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臭有也懷篤百

右至倫詩聲明恭辟

第矣。上曰色德而其

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求其本復自下學爲

因前章極致之言反

右第三十三章子思

之於大

載如以聲平是 無毛化以詩故 聲毛民色云君 無猶末子子子

virtue. All the princes imitate it.' Therefore, the superior man being sincere and reverential, the whole world is conducted to a state of happy tranquillity.

6. It is said in the Book of Poetry, I regard with pleasure your brilliant virtue, making no great display of itself in sounds and appearances.' The Master said, 'Among the appliances to transform the people, sounds and appearances are but trivial influences. It is said in another ode, "His virtue is light as a hair." Still, a hair will admit of comparison as to its size. "The doings of the supreme Heaven have neither sound nor smell."-That is perfect

virtue.'

The above is the thirty-third chapter. Tsze-sze having carried his descriptions to the extremest point in the preceding chapters, turns back in this, and examines the source of his subject; and then again from the work of the learner, free from all punish the rebellious and refractory. The 鉞 the Shih-ching, III. i. Ode VII. st. 7. The‘I'

is described as a large-handled axe, eight cat- is God, who announces to king Wan the reasons ties in weight. I call it a battle-axe, because why he had called him to execute his judgit was with one that king Wû despatched the ments. Wan's virtue, not sounded nor emblatyrant Châu. 5. The same subject continued.

-see the Shih-ching, IV. i. Bk. I. Ode IV. st. 3. But in the Shih-ching we must translate,There is nothing more illustrious than the virtue of the sovereign, all the princes will follow it.' Tsze-sze puts another meaning on the words, and makes them introductory to the

next paragraph. 君子 must here be the

天下者 of chap. xxix. Thus it is that a

zoned, might come near to the 不顯 of last

|paragraph, but Confucius fixes on the 大 to show its shortcoming. It had some, though not large exhibition. He therefore quotes again from III. iii. Ode VI. st. 6, though away from the original intention of the words. But it does not satisfy him that virtue should be likened even to a hair. He therefore finally quotes III. i. Ode I. st. 7, where the imperceptible working

constant shuffle of terms seems to be going on, of Heaven (載=事), in producing the over

and the subject before us is all at once raised to throw of the Yin dynasty, is set forth as without

a higher, and inaccessible platform. 6. Virtue sound or smell. That is his highest conception ,-see of the nature and power of virtue.

in its highest degree and influence. 詩云—

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盡切約 蓋聲又老

聲無臭而後已焉

又贊其妙至於無

恭而天下平之

言之以馴致乎篤

己謹獨之事推而

不深

致事

而焉無盛篤

selfishness, and watchful over himself when he is alone, he carries out his description, till by easy steps he brings it to the consummation of the whole kingdom tranquillized by simple and sincere reverentialness. He farther eulogizes its mysteriousness, till he speaks of it at last as without sound or smell. He here takes up the sum of his whole Work, and speaks of it in a compendious manner. Most deep and earnest was he in thus going again over his ground, admonishing and instructing men :-shall the learner not do his utmost in the study of the Work ?

切矣學者其可不

寜示人之意至深

言之其反復

蓋舉一篇之要而

心乎

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INDEX I.

OF SUBJECTS IN THE CONFUCIAN ANALECTS.

Ability, various, of Conf., IX. vi.

Able officers, eight, of Châu, XVIII. xi. Abroad, when a son may go, IV. xix. Accomplishments come after duty, I. vi; blended with solid excellence, VI. xvi.

Achievement of government, the great, XIII. ix.

Acknowledgment of Conf. in estimating himself, VII. xxxii.

Acting heedlessly, against, VII. xxvii.
Actions should always be right, XIV. iv; of

Conf. were lessons and laws, XVII. xix. Adaptation for government of Zan Yung, &c., VI. i; of Tsze-lû, &c., VI. vi.

Admiration, Yen Yüan's, of Conf. doctrines, IX. x.

