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et officium habet se submittendi | it is the right and duty of the philosauctoritati, quam veram ipse opher to submit to the authority probaverit; at philosophia ne- which he shall have recognized as que potest, neque debet ulli sese submittere auctoritati.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas 11 decembris 1862.

Epist. ad eumdem Tuas libenter 21 decembris 1863.

true; but philosophy neither can nor ought to submit to any authority.

Letter ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas, 11th December, 1862.

To the same, Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

11. The Church not only ought

11. Ecclesia non solum non debet in philosophiam unquam never to animadvert upon philosoanimadvertere, verum etiam de- phy, but ought to tolerate the erbet ipsius philosophia tolerare rors of philosophy, leaving to phierrores, eique relinquere ut ipsa losophy the care of their correcse corrigat.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas 11 decembris 1862.

12. Apostolica Sedis, Romanarumque Congregationum decreta liberum scientiæ progressum impediunt.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter 21 decembris 1863.

13. Methodus et principia, quibus antiqui Doctores scholastici Theologiam excoluerunt, temporum nostrorum necessitatibus scientiarumque progressui minime congruunt. Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter 21 decembris 1863.

14. Philosophia tractanda est, nulla supernaturalis revelationis habita ratione.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter 21 decembris 1863.

N. B.-Cum rationalismi systemate cohæ

tion.

Letter ad Archiep. Frising. Gravissimas, 11th December, 1862.

12. The decrees of the Apostolic See and of the Roman Congregations fetter the free progress of science.

Letter ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

13. The method and principles by which the old scholastic doctors cultivated theology are no longer suitable to the demands of the age and the progress of science.

Letter ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

14. Philosophy must be treated of without any account being taken of supernatural revelation.

Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

N. B.-To the rationalistic system belong,

rent maximam partem errores Antonii Gün- | in great part, the errors of Anthony Günther, ther, qui damnantur in Epist. ad Card. Ar- condemned in the letter to the Cardinal Archchiep. Coloniensem Eximiam tuam 15 junii bishop of Cologne, Eximiam tuam, June 15, 1857, et in Epist. ad Episc. Wratislaviensem 1857, and in that to the Bishop of Breslau, Dolore haud mediocri 30 aprilis 1860. Dolore haud mediocri, April 30, 1860.

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gionem, quam rationis lumine shall believe true, guided by the

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nis cultu viam æternæ salutis re- find the way of eternal salvaperire æternamque salutem asse- tion, and obtain eternal salvaqui possunt.

Epist. encycl. Qui pluribus 9 novembris

1846.

Alloc. Ubi primum 17 decembris 1847.

Epist. encycl. Singulari quidem 17 martii

1856.

17. Saltem bene sperandum est de æterna illorum omnium salute, qui in vera Christi Ecclesia nequaquam versantur.

Alloc. Singulari quadam 9 decembris 1854. Epist. encycl. Quanto conficiamur 17 augustii 1863.

tion.

Encyclical Letters, Qui pluribus, 9th November, 1846.

Allocution Ubi primum, 17th December,

1847.

Encyclical Letters, Singulari quidem, 17th March, 1856.

17. We may entertain at least a well-founded hope for the eternal salvation of all those who are in no manner in the true Church of Christ.

Allocution Singulari quâdam, 9th December, 1854.

Encyclical Letters, Quanto conficiamur, 17th August, 1863.

18. Protestantismus non aliud 18. Protestantism is nothing est quam diversa veræ ejusdem more than another form of the Christianæ religionis forma, in same true Christian religion, in qua æque ac in Ecclesia Ca- which it is possible to be equally

tholica Deo placere datum pleasing to God as in the Catholic

est.

Epist. encycl. Noscitis et Nobiscum 8 de

cembris 1849.

Church.

Encyclical Letters, Noscitis et Nobiscum, 8th December, 1849.

§ IV.-SOCIALISMUS, COMMUNISMUS, § IV.-SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM, SE

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Pests of this description are fre

Ejusmodi pestes sæpe gravissimisque verborum formulis re- quently rebuked in the severest probantur in Epist. encycl. Qui terms in the Encyc. Qui pluripluribus 9 novembr. 1846; in Al- bus, Nov. 9, 1846; Alloc. Quibus loc. Quibus quantisque 20 april. quantisque, April 20, 1849; En1849; in Epist. encycl. Noscitis et cyc. Noscitis et Nobiscum, Dec. Nobiscum 8 dec. 1849; in Alloc. 8, 1849; Alloc. Singulari quâSingulari quadam 9 dec. 1854; in dam, Dec. 9, 1854; Encyc. QuanEpist. encycl. Quanto conficiamur to conficiamur mærore, Aug. 10, moerore 10 augusti 1863.

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1863.

