Guftavis Adolphus: "Since the departure of Scipio from Lilybaum, in order to attack the Carthaginians in their own country, and in the fight of their gods, no fleet had ever failed on an expedi'tion more important than that of the king of Sweden, who undertook to curb the pride and power of the houfe A of Auftria by carrying the war into her dominions. C But Scipio led all the forces of the Roman Empire against a republic often fubdued, and weakened by her loffes, and even by her fuccefs. Guftavus went with a handful of foldiers to en- B counter an emperor more powerful than Carthage ever was; an emperor, who had never fuffered the least check, and whofe forces were increased in proportion to his fuccefs. He went to engage with generals as brave, as crafty, as experienced as Hannibal, and with troops infinitely more valiant and better difciplined than the flaves and the mercenaries of Carthage; and more animated by the motive of religion, a motive fo capable of infpiring fidelity, attachment, and a contempt of death. The design of the Swedish hero was therefore much more daring than that of paffing into Afric, which D had never before entered into the thoughts of any of the Roman Generals, and which all ages have so admired. But it muft not be imagined that this of the king of Sweden, in order to be more great and more daring, was rafh, and one of those which can only be justified by fuccefs. No; E every thing was conducted with the utmoft forefight; all the fucceffes of Guftavus were wholly owing to his un ́common_prudence, his valour, and his fuperior talents in the art of war. He was also favoured by fome happy circumftances, to which providence gave rise." Before he entered on the territories of the empire, Guflavus published a manifefto in which he fet forth the Arong inducements that obliged him to turn his arms against the emperor; he then paffed into Pomerania, and made himself mafter of many places. Torquato Conti, who commanded the Im perialifts, retired under the cannon of Garz, and hut himself up in impregnable intrenchments while he waited for a re-inforcement. Winter approached; the Imperialifs badly cloathed, without money or provifions, hated by the nobles, the burghers and the peasants, on account of their robberies and extortions, earnestly defired to go into winter quarters. Their general propofed it to the Swedes, by his com miffaries, who faid that they thought it not glorious to brave the inclemency of feafons, and to contend with fnow and ice; that if they muft perish, they wished to perish sword in hand; that therefore it was proper to think of fettling winter quarters, and that poffibly during that ceffation the emperor and the king of Sweden might be able to conclude a lafting peace. The answer given by the Swedish commiflaries is a triking picture of the fpirit that reigned in the armies of Guftavus: "Gentlemen, faid the eldest of them, as we were ignorant of the fubject on which you defired to confer with us, we are neither provided with an answer nor a determination; nor do we ourselves know what are the king's intentions. Nevertheless I believe I may affure, without fear of being deceived, that that prince will never agree to the proposal of a truce for winter quarters. As he himself is indefatigable, as he submits to the greatest hardships, hunger, thirst, the fevereft cold, that he lies down when neceffary, as well in the fnow as on a bed, he has reafon to believe that his officers and foldiers are not more tender than himself. In fhort, the rest of us Swedes are foldiers of winter as well as of fummer.-We glory in braving all fort of dangers. True foldiers are not fwallows, who wait till spring before they fhew themfelves; all feafons are alike to them, and in the midft of ice their hands are never benumbed. Befides, what fignifies to us, whether our enemies perish by the fword or by cold, provided they perish or leave the field to us? Can there be a more honourable method of triumphing over them than the denying ourfelves the comforts and conveniences of life in order to seek them every where, to attack them without intermiffion, and at times when the lions themselves lurk in their dens." This fpeech much difconcerted the Imperialifts; they retired without making any reply, with an inward foreboding that perfons of fuch a turn of mind would put a period to their mafter's fuccesses. F G H We shall conclude this extract with tranfcribing what Tilly faid in the diet of Ratisbon in 1630, when he received the patent of Generaliffimo of the armies which were to act against Guftavus; remarkable words, which furnish us with an eulogium of that prince, the lef. lefs fufpicious as it comes from the His army critic, therefore, fails in his fiaft 'point, which is, finding out civil ma'giltrates to do his hierarchical drudgery. And again, This learned profeffor, who has been hardily brought up in the keen atmofphere of wholefome feverities, and early taught to diftinguish between de facto and de jure, thought it needless to enquire into facts when he was fecure of the right, and therefore only flightly and fuperciliBoutly afks, What was not Abraham, by his very princely office, to punish idolatry? Were not Melchifedeck, and Job, and all the heads of tribes to do the fame? Why, no; and 'tis well for Religion that they were not. It is for its honour that fuch a fet of perfecuting patriarchs is no where to be found but in a po⚫etical prelection.' compofed of Swedes, Livinians, Fin- Mr URBAN, TH D HERE is nothing which gives greater