Admonition of Conf. to Tsze-lû, XI. xiv. Advanced years, improvement difficult in, XVII. xxvi.

Adversity, men are known in times of, IX. xxvii.

Advice against useless expenditure, XI. xiii. Age, the vice to be guarded against in, XVI. vii. Aim, the chief, I. xvi.

Aims, of Tsze-lû, Tsăng Hsî, &c., XI. xxv. An all-pervading unity, the knowledge of, Conf. aim, XV. ii.

Anarchy of Conf. time, III. v.

Ancient rites, how Conf. cleaved to, III. xvii. Ancients, their slowness to speak, IV. xxii. Antiquity, Conf. fondness for, VII. xix; decay of the monuments of, III. ix.

Anxiety of parents, II. vi; of Conf. about the training of his disciples, V. ii.

Appearances, fair, are suspicious, I. iii; XVII. xvii.

Appellations for the wife of a prince, XVI. xiv.
Appreciation, what conduct will insure, XV. v.
Approaches of the unlikely, readily met by Conf.,
VII. xxviii.

Approbation, Conf., of Nan Yung, XI. v.
Aptitude of the Chün-tsze, II. xii.

Archery, contention in, III. vii; a discipline of virtue, III. xvi.

Ardent and cautious disciples, Conf. obliged to be content with, XIII. xxi. Ardour of Tsze-lû, V. vi.

Art of governing, XII. xiv.

Assent without reformation, a hopeless case, IX. xxiii.

Attachment to Conf. of Yen Yüan, XI. xxiii. Attainment, different stages of, VI. xviii. Attainments of Hûi, like those of Conf., VII. x. Attributes of the true scholar, XIX. i.

Auspicious omens, Conf. gives up hope for want of, IX. viii.

Avenge murder, how Conf. wished to, XIV. xxii.

Bad name, the danger of a, XIX. xx.
Barbarians, how to civilize, IX. xiii.
Becloudings of the mind, XVII. viii.
Bed, manner of Conf. in, X. xvi.

Benefits derived from studying the Odes, XVII.
ix.
Benevolence to be exercised with prudence, VI.
xxiv; and wisdom, XII. xxii.

Blind, consideration of Conf. for the, XV. xli.
Boldness, excessive, of Tsze-lû, VII. x.
Burial, Conf. dissatisfaction with Hûi's, XI. x.
Business, every man should mind his own,
VIII. xiv; XIV. xxvii.

Calmness of Conf. in danger, VII. xxii.
Capacities of the superior and inferior man,
XV. xxxiii.

Capacity of Măng Kung-cho, XIV. xii.
Careful, about what things Conf. was, VII. xii.
Carriage, Conf. at and in his, X. xvii; Conf.

refuses to sell his, to assist a needless expenditure, XI. vii.

Caution, advantages of, IV. xxiii; repentance
avoided by, I. xiii; in speaking, XII. iii; XV.
vii.
Ceremonies and music, XI. i; end of, I. xii;
impropriety in, III. x ; influence of, in govern-
ment, IV. xiii; regulated according to their
object, III. iv; secondary and ornamental,
III. viii; vain without virtue, III. iii.
Character(s), admirable, of Tsze-yû, &c., XV.
vi; differences in, owing to habit, XVII. ii;
different, of two dukes, XIV. xvi; disliked
by Conf. and Tsze-kung, XVII. xxiv; how
Conf. dealt with different, XI. xxi; how to
determine, II. x; lofty, of Shun and Yü, VIII.
xviii; of four disciples, XI. xvii; of Kung-
shû Wăn, XIV. xiv; of Tan-t'âi Mieh-ming,
VI. xii; various elements of, in Conf., VII.
Xxxvii; what may be learnt from, IV. xvii.
Characteristics, of perfect virtue, XIII. xix; of
ten disciples, XI. ii.

Claimed, what Conf., VII. xxxiii.
Classes of men, in relation to knowledge, four,
XVI. ix; only two whom practice cannot
change, XVII. iii.

