The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human FeelingUniversity of California Press, 2003 - 327 עמודים In private life, we try to induce or suppress love, envy, and anger through deep acting or "emotion work," just as we manage our outer expressions of feeling through surface acting. In trying to bridge a gap between what we feel and what we "ought" to feel, we take guidance from "feeling rules" about what is owing to others in a given situation. Based on our private mutual understandings of feeling rules, we make a "gift exchange" of acts of emotion management. We bow to each other not simply from the waist, but from the heart. But what occurs when emotion work, feeling rules, and the gift of exchange are introduced into the public world of work? In search of the answer, Arlie Russell Hochschild closely examines two groups of public-contact workers: flight attendants and bill collectors. The flight attendant's job is to deliver a service and create further demand for it, to enhance the status of the customer and be "nicer than natural." The bill collector's job is to collect on the service, and if necessary, to deflate the status of the customer by being "nastier than natural." Between these extremes, roughly one-third of American men and one-half of American women hold jobs that call for substantial emotional labor. In many of these jobs, they are trained to accept feeling rules and techniques of emotion management that serve the company's commercial purpose. Just as we have seldom recognized or understood emotional labor, we have not appreciated its cost to those who do it for a living. Like a physical laborer who becomes estranged from what he or she makes, an emotional laborer, such as a flight attendant, can become estranged not only from her own expressions of feeling (her smile is not "her" smile), but also from what she actually feels (her managed friendliness). This estrangement, though a valuable defense against stress, is also an. |
תוכן
EXPLORING THE MANAGED HEART | 3 |
FEELING AS CLUE | 24 |
MANAGING FEELING | 35 |
FEELING RULES | 56 |
PAYING RESPECTS WITH FEELING The Gift Exchange | 76 |
Public Life | 87 |
FEELING MANAGEMENT From Private to Commercial Uses | 89 |
BETWEEN THE TOE AND THE HEEL Jobs and Emotional Labor | 137 |
AFTERWORD TO THE TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY EDITION | 199 |
MODELS OF EMOTION From Darwin to Goffman | 211 |
NAMING FEELING | 233 |
JOBS AND EMOTIONAL LABOR | 244 |
Positional and Personal Control Systems | 252 |
Notes | 253 |
Bibliography to the Twentieth Anniversary Edition | 277 |
Bibliography | 287 |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling <span dir=ltr>Arlie Russell Hochschild</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2003 |
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling <span dir=ltr>Arlie Russell Hochschild</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2012 |
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling <span dir=ltr>Arlie Russell Hochschild</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2003 |
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
actor affect American anger angry anxiety asked become behavior bill collector child culture Darwin debtor deep acting Delta Airlines deskilled display emotion management emotional labor Erving Goffman estranged example exchange expect experience expression feeling rules female flight attendants focus Freud friends Gail Sheehy gender girl Goffman grief human idea illusion individual interactional Journal less living male flight manage emotion manage feeling Managed Heart marriage ment Method acting middle-class mother Noble Savage occupations offer organismic parents passengers percent person Press professional Psychoanalysis psychological R. D. Laing Recurrent Training relation Rochelle Sharpe role sense sexual signal function sincere situation smile social social class social engineering Sociology sometimes speed-up spontaneous stage Stanislavski status surface acting talk things tion tional trainers woman women workers Wright Mills York