fcandal to the enemies of E Religion, or concern to its friends, than to fee Chriftian writers engaging in controverfy with bitterness and acrimony; defending religious tenets by fuch arts and practices as are inconfiftent with the plain precepts of Religion, departing from the point in question, and loading their adverfaries with calumny and perfonal abufe. I am led into these reflections by an appendix to an extraordinary performance lately published, in which I meet with thefe moft ftrange paffages: it The examiner fays, Where was iIdolatry punished by the magiftrate but under the Jewish economy?' To which the profeflor replies, was punished by all the patriarchal monarchs, by King Joh, King Abrabam, and King Melchifedec of no'ble race was Shenkin;-But here not one, fave the laft, had fo much as a nominal title to civil magiftracy; and this last drops as it were from the clouds, without lineage or parentage, fo that though of divine, yet certainly not a monarch of the true stamp by hereditary right, The F G H I cannot fee, without the greatest grief and concern, a writer of fuch eminence and abilities, forgetting his chara&er and fation, defcending to fuch low fcurrilities, and treating of ferious and facred fubjects with fuch indecent levity: And what has given him this provocation? This learned profeffor has prefumed to differ from him, not in any article of faith, not in any of the effentials of religion, but with regard to the antiquity of the book of Job. Nor has the profeffor been guilty of any thing in his life, or converfation, or writings, which might merit fuch treatment. He is neither Infidel, nor Idolater, nor Jacobite; but just the reverfe of all thefe; only guilty of a crime which this writer never yet pardoned, the not thinking in every point juft as he does. An admira ble advocate this for toleration! and very confiftently does he declaim aagainst perfecution, who will tolerate none who differ from him in the fmalleft matters, but perfecutes them with the utmoft virulence of language, the only penalty which he has it in his power to inflict; and perhaps it is well for Religion that he has no other. But what has given occafion to bec certamina tanta, these warm debates? This author has declared his opinion that the book of Job was written about the Babylonish captivity, and attempts to prove that it could not be written before the Jewish law, because 'tis laid chap. xxxi. v. 28, that idolatry was an iniquity to be punished by the judge, which it no where was but under the Mofaick difpenfation. But the profeffor B has the affurance to think otherwise ; & prove Job too to have been of the therefore the prefeffor is an enemy to lame opinion. He certainly contratoleration, an advocate for perfecution, fire, dicts both the principles and practices and faggot. But while he thus runs of all civiliz'd nations whatsoever. riot, he forgets the main point, to Job, therefore, might very properly fhew that Job fays any thing at all a- fay (if this be the fenfe of his words) bout a judge or civil magifirate. This even before the times of Mofes, that paffage, in both the Greek and Latin A idolatry was an iniquity to be punished by verfions, is rendered, an beinous ini- the judge. As to his witticifms on quity, without any mention of a judge; King Job. King Abraham, and what foland Mr Peters, in his excellent Differ- lows, which I am afhamed to repeat, tation, has established this interpreta- they are only the fallies of a wanton ition by good reafon and authority, to magination. The profeffor has given all which this author fays nothing, no fuch titles to Job, Abraham, &c. and But, in truth, the question here put is he has only fuppofed that they had aua captious one, Where was idolatry pu thority in their respective families, and mifbed by the magiftrate, e? When among their numerous dependants, to idolatry was the religion of all coun- preserve the worship of the true God, tries, except Judea, it is no wonder and to extirpate idolatry. Still lefs to that it was no where punished but the purpose are his declamations against there. The queftion should be, Where intolerant principles, perfecution, fire and was an active oppofition to the established faggot. The profeffor is no advocate religion punished by the magiftrate? And C either for perfecution, or indefeasible bethe antwer is plain, bic et ubique, in reditary right, nor does either Job or he England, in France, in all Chriftian fay a word in favour of either of them. countries, whether Proteftant or Popih; in antient Rome witnefs the ten perfecutions; at Athens, where the Jetters forth of frange gods were amena. ble to the civil magiftrate; among the D idolatrous nations of old, according to our author's own confeffion, who tells us, that the ufurped right of punifbing for opinions was affumed by idolaters as early as the times of Abraham; and, if so, furely the profeffor might without offence prefume that Job, Melchifedec, Abrabam, and the patriarchs, might take cognizance of idolatry in their refpective dominions and families. It appears from scripture, that Jacob commanded bis bousbold, and all that were with him, to put away the frange gods that were among them, Gen. xxxv. 9. and if he had authority to give fuch a command, I fuppofe he had authority to enforce the execution of it, Job appears to have been a perfon in high ftation, and is generally thought to have exercifed judicial authority. He brake the jaws of the wicked, and plucked the fpoil out of their teeth. He might, for ought this