Climbing the heavens, equalling Conf. like,
XIX. XXV.

Common practices, some indifferent and others not, IX. iii.

Communications to be proportioned to suscep-
tibility, VI. xix.

Comparison of Shih and Shang, XI. xv.
Comparisons, against making, XIV. xxxi.
Compass and vigour of mind necessary to a
scholar, VIII. vii.

Compassion, how a criminal judge should
cherish, XIX. xix.

Complete man, of the, XIV. xiii; virtue, I.
xiv; VI. xvi.

Concealment not practised by Conf. with his
disciples, VII. xxiii.

Concubines, difficult to treat, XVII. xxv.
Condemnation of Tsang Wu-chung, XIV. xv;
of Conf. for seeking office, XIV. xli.
Condition, only virtue adapts a man to his, IV. ii.
Conduct that will be everywhere appreciated,
XV. v.

Confidence, enjoying, necessary to serving and
to ruling, XIX. x.

Connate, Conf. knowledge not, VII. xix.
Consideration of Conf. for the blind, XV. xli ;
a generous, of others, recommended, XVIII. x.
Consolation to Tsze-niù, when anxious about
his brother, XII. v.

Constancy of mind, importance of, XIII. xxii.
Constant Mean, the, VI. xxvii.

Contemporaries of Conf. described, XVI. xi.
Contention, the superior man avoids, III. vii.
Contentment in poverty of Tsze-lû, IX. xxvi;
of Conf. with his condition, IX. xi; of the
officer Ching, XIII. viii.

Contrast of Hûi and Ts'ze, XI. xviii.
Conversation with Chung-kung, XII. ii; with
Tsze-chang, XII. vi, vii; XX. ii; with
Tsze-kung, XIV. xviii; with Tsze-lû, XIV.
xiii, xvii; with Tsze-niù, XII. iii; with
Yen Yüan, XII. i.

Countenance, the, in filial piety, II. viii.
Courage, not doing right from want of, II. xxiv.
Criminal judge, should cherish compassion,
XIX. xix.

Culpability of not reforming known faults, XV.
xxix.

Danger, Conf. assured in time of, IX. v.
Dead, offices to the, I. ix.
Death, Conf. evades a question about, XI. xi;
how Conf. felt Hûi's, XI. vii, ix; without
regret, IV. viii.

Declined, what Conf., to reckon himself, VII.
xxxiii.

Defects of former times become modern vices,
XVII. xvi.

Defence of himself by Conf., XIV. xxxvi; of
his own method of teaching, by Tsze-hsia,
XIX. xii; of Tsze-lû, by Conf., XI. xiv.
Degeneracy of Conf. age, VI. xiv; instance of,
XV. XXV.

Delusions, how to discover, XII. x, xxi.
Demeanour of Conf., X. i-v, xiii.

Departure of Conf. from Lû, XVIII. iv; from
Ch'i, XVIII. iii.

Depreciation, Conf. above the reach of, XIX.
xxiv.

Description of himself as a learner, by Conf.,
VII. xviii.

Desire and ability required in disciples, VII.
viii.

Development of knowledge, II. xi.

Differences of character, owing to habit, XVII. ii.
Dignity necessary in a ruler, XV. xxxii.

Disciples, anxiety about training, V. xxi.
Discrimination of Conf. in rewarding officers,
VI. iii; without suspiciousness, the merit of,
XIV. xxxiii.

Dispersion of the musicians of Lû, XVIII. xi.
Distinction, notoriety not, XII. xx.
Distress, the superior man above, XV. i.
Divine mission, Conf. assurance of a, VII. xxii ;
IX. v.

Doctrine of Conf., admiration of, IX. x.
Dreams of Conf. affected by disappointments,
VII. v.

Dress, rules of Conf. in regard to his, X. vi.
Dying counsels to a man in high station, VIII.

iv.

