between the braes of Glen-moriflon and Glen Arathferrar, till the guards were removed, and the paffes opened. It was then generally believed that he was killed, a perfon having been killed who was taken for him; and the guards after that remitted their vigifance. On the 14th of Auguß he went with his new retinue to the feat of Lochiel, at Achnafnal, on the fide of Loch Arkaig, two miles from Achnacarie in Lochabar. They brought no provifions with them, expecting to be better provided in that country; but, to their unfpeakable disappointment and diftrels, they found the feat burnt, and the cattle driven away. Here then they remained fome time, looking upon each other with a dejection and defpair which kept them filent, and which indeed no words could exprefs. At last one of them happened to fee a fingle hart, at which he took aim, and fortunately hot. On this, without bread or falt, they made an eager and hafty meal, as foon as it was poffible to get it ready. which Cameron of Cluns had built for his family, after his house had been burnt, one of the children gave an alarm, that a party of the King's troops were in fight. The Adventurer was then asleep, it being about eight A o'clock in the morning, and the rest were thrown into great confternation: They waked him, however, and apprized him of the danger, upon which he called for his gun, affembled his few friends examined their pieces; and having encouraged them, by a fhort exhortation, to fell their lives as dear as they could, he marched with them to a neighbouring hill, which commanded a prospect of Glenkingie but no enemy was to be feen: Two of the party were then difpatched to reconnoitre more closely, and it was refolved to go that night to the top of Mallantagart. C When the Scouts had got to the ftrath of Clans, the women told them that the party which had been seen, confifted of 200 men of Loudon's regiment, under the command of Captain Grant of Knockando, in Strath Spey that they had carried off ten milch D cows, which Cameron of Cluns had bought after the lofs of his own; that they had found out one of the huts in which the adventurer had been hidden and that they were gone to fetch Barrifdal's cattle to the camp. From this place one of the company went in fearch of Lochiel, at the very 'time when Lochiel had fent in search of the Adventurer. Lochiel's meffenger found him in a hut, built on purpofe for his use, between Achnafnal and Loch Arkaig: He was without fhoe or stocking, had a long beard, a dirty fhirt, an old black kelt coat, a plaid E and philibeg, with a pistol and dirk by his fide; but chearful, fays the writer of this narrative, and in good health. When he heard that Lochiel was fafe, he thrice gave folemn thanks to God, and propofed going immediately to him; but understanding that F there was a rumour of his having paffed Creyarock, with Lochiel and thirty men, they rightly judged that it might occafion a fearch in the country they were to pass through, and therefore refolved to stay fome time longer where they were; and Glenaladale was G difpatched to look out for fhips on the welt coaft; and the Glen morifton men, whofe fervice was no longer wanted, were difmiffed. In this place he was joined by the fons of Cameron of Cluns, Mr John Cameron, an itinerant preacher; Capt. Macraw, of Glengary's regiment, and a few others; with this company be continued moving about, between three different huts, till about the 28th of Auguft. As they were one day in the hut, Upon receiving this intelligence, the company and their chief removed from the Braes of Glenkengie, to those of Achnacarie, wading through the water of Arkey up to mid thigh. While they were at this place, the meffenger who had been dispatched to Locbiel, returned, and brought it as his opinion, that the Adventurer would be more fafe among the hills between the Braes of Badenoch and Athol, where he was fkulking himself, than in his prefent fituation, and advifed him to go thither immediately. This advice was very pleafing, and the Adventurer putting it in execution without delay, the two friends met to their unspeakable fatisfaction, foon after. About the twelfth of September, Me Cameron was fent fouthward to hire a fhip to carry them off from the Eaf coaft. A fhip was accordingly provided, and a meffenger difpatched to give proper notice. But before his Harrival, the two friends, who had been watching in the mean time on the weft coaft, received intelligence that two French fhips waited to carry the Adventurer off at Mordart. He He therefore fent round to all his Friends, that were within reach, acquainting them with the opportunity, and let out himfelf for Mordart the fame night. He arrived on the 19th of September, 1746, and met feveral of his friends who arrived in time, regretting those who had not the fame good fortune. office is to wind up the firft fpring eight times in every minute,and which is itself wound up but once in a day. 2. To remedy the second defect, Mr Harrison ufes a much stronger baAlance-fpring, than in a common watch. For if the force of this fpring upon the balance remains the fame, whilft the force of the other varies, the errors arifing from that variation will be the lefs, as the fixed force is the greater. But a stronger spring will require either a heavier or a larger balance. A heavier balance would have a greater friction. Mr Harrison therefore increases the diameter of it. In a common watch it is under an inch, in this of Mr