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country copulatives, to fwear, and to forfwear; according as marriage binds, and blood breaks: 8A poor virgin, fir, an ill-favour'd thing, fir, but mine own; a poor humour of mine, fir, to take that that no man elfe will: Rich honefty dwells like a mifer, fir, in a poor house; as your pearl, in your foul oyfter.

DUKE S. By my faith, he is very fwift and fententious.

TOUCH. According to the fool's bolt, fir, and fuch dulcet difeafes."

I have not admitted the alteration, because there are other examples of this mode of expreffion. JOHNSON.

See a note on the firft fcene of the third A&t of A Midfummer Night's Dream, where many examples of this phrafeology are given. So alfo, in Spenfer's Faery Queen, B. II. c. ix:

"If it be I, of pardon I you pray."

Again, B. IV. c. viií:

"She dear befought the prince of remedy." STEEVENS. 8 — according as marriage binds, and blood breaks:] To fwear according as marriage binds, is to take the oath enjoined in the ceremonial of marriage. JOHNSON.

to fwear, and to forfwear; according as marriage binds, and blood breaks:] A man by the marriage ceremony SWEARS that he will keep only to his wife; when therefore, to gratify his luft, he leaves her for another, BLOOD BREAKS his matrimonial obligation, and he is FORSWORN. HENLEY.

9 dulcet difcafes.] This I do not understand. For difeafes it is eafy to read difcourfes: but, perhaps, the fault may lie deeper. JOHNSON.

Perhaps he calls a proverb a difeafe. Proverbial fayings may appear to him as the furfeiting difcafes of converfation. They are often the plague of commentators.

Dr. Farmer would read-in fuch dulcet difeafes; i. e. in the fweet uneafineffes of love, a time when people ufually talk nonsense. STEEVENS.

Without ftaying to examine how far the pofition laft advanced is founded in truth, I fhall only add, that I believe the text is right, and that this word is capriciously ufed for fayings, though neither in its primary or figurative fenfe it has any relation to that word. In The Merchant of Venice the Clown talks in the fame ftyle, but more

F42. But, for the feventh caufe; how did you find the quarrel on the feventh caufe?

TOUCH. Upon a lie feven times removed; 2Bear your body more seeming,' Audrey:—as thus,

intelligibly:" the young gentleman (according to the fates and deftinies, and fuch odd fayings, the fifters three, and fuch branches of learning) is indeed deceased." MALONE.

2 Upon a lie feven times removed;] Touchstone here enumerates feven kinds of lies, from the Retort courteous to the feventh and most aggravated fpecies of lie, which he calls the lie direct. The cour tier's anfwer to his intended affront, he exprefsly tells us, was the Retort courteous, the firft fpecies of lie. When therefore he fays, that they found the quarrel was on the lie feven times REMOVED, we muft understand by the latter word, the lie removed seven times, counting backwards, (as the word removed feems to intimate,) from the last and most aggravated fpecies of lie, namely, the lie direct. So, in All's well that ends well:

"Who hath fome four or five removes come fhort

"To tender it herself."

Again, in the play before us: "Your accent is fomething finer than you could purchase in fo removed a dwelling," i. e. fo diftant from the haunts of men.

When Touchstone and the courtier met, they found their quarrel originated on the seventh cause, i. e. on the Retort courteous, or the lie feven times removed. In the courfe of their altercation, after their meeting, Touchftone did not dare to go farther than the fixth fpecies, (counting in regular progreffion from the first to the last,) the lie circumftantial; and the courtier was afraid to give him the lie direct; fo they parted. In a fubfequent enumeration of the degrees of a lie, Touchftone exprefsly names the Retort courteous, as the first; calling it therefore here" the feventh caufe," and "the lie feven times removed," he must mean, diftant feven times from the moft offenfive lie, the lie direct. There is certainly therefore no need of reading with Dr. Johnfon in a former paffage-" We found the quarrel was not on the feventh cause."

The mifapprehenfion of that moft judicious critick relative to thefe paffages muft apologize for my having employed fo many words in explaining them. MALONE.

3-feeming, i. e. feemly. Seeming is often ufed by Shakspeare for becoming, or fairness of appearance. So, in The Winter's Tale:

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thefe keep

Seeming and favour all the winter long." STEEVENS.

fir. I did diflike the cut of a certain courtier's beard; he fent me word, if I faid his beard was not cut well, he was in the mind it was: This is called the Retort courteous. If I fent him word again, it was not well cut, he would fend me word, he cut it to please himself: This is called the Quip modeft. If again, it was not well cut, he difabled my judgement: This is call'd the Reply churlish. If again, it was not well cut, he would anfwer, I fpake not true: This is call'd the Reproof valiant. If again, it was not well cut, he would fay, I lie: This is called the Countercheck quarrelsome: and fo to the Lie circumftantial, and the Lie direct.

F42. And how oft did you fay, his beard was not well cut?

TOUCH. I durft go no further than the Lie circumftantial, nor he durft not give me the Lie direct; and fo we measured fwords, and parted.

