Reference to Abstract Objects in DiscourseSpringer Science & Business Media, 30 באפר׳ 1993 - 455 עמודים Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse presents a novel framework and analysis of the ways we refer to abstract objects in natural language discourse. The book begins with a typology of abstract objects and related entities like eventualities. After an introduction to `bottom up, compositional' discourse representation theory (DRT) and to previous work on abstract objects in DRT (notably work on the semantics of the attitudes), the book turns to a semantic analysis of eventuality and abstract object denoting nominals in English. The book then substantially revises and extends the dynamic semantic framework of DRT to develop an analysis of anaphoric reference to abstract objects and eventualities that exploits discourse structure and the discourse relations that obtain between elements of the structure. A dynamic, semantically based theory of discourse structure (SDRT) is proposed, along with many illustrative examples. Two further chapters then provide the analysis of anaphoric reference to propositions VP ellipsis. The abstract entity anaphoric antecedents are elements of the discourse structures that SDRT develops. The final chapter discusses some logical and philosophical difficulties for a semantic analysis of reference to abstract objects. For semanticists, philosophers of language, computer scientists interested in natural language applications and discourse, philosophical logicians, graduate students in linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science and artificial intelligence. |
מתוך הספר
תוצאות 1-5 מתוך 79
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תוכן
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
FROM EVENTS TO PROPOSITIONS A TOUR OF ABSTRACT ENTITIES EVENTUALITIES AND THE NOMINALS THAT DENOTE THEM | 15 |
1 DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA AND THE TYPOLOGY OF ABSTRACT ENTITIES | 18 |
12 States and Other Sorts of Eventualities | 23 |
13 Situations | 24 |
14 Divisions Among Propositionlike Entities | 26 |
2 QUANTIFICATION ABSTRACT OBJECT ANAPHORA AND THE TYPOLOGY OF ABSTRACT OBJECTS | 32 |
22 Anaphora | 34 |
4 CORRESPONDENCES AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ABSTRACT OBJECTS | 206 |
42 The Spectra of Nouniness and World Immanence do not Correlate Completely | 207 |
44 Predicate Incompatibilities and Polymorphic Characterizing Structures | 210 |
45 Metaphysical Relations between Eventualities and Abstract Objects in Natural Language Metaphysics | 212 |
5 THE PROBLEM OF EVENT NEGATION SOLVED | 214 |
51 Three Tests for Negation and Event Descriptions | 215 |
52 Negation Without Wide Scope Adverbials | 217 |
53 Negation and Wide Scope Adverbials | 218 |
3 PRINCIPLES OF SUMMATION AND STRUCTURED DOMAINS FOR ABSTRACT ENTITIES | 40 |
31 Events | 41 |
32 Propositions | 48 |
33 States | 51 |
34 Facts | 55 |
4 PROVISIONAL CONCLUSIONS | 57 |
A CRASH COURSE IN DRT | 63 |
2 THE BASIC FRAGMENT | 66 |
22 The Basic Construction Procedure | 69 |
23 DRS Construction Multiple Sentence Discourse and Intersentential | 73 |
24 Every and if then | 74 |
25 SubDRSs Accessibility and Anaphora | 75 |
26 Scopes for Quantifiers in DRT and Other Constraints on Anaphora | 79 |
27 Other Determiners and Operators in the Basic Fragment | 81 |
28 External Anchors and Definites | 82 |
EVENTS IN DRT | 85 |
4 PLURALS IN DRT | 91 |
42 Plural Anaphora | 92 |
FORMALIZATION OF DRS CONSTRUCTION AND DRS INTERPRETATION | 95 |
52 Model Theory | 96 |
53 The Construction Procedure and its Semantics | 98 |
ATTITUDES AND ATTITUDE DESCRIPTIONS | 111 |
2 ATTITUDES OPERATORS AND PREDICATES | 115 |
3 INTERPRETING ATTITUDE ASCRIPTIONS | 118 |
4 CONCEPTS AND ATTITUDES | 122 |
5 ATTITUDES PROPOSITIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS | 128 |
6 CONCLUSIONS | 135 |
THE SEMANTIC REPRESENTATION FOR SENTENTIAL NOMINALS | 138 |
1 SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ASSUMPTIONS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES | 141 |
12 Additional Semantic Principles and the Effects of the DP Analysis on DRS Construction | 144 |
2 DERIVED NOMINALS | 149 |
21 The Distinction between Process and Result Nominals | 150 |
22 Process Nominals | 152 |
23 Result Nominals | 157 |
24 Prepositional and Fact Readings of Derived Nominate | 159 |
25 Remarks on Property Derived Nominals | 162 |