writer knows (for it & lies on him to prove the negative) think idolatry an offence against the ftate, and, as fuch, punishable by the civil magiftrate. Nay, will this author himself plead for an univerfal and unlimited toleration? Will he fay that the civil magiflrate ought never to concern himfelf about the affairs of Religion, but leave every man at liberty not only to think, but to act just as he pleases? If he does, he must (Gent. Mag. MAY 1765.) E F G H But ira furor brevis eft, fays that old ballad writer Horace. When men are in a paffion, like mad creatures, they foam at the mouth, and vent their rage, not only on him who ftruck them, but on all who stand in their way. The profeffor has prefumed to contradict this author, and therefore he falls foul not only on him, but also on the place of his education. This learned profeffor has been bardily brought up in the keen atmosphere of wholefome feveri ties, and early taught to diftinguish between de facto and de jure, The criticks are not agreed what atmosphere this is, whether it be that of Winchefter, or that of Oxford. He fays that this writer once applied for a Doctor's degree there, on account of his de monftration of Mofes's divine legation but the university did not think his Demonftration so complete as to merit fuch a reward; and therefore he thinks that as the university would not confer on him undeferved honours, he may be inclined to pursue her wih undeserved obloquy. All that I shall fay to this curious paffage, is, that if the author had been bred up in the fame keen atmosphere, he would probably have learnt better manners and better logick. Another like beautiful paffage we meet with towards the clofe of this Oxford, fays one, is the keeneft atmosphere. Winchester, favs another, is moft fam'd for bolfome feverities; but Scriblerus feems to have determin'd the point. Ap Appendix. This excellent writer (the Examiner of the Bp of London's difcourfes) defires to know of the learned where they can find a civil ⚫ or of Judæa, A An authentic Narrative of a Duel between Lord Kilmaurs, the Earl of Giencairn's eldeft Son; and a French Offcer at Marseilles. ORD Killmaurs is one of the best Lauk person is in the world, but has the misfortune to be deafish; and being one evening at the play, he talked pretty loud to the person that fat next him, as people, under his misfortune generally do: This happened to offend a French officer in the fame which declared the children Thould ⚫ fuffer for the crime of their parents.' To which the profeffor replies in these very words: In præfens Horationo illo verficulo contentus abite examinatorum • omnium candidiffimus. For the present let this most candid of all examiners about his buffinefs, and be thank-box, who faid to my lord, Paix, which ful for this fcrap of Horace, Delicta B • majorum immeritus lues. This is true go poetical payment; he asked for an old fyftem of laws, and the contemp⚫tuous profeffor gives him an old ballad.' is as much as to fay in English, Pray be quiet, which word the officer repeated two or three times, without the other's hearing it; upon which the officer, with a fierce look, faid aloud, Taizez vous, which words imply the most infolent reprimand-as in English-Hold your tongue. This my lord heard, and faw the fupercilious air that accompanied it; and made as sharp a reply as it deferved: "That as the other had "no right to command filence there, "he would fhew his contempt of his "infolence by talking still louder;" which he accordingly did. The offi-* Dcer foon after left the box, and, as his lordship's ill ftars would have it, he left that box also, and went into another where the fame officer was, without the least thought of what had past; looking about him on entering the box, he caft his eyes on the officer, without recollecting him; the French man, fired with relentment, run up clofe to him, and afked, what he meant by ftaring at him? The other anfwer'd, he thought he might look at any body. To which the Frenchman, in a rage, faid, He was not to be fo treated with impunity;' and without another word, except Come along, he pulled his lordship by the arm out of the box, and in the middle of the ftreet ftruck his lordship cross the fhoulder with his naked fword; upon which his lordship drew, and made a pass or two, and before any one arrived to part them, received his antagonit's fword juft in the pit of his ftomach, and it paffed through his right shoulder, on which they were parted. They were immediately furrounded by numberless fpectators. At first he was hardly fenfible of his wound, but in a few moments he dropt down fpeechlefs, in which fituation he muft inevitably have been fmothered by the preffing on of the crowd, had not the Duke de Pequigny brought the guards to keep them off. Here again he run the rifque of being stifled with his own But here again these two excellent writers, both of them, forget the point in question. We who are brought up in this keen atmosphere are apt on fuch occafions to fay, ferves terminos, What have the terms civil or religious conflitution, or filem of laws, to do here? Neither does Job, nor the profeffor fpeak of any fuch conflitution or laws. Job fays, God layeth up iniquity for his children. The fame obfervation hath been made in all ages and countries. Children ufually fuffer in the ordinary course of providence for the fins of their fathers; and this has been the burden of many an old fong. Had not this author abounded more in wit than in learning, he might have found the 8 fame