. 1). Choo SzeTs'ae, and brothers consequently of duke Wăn, twan met him to conduct him to an entertainwhose father had been present at the meeting❘ment, where he sang the 7th and last stanzas of of Tseen-t'oo in the 28th year of duke He. The Chuen says:-'The Kung-tsze Seeh of Ts'ae wished to carry that State over to Tsin, on which the people put him to death, and his full brother Le filed to Ts'oo.' Par, 6. Kung and Kuh have instead of The Chuen says:-'K'ing Hoo and K'ing Yin, being afraid of the pressure on them of the Kung-tsze Hwang, accused him to Ts'oo, saying that he was confederate in the design of the minister of war of Ts'ae (Sëeh of the last par.). The people of Ts'oo thought this was sufficient ground for reprimanding Hwang, who therefore fled to that State, [to clear himself]. At an earlier period, duke Wăn of Ts'ae had wished to serve Tsin, saying, "My predecessor took part in the covenant of Tsëen-t'oo. Tsin should not be abandoned; and moreover, its rulers and we are brethren." Through fear of Ts'oo, however, he died without being able to carry his purpose into effect (in the 17th year of duke Sëuen). After this, the people of Ts'oo laid their requirements on Ts'ae without regard to any rule, the Chang-te, (She, II. i., ode IV.). The people of Sung gave him large gifts; and when he returned, and gave in the report of his mission, the duke entertained him. He then sang the last stanza of the Yu le (She, II. ii. ode III.). The duke responded with the Nan shan yëw t'no (She, II. ii. ode VII.), at which Woo-tsze left his place, and said, "I am not worthy [of such praise]."' [The Chuen calls the reader here to a narrative about Wei:-'Ning Hwuy-tsze of Wei was ill, and called to him his son, Taou-tsze, “I trespassed,” said he to him, "against my ruler (See on xiv. 4), and subsequent repentance was of no avail. My name is in the tablets of the States, to the effect that 'Sun Lin-foo and Ning Chih drove out their ruler.' If the ruler re-enter, that may hide my crime; and if you can so hide it, you are my son. If you cannot do so, and I continue to exist as a Spirit, I will starve in that condition, and will not come to partake of your sacrifices." Taou-tsze made him a promise, and soon afterwards he died].' |