F42. Can you nominate in order now the degrees of the lie?

TOUCH. O fir, we quarrel in print, by the book; +

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3 —as thus, fir. I did diflike the cut of a certain courtier's beard;] This folly is touched upon with high humour by Fletcher, in his Queen of Corinth:

66

Has he familiarly

"Diflik'd your yellow ftarch, or faid your doublet
"Was not exactly frenchified?-

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or drawn your fword,

Cry'd, 'twas ill mounted? Has he given the lie "In circle, or oblique, or femicircle,

"Or direЯ parallel? you must challenge him."

WARBURTON.

4 O fir, we quarrel in print, by the book;] The poet has, in this fcene, rallied the mode of formal duelling, then fo prevalent, with the higheft humour and address: nor could he have treated it with a happier contempt, than by making his Clown fo knowing in the forms and preliminaries of it. The particular book here alluded to is a very ridiculous treatife of one Vincentio Saviolo,

as you have books for good manners: I will name you the degrees. The firft, the Retort courteous ; the fecond, the Quip modeft; the third the Reply

intitled, Of Honour and honourable Quarrels, in quarto, printed by Wolf, 1594. The first part of this tract he entitles, A difcourfe moft neceffary for all gentlemen that have in regard their honours, touching the giving and receiving the lie, whereupon the Duello and the Combat in divers forms doth enfue; and many other inconveniences for lack only of true knowledge of honour, and the right understanding of words, which here is fet down. The contents of the feveral chapters are as follow. I. What the reafon is that the party unto whom the lie is given ought to become challenger, and of the nature of lies. II. Of the manner and diverfity of lies. III. Of lies certain, [or direct.] IV. Of conditional lies, [or the lie circumftantial.] V. Of the lie in general. VI. Of the lie in particular. VII. Of foolish lies. VIII. A conclufion touching the wrefting or returning back of the lie, [or the countercheck quarrelfome.] In the chapter of conditional lies, fpeaking of the particle if, he fays, "Conditional lies be fuch as are given conditionally, as if a man should say or write thefe wordes :-if thou haft faid that I have offered my lord abufe, thou lieft; or if thou fayeft fo hereafter, thou shalt lie. Of thefe kind of lies, given in this manner, often arife much contention in wordes, whereof no fure conclufion can arife." By which he means, they cannot proceed to cut one another's throat, while there is an if between. Which is the reason of Shakspeare making the Clown fay, "I knew when feven juftices could not make up a quarrel: but when the parties were met themselves, one of them thought but of an if; as, if you faid fo, then I faid fo, and they shook hands, and fwore brothers. Your if is the only peace-maker; much virtue in if." Caranza was another of thefe authentick authors upon the Duello. Fletcher, in his laft Act of Love's Pilgrimage, ridicules him with much humour. WARBURTON,

The words which I have included within crotchets are Dr. Warburton's. They have been hitherto printed in fuch a manner as might lead the reader to suppose that they made a part of Saviolo's work. The paffage was very inaccurately printed by Dr. Warburton in other refpects, but has here been corrected by the ori ginal. MALONE.

books for good manners:] One of these books I have. It is entitled The Boke of Nurture, or Schole of good Manners, for Men, Servants, and Children, with ftans puer ad menfam; 12mo. black letter, without date. It was written by Hugh Rhodes, a gentleman, or musician, of the Chapel Royal; and was first published in 4to, in the reign of King Edward VI. STEEVENS,

churlish; the fourth, the Reproof valiant; the fifth, the Countercheck quarrelfome; the fixth, the Lie with circumftance; the feventh, the Lie direct. All these you may avoid, but the Lie direct; and you may avoid that too, with an If. I knew when feven juftices could not take up a quarrel; but when the parties were met themselves, one of them thought but of an If, as, If you faid fo, then I faid fo; and they shook hands, and swore brothers. Your If is the only peace-maker; much virtue in If.

F42. Is not this a rare fellow, my lord? he's as good at any thing, and yet a fool.

DUKE S. He uses his folly like a stalking-horse," and under the presentation of that, he shoots his wit.

Enter HYMEN, leading ROSALIND in woman's clothes; and CELIA.

Still Mufick.

HYM. Then is there mirth in heaven,
When earthly things made even
Atone together.

Good duke, receive thy daughter,
Hymen from heaven brought her,
Yea, brought her hither;

That thou might ft join her hand with his,
Whofe heart within her bofom is.8

Another is, Galateo of Maifer John Cafa, Archbishop of Benevento; or rather, a Treatife of the Manners and Behaviours it behoveth a Man to use and efcherwe in his familiar Converfation. A Work very neceffary and profitable for all Gentlemen or other; tranflated from the Italian by Robert Peterson of Lincoln's Inn, 4to. 1576. REED.

6 like a ftalking-horfe,] See my note on Much ado about Nothing, A&t II. fc. iii. STEEVENS.

7 Enter Hymen,] Rofalind is imagined by the reft of the com

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