verb, as height-en, length-en, from height, length; it is also used as a prefix, giving to a word the force of a verb, as en-able, that is, to make able; en-courage, to make courageous, to inspire courage; en-rage, to put in a rage; em-bitter, to make bitter. In one word, enlight-en, it is both prefix and termination.

For, implies negation or privation, as for-bid, for-sake ; that is, not bid, not seek.

Fore, signifies before, as fore-see; that is, see beforehand: fore-foot, fore-father; the opposite is hind, as hind-foot.

Gain, is a contraction of against, as gain-say, or contradict.

Mis, denotes ill, defect, or error, as mis-take; that is, take wrongly. This word is said to be derived from the Saxon mis, or Gothic missa, a fault or defect; hence, probably, the English to miss.

Over, denotes eminence or superiority, as over-come, overthrow, over-look: it also signifies excess, as over-hasty, or too hasty. Figuratively, over-hear, over-take. Out, signifies excess or superiority, as out-do, out-run. Un, before an adjective, denotes negation or privation, as un-worthy, not worthy: before verbs, it denotes the undoing or destroying of the energy or act, as unsay; that is, retract what you have said.

Up, denotes motion upwards, as up-start; rest in a higher place, as up-hold; sometimes subversion, as up-set. With, signifies against, as with-stand; that is, stand against; from or back, as with-hold, that is, hold from, or back; with-draw, or draw back.

Under, implies inferiority or defect, as under-do, under-sell. Figuratively, under-go, under-standing, under-take.

SECONDLY.-Prepositions from the Latin.

A, ab, abs, from or away, as a-vert, to turn from or aside; ab-duce, to lead from; abs-ent, being from or away. Ad, ac, af, al, ap, to or at, as ad-here, to stick to; ac

INTRODUCTION.

xxiii

company, to be company to; af-fix, to fix to; al-lot, to lot to; ap-pertain, to pertain to.

Ante, before, as ante-cedent, going before.

Circum, about, as circum-spect, looking about.

Con, com, co, col, cor, (for cum,) with or together, as condole, lament together; com-motion, a motion with (others); co-operate, work together; col-league, one leagued with (another); cor-relative, relative with (another).

Contra, against, as contra-dict, speak against.

De, down or from, as de-ject, cast down; de-part, part from.

Di, dis, asunder, as dis-tract, draw asunder. In many words dis seems to denote something stronger than mere negation or privation, as dis-inter; that is, take out of the grave; dis-please, that is, give pain *. E, ec, ef, ex, out of, as e-ject, cast out; ec-centric, from the centre; ef-face, to put from the face; ex-clude,

shut out.

Extra, without, beyond, out of; as extra-vagant, wandering beyond.

In, written also ig, il, im, and ir, has three meanings; 1. In, into, or on, as in-flux, a flowing in; in-sight, a

* "As un commonly undoes or takes away, so dis denies or divides. Some verbs admit either privative. For, though while one generally takes away a positive action, and the other communicates a negative one, the ideas must nearly coincide; yet, no less certainly may they often be discriminated, un commonly denoting the literal, and dis the figurative privations. Thus to un-people, un-burden, un-cover, is literally to remove the people, the burden, the cover; whereas, to dis-people, (or depopulate,) to dis-burden, to dis-cover, are the figurative opposites of, to people, to burden, to cover. We un-close our lips in order to dis-close or dis-burden our minds.-Un-armed denotes simply without arms; dis-armed denotes the privation of arms." Grant.

seeing into; im-press, to press in.-2. Not, as ig-noble, not noble; il-legal, not legal; im-moral, not moral; in-active, not active; ir-regular, not regular.-3. An intensive signification. See p. 197.

Inter, among or between, as inter-vene, come between.
In inter-dict, or forbid, it has a negative effect.
Intro, within, as intro-duce, lead in.

Ob, in front of, either by way of opposition or precaution, as ob-ject, cast against; ob-viate, to meet in the way.

Per, through, throughout, thoroughly, as per-vade, pass through; per-fect, thoroughly done.

Pre, before, as pre-pare; that is, to make ready before hand.

Post, after, as post-script, written after.

Pro, forth, forward, as pro-mote, move forward; produce, bring forth.

Præter, past or beyond, as preter-natural, beyond the course of nature.

Re, again or back, as re-print, print again; re-pay, pay

back.

Retro, backwards, as retro-grade, going backwards.

Se, apart or without, as se-duce, to lead aside.

Sub, sup, under, as sub-scribe, write under; sup-press, to press under.

Super, above or over, as super-add, add over or above. Trans, or tra, signifies over or beyond, as trans-gress, go over or beyond; it also denotes from one place to another, as trans-plant, trans-pose.

Ultra, beyond, as ultra-marine, beyond the sea.

AN

ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY.

PART I.

WORDS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN,

ARRANGED UNDER DISTINCT HEADS.

A.

ACER, ACRIS*, sharp, pungent.-ACUO, I make sharp.-ACUTUS, sharpened.

ACRID, acrimony, acrimonious.-Acid, acidity, acidulate.-Sub-acid, sub-acrid.--Acute, acutely.

Acumen.

ÆQUALIS or EQUUS, equal.

Equal, equalize, equality, equally, un-equal.-Equ-animity. Co-equal.-Equator, equation.-Equi-lateral, equity.-Equi-nox, equi-noctial.

* When two words are found together, as acer, acris, or ars, artis, (in page 3,) the first is the Nominative case, and the second the Genitive case. When English words are derived from Latin nouns, they are generally formed from the Genitive case.

B

1

AGO, I do, or act.-EGI, I have acted.-ACTUS, acted.-AGENS, acting.-AGITO, I act often.

Act, action, actor, actress, active, actively, activity, activeness, actual, actually, actuary, actuate.-Agent. Co-action.-Trans-action, trans-act.--En-act.--Ex-act, ex-action, ex-actly, ex-actness.

Agile, agility, agitate, agitation.

Prodigy, prodigious, prodigal, prodigality.
Co-agulate, co-agulation, co-gitate, co-gitation.
Nav-igate, (navis, a vessel.)—Co-gent.

ALIUS, other.

Alias, alibi, alien, alienate, alienation, ab-alienate.— Aliquant, aliquot.

AMO, I love.-AMATUS, loved.

Amateur, amatory, amour, amorous, amity, amicable, amiable.-In-imical.

ANGULUS, an angle.

Angulus, angle, quadr-angular, rect-angle, tri-angle, triangular.

ANIMUS, mind.-ANIMA, soul.

Animal, animalcule, animate, animation, animosity.Equ-animity.-Magn-animity, (magnus, great.)-Pusill-animity, (pusillus, little.)-Un-animity, (unus, one,) un-animous.

ANNUS, a circle, also a year.

Annals, annual, annular, anniversary.-Bi-ennial.-Per

ennial.

ANTE, before.

Anterior, ante-cedent, ante-meridian, ante-penult.