9 "As he was ordained about the
beginning of June, 904, his death must
have happened about the end of Au-
gust, 911." Ibid. 87.
1 "Anastasius died, according to the
computation of the best chronologers,
about the middle of Oct. 913." Ibid. 89.
2❝ Held the see, as we read in
Flodoard, only six months and ten
days." Ibid.
He held the see, according to
Flodoard, fourteen months, and some-
what more, and consequently must have
died in June or July, 928.-John X.
is the first pope that was seen at the
head of an army." Ibid. 95.
"All we read of him in Flodoard,
who lived in those days, is, that he
succeeded John X. and governed the
church seven months and five days."
Ibid.
"He must have died about the
fifteenth of March, 931." Ibid. 96.
6 He was intruded into the see
when very young, and died in prison
about 936. Ibid. 97.
7 He is thought to have died about
July, 939. Ibid. 99.
He died about the close of 942
Ibid. 101.
9 Otherwise Martin III. He seems
to have died in June, 946. Ibid. 102.
1 Ordained before June 22, 946. He
retained the see above ten years. Ibid.
102. 104.
2" He took the name of John, that of
his uncle, Pope John XI. and he is the
first pope that changed his name." He
was intruded into the see when about
eighteen, and eventually deposed. Ibid.
104. 111.
3 He was ordained after Nov. 28,
972, and was strangled in prison about
two years afterwards by a popular
leader who had gained the upper hand
in Rome. Ibid. 122, 123.
"Hermannus Contractus does not
reckon Donus among the popes; but
he is by all other writers placed in their
catalogues immediately after Benedict
VI." Ibid. 123.
"He exchanged" (his name)" on
his promotion, for that of John, out of
respect for the prince of the apostles.
He held the see only eight months,”
Ibid. 125.
John XVII.... Dec. 26, 1003
Clement II.... Dec. 25, 1046
Damasus II.... July 17, 1048
Leo IX....... Feb. 12, 1049
Victor II. Ap. 13, 1055
Stephen IX..... Aug. 2, 1057
John Mincius.... Benedict X.... Mar. 30, 1058
6 Elected after June 17, 1009, and
died in 1012. "This pope was called
Os Porci, or Hog's Snout, as we read in
Ditmar, a cotemporary writer, and
not Sergius II. as is said by Platina,
who will have that pope to have been
the first who, disliking his own name,
took another. But that custom did
not take place until long after the time
of Sergius II." Ibid. 145.
7 This pope sold the popedom to his
successor, as it was generally said; but
Otto of Frisingen represents the trans-
action as rather favourable than other-
wise to the latter, his object being
merely to furnish a notoriously bad pon-
tiff with such an inducement as should
make him resign peaceably a post which
he disgraced. Ibid. 158, 159.
8 "Though the election of Gregory
was certainly null, he is reckoned in
all the catalogues among the lawful
popes, for no reason that I can see,
but because the next Gregory calend
himself the seventh of that name.
Ibid. 160.
A Saxon, bishop of Bamberg. Ib. 161.
1" Leo was the first pope that marsed
in his bulls the years of our Lord, the
preceding popes using no other date
but that of the indictions." He has
been canonised, and his remains are
objects of religious worship. Ibid.
2 Benedict X. was said to have owed
his election to bribes, which rendered it
invalid. He was, however, master d
Rome, and his opponents were obliged
to quit it: but after a possession of
more than nine months, the council of
Sutri deposed him, and being sensi
of inability to maintain his ground, be
left Rome for Tuscany, abandoning the
papal chair to Nicholas II. whom the
council had elected. Ibid. 212, 213.
Hubald Allucin-
golo .....
Humbert Crivelli..
Urban III..... Dec. 1, 1184
Gregory VIII.. Oct. 25, 1187
Clement III.... Dec. 20, 1187
Celestine III... Ap. 14, 1191
Albert
Paul...
Hyacinth Bobo ...
Lothaire Conti.... Innocent III...