3 OFING GERUND PHRASES AND BARE NOMINALS | 163 |
32 The Aspectual Force of ing in Ofing Gerunds | 167 |
33 Bare Gerunds and Nominals | 168 |
4 THAT CLAUSES | 171 |
42 NCP Constructions | 172 |
43 That Clause Constructions Factive Presuppositions and Individual Anaphora | 178 |
INFINITIVALS AND PROJECTIVE PROPOSITIONS | 180 |
52 Chierchias Analysis of Infinitivals | 184 |
PROBLEMS FOR THE SEMANTICS OF NOMINALS | 190 |
2 THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF IP GERUNDS | 193 |
22 POSSing Constructions as IPs | 197 |
3 NAKED INFINITIVES | 204 |
54 Negation and Event Nominals | 219 |
LESSONS FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE METAPHYSICS | 221 |
ANAPHORA AND ABSTRACT ENTITIES | 225 |
2 EVENT ANAPHORA | 232 |
3 EVENTTYPE ANAPHORA AND USING EVENTTYPES TO CONSTRUCT EVENT SUMS | 235 |
4 PROPOSITION ANAPHORA | 241 |
5 FACT ANAPHORA | 245 |
6 CONCEPT ANAPHORA IN DRT | 246 |
62 VP Ellipsis in DR Theory | 251 |
A THEORY OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE FOR AN ANALYSIS OF ABSTRACT ENTITY ANAPHORA | 256 |
1 THE PROBLEM OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE AND ANAPHORA | 258 |
THEORY | 262 |
3 DISCOURSE RELATIONS AND THEIR SEMANTICS | 263 |
4 PRINCIPLES OF DISCOURSE SEGMENTATION AND SDRS CONSTITUENT CONSTRUCTION | 269 |
41 Constraints on Attachment | 270 |
42 Inferring Discourse Relations | 272 |
43 Rules for Attachment | 275 |
5 REVISION OF CONSTITUENTS AFTER UPDATING | 284 |
6 TAKING STOCK | 297 |
7 APPENDIX OF DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS IN CHAPTER 7 | 299 |
72 Axioms and Meaning Postulates for Discourse Relations | 300 |
73 Basic Definitions and Axioms for SDRS Updating | 302 |
74 Constituent Revision | 304 |
APPLYING THE THEORY OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE TO THE ANAPHORIC PHENOMENA | 312 |
2 SOME EXAMPLES OF PROPOSITION ANAPHORA | 318 |
3 AVAILABILITY ANAPHORA AND CONSTITUENT REVISION | 321 |
32 A variability and Topic Revision | 330 |
33 The Limits of Availability | 338 |
4 DISCOURSE SUBORDINATION | 339 |
5 EVENT AND PLURAL ANAPHORA REVISITED | 345 |
6 ANAPHORIC CONNECTIONS ACROSS DIFFERENT ABSTRACT TYPES | 349 |
7 CONCLUSIONS ABOUT ABSTRACT ANAPHORA | 351 |
APPLICATIONS OF THE THEORY OF DISCOURSE STRUCTURE TO CONCEPT ANAPHORA AND VP ELLIPSIS | 354 |
2 EXAMPLES OF OVERT CONCEPT ANAPHORA | 357 |
3 VP ELLIPSIS | 361 |
4 SLOPPY IDENTITY | 370 |
5 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ON ABSTRACT ENTITY ANAPHORA | 381 |
3 PROBLEMS OF SELFREFERENCE | 395 |
4 TWO ARGUMENTS FOR A REPRESENTATIONAL THEORY OF ABSTRACT ENTITIES | 407 |
5 METAPHYSICAL REPRESENTATIONALISM AND METAPHYSICAL REDUCTION | 413 |
6 TECHNICAL APPENDIX | 419 |
62 Intensional Contents | 424 |
63 The Semantics for the Expanded Construction Procedure | 429 |
CONCLUSION | 434 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 436 |
451 | |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse <span dir=ltr>Nicholas Asher</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2012 |
Reference to Abstract Objects in Discourse <span dir=ltr>Nicholas Asher</span> אין תצוגה מקדימה זמינה - 2012 |
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
abstract entity anaphora abstract objects ACC-ing analysis anaphora resolution anaphoric reference antecedent argument place Asher attachment chapter characterization clauses cognitive complement complex concept anaphora concept discourse referent constituent revision constraint context defined definition delineated DRS denote derived nominals discourse particles discourse referent introduced discourse relations Discourse Representation Theory discourse structure domain DR-theoretic structures DRS construction procedure embedding functions embedding tree event discourse referent event-type examples fact factive Fred gerund phrases individual infinitivals instance intentional frame interpretation K₁ K₂ linguistic logical Mary matrix condition maximal MEE tree model theory natural language metaphysics negation node noun phrases of-ing gerund open constituent Parallel and Contrast partial DRS plural possible predicative DRS predicative DRSS principles projective propositions pronoun proper embedding properties quantifier scope SDRS SDRSS semantic semantic translation sentence sentential nominals subDRS theory topic translation tree isomorphism truth conditions updating VP ellipsis well-foundedness yields