Harrison's two inches and two tenths. On the twentieth, having feen all the friends that were with him, on board, he went on board himself; the vellel was called the Bellona, a Nantz B privateer of Saint Maloes, mounting thirty two carriage, and twelve swivel guns, and carrying 340 men; and was brought thither by Capt. Harrow of Dillon's regiment, who had gone over to France for that purpose. As foon as the Adventurer was on board, the veffel fet fail, and on the C 29th of the fame month, after a pleafant voyage, landed him and his friend fafely at Rofcou, about three leagues welt of Morlaix, having narrowly escaped Admiral Leftock's squadron, which was then on the coast of Bretagne. The Bellona was taken the second of February following, by three Men of D An exact Copy of the Report delivered 'in HE défects in common watches, which Mr Harrison propofes to remedy, are chiefly thefe: 1. That the main fpring acts not conftantly with the fame force upon the wheels, and through them upon the balance. 2. That the balance, either urged with an unequal force, or meeting with a different refiftance, from the air, or the oil, or the friction, vibrates through a greater or lefs arch. 3. That thefe unequal vibrations are not performed in equal times. 4. That the force of the balancefpring is altered by a change of heat. 1. To remedy the firft defect, Mr Harrifon has contrived, that his watch fhall be moved by a very tender spring, which never unrolls itfelf more than one eighth part of a turn, and acts upon the balance through one wheel only. But fuch a fpring cannot keep the watch in motion a long time. He has therefore joined another, whese F H 3. Had these remedies been perfect, it would have been unnecessary to confider the defects of the third fort. But the methods already described, only leffening the errors, not removing them, Mr Harrison uses two ways to make the times of the vibrations equal, though the arches may be unequal. One is to place a pin, fo that the balance fpring, preffing against it, has its force increased; but increased Jefs when the vibrations are larger, The other, to give the palets fuch a fhape, that the wheels prefs them with lefs advantage, when the vibrations are larger. 4. To remedy the laft defe&, Mr Harrifon ufes a bar, compounded of two thin plates of brafs and fteel, about two inches in length, rivetted in feveral places together, faftened at one end, and having two pins at the other, between which the balancefpring paffes. If this bar be ftreight, in temperate weather (brafs changing its length by heat more than feel) the brafs fide becomes convex when it is heated; and the steel fide, when it is cold: And thus the pins lay hold of a different part of the fpring in different degrees of heat, and lengthen or shorten it, as the regulator does in a common watch. The two first of thefe improvements any good workman, who fhould be permitted to view and take to pieces Mr Harrison's watch, and be acquainted with the tools he ufes, and the directions he has given, could, without doubt, exactly imitate. He could also make the palets of the fhape proposed; but for the other improvements, Mr Harrison has given no rules. He fays, that he adjusted thofe parts by repeated trials, and that he knows no other method. 1 method. This feems to require pa. tience and perfeverance; but with thefe qualifications other workmen need not despair of fuccefs equal to Mr Harrifon's. There is no reason to fufpect that Mr Harrifon has concealed from us any part of his art. If our opinion of the excellence and usefulness of this machine be asked, I muft fairly own, that nothing but ex. perience can determine the value of it with certainty; however, I think it my duty to declare to the Board the beft judgment I can form. The first of Mr Harrison's alterations is, I believe, an improvement, but not very confiderable. Probably, if the other defects in common wat ches could be removed, the changes in the force of the main fpring would not occafion fuch errors, as would make them useless at sea. The next alteration feems to be of greater importance. I fuppofe that it contributes more to the exactness of the watch, than all the other changes put together. But it is attended with fome inconvenience. The watch is liable to be difordered, and even stopt by almost any fudden motion, and, when stopt, does not move again of itfelf. But as it has gone two voyages without any fuch accident, it may feem, that this danger at fea is not confiderable. gious principles of the Gentoos, particularly two correct copies of their Bible, called the Shafta; that he had tranflated as much of this work as coft him eight months hard labour; and that he loft both originals and tranA flation, with his other MSS at the capture of Calcutta, in 1756. B C D The principle on which Mr Harrifon forms the alterations of the third E fort is, that the longer vibrations of a balance moved by the fame Spring, are performed in lefs time. This is contrary to the received opinion among philofophers and workmen. But Mr Harrifon is right; yet, whether the method he has propofed will correct the errors, or not, is to me quite uncertain. The laft alteration before-mentiontioned is ingenious and useful; but that it can be made to answer exactly to the different degrees of heat, feems not probable. WILLIAM LUDlam. A farther Account of a Book, intitled, Interefting Events relative to Bengal. (See p. 384.) F He fays, that both the mythology and