Dynasties, Yin, Hsia, and Châu, VIII. iv;
III. xx; Yin and Hsia, III. ix; Châu, &c.,
III. xiv, certain rules exemplified in the
ancient; eight officers of the Châu, XVIII.
xi; three worthies of the Yin, XVIII. i ; the
three, XV. xxiv.

Earnest student, Hûi the, IX. xix.
Earnestness in teaching, of Conf., IX. vii.
Egotism, instance of freedom from, VIII. v.
Eight able officers of the Châu dynasty, XVIII.
xi.

Emolument, learning for, II. xviii; shameful
to care only for, XIV. i.

End, the, crowns the work, IX. xxi.
Enjoyment, advantageous and injurious sources
of, XVI. v.

Equalled, Conf. cannot be, XIX. xxv.

Error, how acknowledged by Conf., VII. xxx.
Essential, what is, in different services, III. xxvi.
Estimate, Conf. humble, of himself, VII. ii, iii;
IX. xv; XIV. xxx; of what he could do if
employed, XIII. x.

Estimation of others, not a man's concern,
XIV. xxxii.

Example better than force, II. xx; govern-

ment efficient by, &c., XII. xvii, xviii, xix;
the secret of rulers' success, XIII. i; value
of, in those in high stations, VIII. ii.
Excess and defect equally wrong, XI. xv.
Expenditure, against useless, XI. xiii.
External, the, may be predicated from the in-
ternal, XIV. v.

Extravagant speech, hard to be made good,
XIV. xxi.

Fair appearances are suspicious, I. iii; XVII.
xvii.

Fasting, rules observed by Conf. when, X. vii.
Father's vices no discredit to a virtuous son,
VI. iv.

Faults of men characteristic of their class, IV.
vii.

Feelings need not always be spoken, XIV. iv.
Fidelity of his disciples, Conf. memory of, XI.
ii.

Filial piety, I. xi; IV. xix, xx, xxi; argu.
ment for, II. vi; cheerfulness in, II. viii;
the foundation of virtuous practice, I. ii; of
Min Tsze-ch'ien, XI. iv; of Măng Chwang,
XIX. xviii; reverence in, II. vii; seen in
care of the person, VIII. iii.

Firmness of superior man based on right, XV.
xxxvi.

Five excellent things to be honoured, XX. ii;
things which constitute perfect virtue, XVII.
vi.

Flattery of sacrificing to others' ancestors, II. xxiv.

Food, rules of Conf. about his, X. viii.
Foreknowledge, how far possible, II. xxiii.
Forethought, necessity of, XV. xi.
Formalism, against, III. iv.

Former times, Conf. preference for, XI. i. Forward youth, Conf. employment of a, XIV. xlvii.

Foundation of virtue, I. ii.

Four bad things to be put away, XX. ii; classes of men in relation to knowledge, XVI. ix. Frailties from which Conf. was free, IX. iv. Fraternal submission, I. ii.

Friends, rule for choosing, I. viii; IX. xxiv ; trait of Conf. in relation to, X. xv. Friendship, how to maintain, V. xvi; Tszechang's virtue too high for, XIX. xvi. Friendships, what, advantageous and injurious, XVI. iv.

Frivolous talkers, against, XV. xvi.

Funeral rites, Conf. dissatisfaction with Hûi's, XI. x; to parents, I. ix.

Furnace, the, and the south-west corner of a house, III. xiii.

Gain, the mean man's concern, IV. xvi. Generosity of Po-î and Shû-ch'î, V. xxii. Glibness of tongue and beauty esteemed by the age, VI. xiv.

Glib-tongued, Conf. not, XIV. xxxiv.

Glossing faults, a proof of the mean man, XIX. viii.

Gluttony and idleness, case of, hopeless, XVII. xxii.

God, address to, XX. i.

Golden rule, expressed with negatives, V. xi; XV. xxiii.

Good fellowship of Conf., VII. xxxi. Good, learning leads to be, VIII. xii. Good man, the, XI. xix; we must not judge a man to be, from his discourse, XI. xx. Governing, the art of, XII. xiv; without personal effort, XV. iv.