Centius Savelli.... Honorius III...
Ugolino Conti.... Gregory IX.
Godfrey Castiglione Celestine IV...
Anibal Fieschi... Innocent IV....
Oct. 19, 1187
Dec. 17, 1187
Mar. 27, 1191
Jan. 8, 1198
Oct. 22, 1241
June 28, 1243
3 The only Englishman ever elected
pope. He was born in Hertfordshire,
at Abbot's Langley, near St. Alban's.
While young, he desired admittance
into that monastery, but being re-
pulsed, as insufficient, he went over to
Paris, and wanting neither ability nor
good fortune, he filled a succession of
honourable posts that conducted him
eventually to the papacy. Chauncy's
Hertfordshire, ii. 337.
The red hat was first used by the
cardinals under Innocent IV. "That
mark of distinction he granted them
in the council of Lions; but they first
used it, as De Curbio informs us, the
year after the council, that is, in 1246,
on occasion of an interview between the
Feb. 22, 1288
Aug. 29, 1294
pope and Lewis IX. of France. That
the cardinals were allowed to wear red
shoes and red garments in the time
of Innocent III. raised to the see in
1198, appears from several writers who
flourished at that time; but by what
pope that privilege was granted them,
is uncertain." Bower, vi. 254.
A hermit, originally meant for the
church, and therefore liberally edu-
cated, who long led a life of great
austerity in a cave on mount Murrho,
the modern Magella, in the Farther
Abruzzo. The long vacancy before
his election came from the two power-
ful families of Orsini and Colonna,
each of which was bent upon nomina-
ting the pope.
While the dissension
Oct. 27, 1303
Nov. 14, 1305
Sept. 5, 1316
Jan. 8, 1335
May 19, 1342
Dec. 30, 1352
Kame schi Surisme. Offical Designation.
Benectut Capetan.. Boniface VIII... Jan. 23, 1295
Noticias Bocasal. Benedict XI...
Bertrand de Got.. Clement V....
James de Coss........... Jiên XXII....
James Frontier ... Benedict XII..
Peter Roger...... Cement VI. ...
Stephen Aubert... Innocent VI...
William Grimour Urban V...... Nov. 6, 1362
Peter Beaufort.. Gregory XI.... Jan. 5, 1371
Bartholomew
Boniface IX... Nov. 9, 1389
continued raging, one of the cardinals
accidentally mentioned the famous her-
mit of Murrho, and a majority of the
body immediately elected him. Being
over-persuaded to accept the proffered
dignity, he did not lay aside his ascetic
habits, but he proved wholly unfit for
business, and was readily brought,
after a few months, to exchange the
pontificate for his former solitude. He
abdicated Dec. 13, 1294. Ibid. 344.
Archbishop of Bordeaux, and of a
noble family in that part of France,
but embroiled with Philip the Fair.
That monarch had a powerful party in
the conclave, which struggled violently
for a French pope. While its exer-
tions were yet abortive, Philip was
privately consulted about the election
of De Got. He had immediately a
secret interview with him, and by pro-
mising to secure his election upon cer-
tain conditions, the archbishop was
won over. As this was known to very
few, the opposite party elected him,
and thus France acquired a hold upo
the papacy which she long retained.
Ibid. 379.
Parus Belfortis, nephew to Ci
ment VI. and made cardinal by him
when hardly seventeen. Platina, 208
Bower calls him Peter Roger, and adds,
that he was son of William Roger, jord
of Beaufort.
"The death of Gregory was fol-
lowed by a most dreadful schism, com-
monly called in the history of the
church the great western schism. It
began in the present year, 1378, by the
election of Clement VII. in opposition
to Urban VI. and lasted till the council
of Constance in 1414. There were,
during that time, two popes, the one
residing at Rome or in Italy, and the
other at Avignon. But which of the
popes was the true one, and which the
antipope, has not yet been decided."
Ibid. vii. 36.
1 Consecrated as his successor, by
Augustine.
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