cofmogony of the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, were borrowed from the doctrines of the Bramins, contained in this book, even to the diftribution of their idols, and the ri tuals of their worship. He fays alfo, that, by an accident, during the last eight months of his refidence at Bengal, he recovered fome MSS, which, in a certain degree, repaired his lofs, and enabled him to give a better account of the Hindoos, and the religious tenets of the Bramins, than is yet extant in any language. All modern writers reprefent the Hindoos as a stupid race of grofs idola◄ ters; but Mr Holwell fays, that they have, from the earlieft times, been an ornament to the creation. They have two books, fuppofed to contain a divine revelation, the Shafla, mentioned above; and the Veidam. The Veidam is followed by the Gentoos of the Malabar and Coromandel coafts, and the island of Ceylon; the Shafta is followed by the Gentoos of the provinces of Bengal, and by those of all the rest of India, which, he lays, is commonly called India Proper, and includes part of Oriffa, Bengal, Babar, Banarai, Oud, Eleabas, Agra, Delly, and other places that lie along the Ganges and the Jumna to the Indus. These books contain the inftitutes of their refpective religions, with refpect both to principle and ceremony; alfo the hiftory of their ancient Rajas, or Princes, often couched under allegory and fable: They appear manifeftly to have been originally one; & as the Veidam abounds with impurities G and abfurdities, and the Shafla is remarkably rational and chafte, Mr Holwell concludes, that the Veidam is a corruption of the Shafla, and not that the Shafla is an improvement of the Veidam. HE author, Mr Holwell, informs us, in a preliminary difcourfe, that his leifure hours, during thirty years refidence at Bengal, were em- H ployed in collecting materials relative to its revolutions and religion; that he had, at confiderable expence, procured many curious manufcripts relating to the philofophical and reli(Gent. Mag, SEPT. 1765.) who have fome acquaintance with the lenguage of the country. He uses terms, without explaining them, under which those for whole inftruction he profeffes to write can have no ideas; where thefe occur, we have fupplied the author's defect as far as we were able; as to the rest, our readers must be content with the beft guefs they can make. A Aureng Zabe died in 1707, and most of his fucceffors, after a short reign, were depofed and murdered, accord- B ing to the cuftom of the country, by their nobles or kindred, till the inva fion of Nadir Shaw, celebrated in Europe by the Name of Kouli Khan in the year 1738. In this part of the work there is nothing either interefting or curious; the account of one revolu. tion being, with only the variation of a few circumitances, the account of all. This is followed by an account of tranfactions in the Subab.lary* of Bengal, from 1717 to 1756, when Surajad Dowla, the fuccellor of Aliverdi Khan, invaded and destroyed our settlements at Bengal. Of thofe tranf D actions an account has already been given in our Mifcellany, from a pam. phlet published by Mr Scrafton in the year 1733, to which Mr Halwell him. felf refers. (See Vol. XXXIII. p. 156.) Mr Holwell proceeds, in his third chapter, to remark, that the war car. riedon by our Eaft India company a gainst the Mogul, his viceroys, and fubjects, muft unavoidably prove the ruin of the company. It is his advice, that we should no longer bufy ourselves in pulling down one Nabob, and fetting up another, but that we fhould be Nabob our felves. The Emperor, he fays, has more than once offered us our own terms, and it is, in his opinion, madness not to com. ply for that the prefent contention and hoftilities, if they are continued, will render the country not worth poffeffing, What be fays on this fubject is fo important, and fo manifeftly juft, that we shall give it nearly in his own words. It is true, fave he, we have seen our forces in the Eat, under the conduct of an able and active commander, drive the Mogul's Vice Roys out of the provinces; but it is alfo true, that we have feen a fpirited conduct and bravery in the Mogul's troops, that ought to frike us with apprehenfion A province under the government of a kind of viceroy, called a Subah, E G of future confequences. The Ruffians when firft attacked by Sweden, did not poffefs a tenth part of the courage and difcipline that these our enemies have now acquired, and yet the event is known to the world.-Let us reason upon very probable fuppofitions, and not reft in a too great and flattering fecurity, at a time when we have the greateft caufe to be alarmed. Suppose the Mogul's Vice Roys fhould from experience at last discover, that the only way to conquer us, and render our courage and difcipline of no effect, is to avoid coming to a ge neral action with us; with the great fuperiority of numbers they will ever be able to bring into the field, they may by this precaution and dividing their army (which confists chiefly of cavalry) into fmall bodies, cut off our provifions and forage, beat up our quarters, harrafs our handful of men without ceafing, and finally destroy us without danger to themfelves-and it is morally impoffible they fhould not at laft adopt this conduct. Let us again, fuppofe a rupture with France, whilft we are engaged in this war with the Mogul, our prefidency of Fort William, and our other factories in a manner deferted, and the chief