Government, good, seen from its effects, XIII. xvi; good, how only obtained, XII. xi; may be conducted efficiently, how, XX. ii; moral in its end, XII. xvii; principles of, I. v; requisites of, XII. vii.

Gradual progress of Conf., II. iv; communication of his doctrine, V. xii.

Grief, Conf. vindicates his for Hûi, XI. ix.
Guiding principle of Conf., XVIII. viii.

Happiness of Conf. among his disciples, XI. xii; of Hûi in poverty, VI. ix.

Haste, not to be desired in government, XIII. xvii.

Heaven, Conf. rested in the ordering of, XIV. xxxviii; knew him, Conf. thought that, XIV. xxxvii; no remedy for sin against, III. xiii.

Hesitating faith Tsze-chang on, XIX. ii. High aim proper to a student, VI. x; things, too much minding of, XIX. xv.

Home, Conf. at, X. xvi; how Conf. could be not at, XVII. xx.

Hope, Conf. gives up, for want of auspicious omens, IX. viii.

Hopeless case of gluttony and idleness, XVII. xxii; of those who assent to advice without

reforming, IX. xxiii.; of those who will not think, XV. xv.

House and wall, the comparison of a, XIX. xxiii. Humanity of Conf., VII. xxvi.

Humble claim of Conf. for himself, V. xxvii ; estimate of himself, VII. ii, iii; IX. xv; XIV. xxx.

Hundred years, what good government could effect in a, XIII. xi.

Idleness of Tsâi Yü, V. ix; case of, hopeless,
XVII. xxii.

Ignorant man's remark about Conf., IX. ii.
Impatience, danger of, XV. xxvi.

Imperial rites, usurpation of, III. i, ii, vi. Improvement, self-, II. xviii; difficult in advanced years, XVII. xxvi.

Incompetency, our own, a fit cause of concern, XV. xviii.

Indifference of the officer Ching to riches, XIII. viii.

Indignation of Conf. at the usurpation of royal

rites, III. i, ii; at the support of usurpation and extortion by a disciple, XI. xvi; at the wrong overcoming the right, XVII. xviii. Inferior pursuits inapplicable to great objects, XIX. iv.

Instruction, how a man may find, VII. xxi. Instructions to a son about government, XVIII.

X.

Insubordination worse than meanness, VII. XXXV; different causes of, VIII. x. Intelligence, what constitutes, XII. vi. Intercourse, character formed by, V. ii; of Conf. with others, traits of, X. xi; with others, different opinions on, XIX. iii. Internal, the, not predicable from the external, XIV. v.

Ironical admonition, XIII. xiv.

Jealousy of others' talents, against, XV. xiii. Joy of Conf. independent of outward circumstances, VII. xv.

Judgment of Conf. concerning Tsze-ch'ân, &c., XIV. x; of retired worthy, on Conf., XIV. xlii.

Keun (chün)-tsze. See Superior man. Killing not to be talked of by rulers, XII. xix. Knowing and not knowing, II. xvii. Knowledge disclaimed by Conf., IX. vii; four classes of men in relation to, XVI. ix; not lasting without virtue, XV. xxxii; of Conf., not connate, VII. xix; sources of Conf., XIX. xxii; subserves benevolence, XII. xxii.

Lament over moral error added to natural defect, VIII. xvi; sickness of Po-niû, VI. viii; persistence in error, V. xxvi; rarity of the love of virtue, IV. vi; the rash reply of Tsai Wo, III. xxi; the waywardness of men, VI. xiv; of Conf., that men did not know him, XIV. xxxvii.

Language, the chief virtue of, XV. xl. Learner, the, I. i, xiv; Conf. describes himself as a, VII. xviii.

Learning and propriety combined, VI. xxv; XII. xv; Conf. fondness for, V. xxvii ; different motives for, XIV. xxv; end of, II. xviii; how to be pursued, VI. xi; VIII. xvii; in order to virtue, XIX. vi; necessity of, to complete virtue, XVII. viii; quickly

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