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19. Ecclesia non est vera per19. The Church is not a true, and fectaque societas plane libera, perfect, and entirely free society, nec pollet suis propriis et con- nor does she enjoy peculiar and perstantibus juribus sibi a divino petual rights conferred upon her by suo fundatore collatis, sed civi- her Divine Founder, but it apperlis potestatis est definire quæ tains to the civil power to define sint Ecclesia jura ac limites, what are the rights and limits with intra quos eadem jura exercere which the Church may exercise auqueat. thority.

Alloc. Singulari quadam 9 decembris 1854.

Alloe. Multis gravibusque 17 decembris 1860.

Alloc. Maxima quidem 9 junii 1862.
20. Ecclesiastica potestas suam

Allocution Singulari quâdam, 9th December, 1854.

Allocution Multis gravibusque, 17th December, 1860.

Allocution Maxima quidem, 9th June, 1862. 20. The ecclesiastical power must

auctoritatem exercere non debet not exercise its authority without absque civilis gubernii venia et the permission and assent of the

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22. Obligatio, qua Catholici 22. The obligation which binds magistri et scriptores omnino ad- Catholic teachers and authors apstringuntur, coarctatur in iis tan- plies only to those things which are tum, quæ ab infallibili Ecclesiæ proposed for universal belief as judicio veluti fidei dogmata ab dogmas of the faith, by the infalomnibus credenda proponuntur. Epist. ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter 21 decembris 1863.

lible judgment of the Church.

Letter ad Archiep. Frising. Tuas libenter, 21st December, 1863.

23. The Roman Pontiffs and ecumenical Councils have exceed

23. Romani Pontifices et Concilia æcumenica a limitibus sua potestatis recesserunt, jura prin- ed the limits of their power, have

cipum usurparunt, atque etiam in rebus fidei et morum definiendis errarunt.

Litt. Apost. Multiplices inter 10 junii 1851.

usurped the rights of princes, and have even committed errors in defining matters of faith and morals.

Apostolic Letter, Multiplices inter, 10th June, 1851.

24. Ecclesia vis inferendæ pote24. The Church has not the statem non habet, neque potesta- power of availing herself of force, tem ullam temporalem directam or any direct or indirect temporal vel indirectam.

Litt. Apost. Ad apostolica 22 augusti

1851.

25. Præter potestatem Episcopatui inhærentem, alia est attributa temporalis potestas a ci

power.

Apostolic Letter, Ad apostolicæ, 22d August, 1851.

25. In addition to the authority inherent in the Episcopate, a further and temporal power is granted

vili imperio vel expresse vel ta- to it by the civil authority, either cite concessa, revocanda propte- expressly or tacitly, which power is rea, cum libuerit, a civili im- on that account also revocable by the perio. civil authority whenever it pleases. Apostolic Letter, Ad apostolicæ, 22d August, 1851.

Litt. Apost. Ad apostolicæ 22 augusti 1851.

26. Ecclesia non habet nativum ac legitimum jus acquirendi ac possidendi.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. Epist. encycl. Incredibili 17 septembris 1863.

27. Sacri Ecclesiæ ministri Romanusque Pontifex ab omni rerum temporalium cura ac dominio sunt omnino excludendi.

Alloc. Maxima quidem 9 junii 1862.
28. Episcopis, sine gubernii

26. The Church has not the innate and legitimate right of acquisition and possession.

Allocution Nunquam fore, 15th Dec., 1856. Encyclical Letters, Incredibili, 17th September, 1863.

27. The ministers of the Church, and the Roman Pontiff, ought to be absolutely excluded from all charge and dominion over temporal affairs.

Allocution Maxima quidem, 9th June, 1862. 28. Bishops have not the right of

venia, fus non est vel ipsas promulgating even their apostolical litteras promul- letters, without the permission of

apostolicas

gare.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. 29. Gratiæ a Romano Pontifice concessa existimari debent tamquam irritæ, nisi per gubernium fuerint imploratæ.

Alloc. Nunquam fore 15 decembris 1856. 30. Ecclesiæ et personarum ecclesiasticarum immunitas a jure civili ortum habuit.

Litt. Apost. Multiplices inter 10 junii 1851.

the government.

Allocution Nunquam fore, 15th Dec., 1856. 29. Dispensations granted by the Roman Pontiff must be considered null, unless they have been asked for by the civil government.

Allocution Nunquam fore, 15th Dec., 1856. 30. The immunity of the Church and of ecclesiastical persons derives its origin from civil law.

Apostolic Letter, Multiplices inter, 10th June, 1851.

31. Ecclesiasticum forum pro 31. Ecclesiastical courts for temtemporalibus clericorum causis poral causes, of the clergy, whether sive civilibus sive criminalibus civil or criminal, ought by all means omnino de medio tollendum est, to be abolished, either without the

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