ftrength of all our fettlements acting at the diftance of eight or nine hon dred miles from the center of our poffeflions. Each rupture will fet at nought the article in the last treaty of peace, which gave us an exclufive right to Bengal, and therefore ought to be attended to; for it is not to be imagined, that they will neglect fa favourable an occafion of attacking a fettlement, that conftitutes in the Eaft the very effence of our being, when they find it left defenceless by the abfence of our troops. Permit us most humbly to advise, fays he, addreffing our Eaft India Company, that exprefs orders be sent without delay to your Prefident and Governor of Fort William, to make the following overture of peace to the Mogul; viz. That on condition of his appointing and investing (to all intents purposes) your governor for the time being, Soubah of the Provinces of Bengal, Babar, and Orissa, you will engage on your part, that the ftipulated fum of one Khorore* of Rupees, fhall be annually paid into the royal treasury, free of all de- As this fum doubles in one year, any advantages the Emperors have receiv ed from the revenues of these provinces, for the space of forty years laf paff; we cannot entertain a doubt of his most readily acceeding to the terms A propofed, as thereby he would also fecure a powerful ally, who could be occafionally of fervice to him on any emergency, in his government. When we are invefted with, and empowered to difplay the Mogul's royal standard, the provinces will be g eafily governed, at a lefs annual expence and force, than the company are now from neceflity loaded withbut fuppofe it double, the flake is amply fufficient, as we shall prefently de monftrate.aut Soubah, aut nulluş, muft now be our motto. We cannot enough applaud the C Seafonable measure of fending out Ld Clive, which we efteem a happy event, notwithstanding what could be done upon the prefent plan of politics, has been done without him-the weight of his lordship's reputation and experience in thofe parts will moft effentially promote this our new plan; he is the best qualified to negociate it, the fittest to be first invested with that high power, and the most capable of fixing and leaving it upon a folid basis. This measure was advifed, and might have been fuccefsfully taken in the year 1760; if it had been, murders and maffacres would have been prevented, but it is not now too late to regain the opportunity which we then Joft; in confequence of the truth of this affertion, Mr Holwell, proceeds to fhow, by a rough sketch of the produce of the revenues, the valt take for which we throw; if we win, fays he, our gain will be immense; if we fail, we are but where we were. The sketch is in fubitance, as follows: At Natoor, about 100 miles N. E. of Culcutta, refides the family of the molt ancient and opulent of the Hindoo Princes of Bengal, Rajah Rhaam Khaunt of the race of Bramins, who died in the year 1748, and was fucceeded by his wife, a princefs named Bonanny Rhaanee, whole Dewan, or Minister, was Diaram of the Teely Tribe; they possess a tract of country of about 350 miles, and under a fettled government, their flipulated annual rents to the crown was feventy lac of Sicca rupees, the real revenues about one borare and a half. B E F G H The chief towns of thefe diftricts are, Malda, Hurrial, Seerpore, Balekooby, and Cogmarry; all feparately famous for manufacturing the following fpecies of piece goods, viz. for the Europe markets,coffacs, elatches, hummums, chowtahs, cotally foofies, feerfuchers and raw filk:-for the markets of Bufforab, Morka, Judda, Pegu, Acheen and Malacca, the different forts of coffa's, beftas, fannofe, mulmulls, tanjebs, ordinary kenchees, &c. The towns of Bowangunge, Siebgunge, Sorupgunge, and Jummaalgunge, are all famous markets for grain; as their names imply. Contiguous to this laft mentioned district, but still more to the N. E. lie the lands of Rajah Praunant of the Koyt or Scribe Tribe; his diftrict extends about 500 miles, moftly low lands, and in great part annually overflowed; his ftipulated yearly payment, 20 lac, the real produce of his revenue, from fixty to feventy-the chief products of his country, are grain, oil, and ghee, (an article much ufed in Indian cookery) it likewise yields fome fpecies of piece goods, and raw filk, alfo foole fugar, lump juggre, ginger, long pepper, and piplymolarticles that ufually compofe the gruff cargoes of our outward bound hipping. The principal towns of this district, are Rungpore, Gooragat, and Santofe Buddaal, the capital refidence of the head of this family; from thefe Arungs, the Eaft India companies are fupplied with fannoos, mulmulls, tanjebs, and raw filk. The great market of Bugwan Gola*, is fupplied from this district, with the three important articles of grain, oil, and ghee. The customs on grain only, amount to three lac of rupees per ann. All the customs and duties of Bugwan Gola, rank in the lift of revenues, under the head of Khofs Mhal, that is, duties which are kept in the governments hands, and not farmed out. The whole of its revenues are ufually valued in peaceable times at thirty lac per annum. North Weft of Fort William, about 35 miles, lie the lands of Rejab Tilluck Chund, extending 120 miles; the tipulated rents of thele lands, are 32 lac per annum, but its real produce and value, from 80 lac to one khorore, This is the principal of the three dif * Gola fignifies a granary, and Gunge, a grain market. tricts |