obfervation in the graveft authors, and particularly in Plutarch, who in his treatife of fuch whom God is flow to punifb, treats of it at large, and vindicates this difpenfation of Providence. After all, I can find no fuch law among the Jews, but juft the reverfe. It is exprefly provided in the *Jewish law, that the fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither ball the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own fin, Deut. xxiv. 16. God did, indeed, threaten to vifit the iniquity of the fathers upon the children; but this is no way peculiar to the Jewish dispenfation. The like hath happened both before and fince. Isaiah in his prophecy against Babylon, chap. xiv. v. 20, 21, gives it as a general observation, that "the feed of the evil doers shall never be reno-wned; and then applies it to the King of Babylon in particular, Prepare Aaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers. But I shall add no more; the profeffor is very well able, if he thinks it worth his while, to repel this warm but weak attack, OxONIENSIS. blood blood, had not a furgeon preffed thro the crowd, cut his stock and neck of his thirt, and applied fome drops to his noftrils. He remained several hours fpeechlefs, with almost every mortal fymptom. Thefe, however, paffed off, and in three days he was out of danger. The officer took post immediately into the Pope's domini. nions at Avignon, and a short detail of the affair was fent to the British ambaffador at Paris, referring it entirely to his excellence to manage the matter as he thought proper. An authentic Narrative of the Duel between Lord BYRON and WM CHA WORTH, Efq; in which Mr Chaworth was run through the Body, and died the next Day. ORD BYRON and Mr. Cha Lorth were neighbours in the country, and it was their custom to A B tion of what he had faid, infifting that Sir Charles Sedley and himself had more game on five acres, than Lord Byron had on all his manors. Lord Byron, in answer to this, propofed a bet of 100 guineas, and Mr Chaworth called for pen, ink, and paper, to reduce the wager to writing, in order to take it up; but Mr Sherwin treating it in a jefting manner, as a bet that never could be decided, no bet was laid, and the converfation went on. Mr Chaworth faid, that were it not for Sir Charles Sedley's care, and his own, Lord Byron would not have a hare on his eftate; and Lord Byron asking, with a fmile, what Sir Charles Sedley's manors were! was answered by Mr Chaworth, Nuttall and Bulwell. Lord Byron did not difpute Nuttall, but added, that Bulwell was his; on which Mr Chaworth with fome heat replied, 'If you want information with respect to Sir meet, with other gentlemen of Not-Charles Sedley's manors, he lives at Mr tinghamshire, at the Star-and-Garter tavern in Pall Mall once a month, at what was called the Nottinghamshire club. The meeting, at which the unlucky difpute arofe that produced the duel, was on the 26th of January laft, at D which were prefent John Hewett, Efq; who fat as chairman, the Hon. Thomas Willoughby, Frederic Montagu, John Sherwin, Francis Molineux, Efqrs. and Lord Byron; Wm Charworth, George Donfion, Cooper's in Dean-fireet, and, I doubt not, will be ready to give you fatisfaction; and as to myfelf, your lordship knows where to find me, in BerkeleyRow; or words to that effect. These words, uttered in a particular manner, could admit of no reply, and at once. put an end to that fubject of difcourfe; every gentleman in company fell into. chat with him who fat next him, and nothing more was faid generally till Mr Chaworth called to fettle the reck Charles Melifh, jun. Efqrs. and Sir Rooning, as was his general practice. bert Burdett, who were all the company E in doing of which Mr Fynmore, the present. Their ufual hour of dining was foon after four, and the rule of the club was, to have a bill and a bottle brought in at feven. Till this hour all was jollity and good humour; but Mr Hewet, who was toaft-mafter, happening to start F fome converfation about the best method of preferving the game, setting the laws in being for that purpose out of the question, the fubject was taken up by Mr Chaworth and Lord Byron, who happened to be of different opinions, Mr Chaworth infifting on feverity again't poachers and unqualified perfons; and Lord Byron declaring that the way to have moft game was to take no care of it at all. Mr Hewit's opinion was, that the most effectual way would be to make the game the property of the owner of the foil: The debate became general, but was carried on with acrimony only between Lord Byron and Mr Chaworth; the latter, in confirma mafter of the tavern, obferved him a little flurry'd; for in marking, he made a fmall mistake. The book had lines ruled in checks, and against each member prefent an o was placed, but if abfent, 5. was fet down. He placed 55. against Lord Byron's name, but Mr Fynmore obferving to him that my Lord was prefent, he corrected his miftake. In a few minutes after this, Mr Charworth having paid his reckoning, went out, and was followed by Mr Donflon, who entered into difcourfe with him at the head of the ftairs, and Mr Charworth afked him particularly, if he had attended to the converfation between himself and Lord Byron; and if he thought he had been fhort in what he laid on the fubject! To which Mr Donfion faid, No; he had rather gone too far upen to trifling an occation, but did not believe that Lord Byren or the company would think any more about it; and after a little ordinary difcourfe had paffed, they parted. |