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敬焉

也敬其養民也惠其使民

四焉其行已也恭其事上

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也也有
有以

聞。路

與天道不可得而聞也

可得而聞也夫子之言性

恐有聞

子路有聞未之能行

J貢問曰孔文子何以

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日孔

惠恭
恭君謂敏 敏文

上道也。學以

行也。

CHAP. XIII. When Tsze-lû heard anything, if he had not yet succeeded in carrying it into practice, he was only afraid lest he

should hear something else.

CHAP.XIV. Tsze-kung asked, saying, On what ground did Kungwăn get that title of WAN?' The Master said, ' He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-On these grounds he has been styled wĂN.'

CHAP. XV. The Master said of Tsze-ch'an that he had four of the characteristics of a superior man:-in his conduct of himself, he was humble; in serving his superiors, he was respectful; in nourishing the people, he was kind; in ordering the people, he was just.’

appropriate term with reference to the former.

These things, however, were level to the capa cities of the disciples generally, and they had the benefit of them. As to his views about man's nature, as the gift of Heaven, and the way of Heaven generally; these he only communicated to those who were prepared to receive them, and Tsze-kung is supposed to have expressed himself thus, after being on some occasion so privileged.

13. THE ARDOUR OF TSZE-LO IN PRACTISING THE

MASTER'S INSTRUCTIONS. The concluding 唯 恐有聞 is to be completed 唯恐復 有所聞,

1, as in the translation.

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an officer of the same surname of the

State of Wei, and a contemporary of Confucius. Many of his actions had been of a doubtful character, which made Tsze-kung stumble at the application to him of so honourable an epithet. But Confucius shows that, whatever he might otherwise have been, he had those qualities which justified his being so denominated. The rule for posthumous titles in China has been, and is, very much-' De mortuis nil nisi bonum.' 15. THE EXCELLENT QUALITIES OF TSZE-CH'AN.

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Tsze-ch'an, named 公孫僑 was the chief minister of the State of Chăng (鄭), the ablest,

perhaps, and most upright of all the statesmen among Confucius's contemporaries. The sage

14. AN EXAMPLE OF THE PRINCIPLE ON WHICH wept when he heard of his death. The old

HONORARY POSTHUMOUS TITLES WERE CONFERRED.

文, corresponding nearly to our ‘accom

interpreters take in the sense of 'employ

ing, but it seems to express more, and='order

plished,' was the posthumous title given to|ing,''regulating.’

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子政已三節黒交
日必之仕子藻子
忠以無為張稅日
矣。告 告慍合問何

an

敬髮

新色君曰 文之。
合舊 舊無合其他
尹合喜尹知居
色子也。蔡

乎。何

日如之三文

丟子日晏平仲善與

CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'Yen P'ing knew well how to maintain friendly intercourse. The acquaintance might be long, but he showed the same respect as at first.'

CHAP. XVII. The Master said, 'Tsang Wan kept a large tortoise in a house, on the capitals of the pillars of which he had hills made, with representations of duckweed on the small pillars above the beams supporting the rafters.-Of what sort was his wisdom?'

CHAP. XVIII. I. Tsze-chang asked, saying, The minister Tszewăn thrice took office, and manifested no joy in his countenance. Thrice he retired from office, and manifested no displeasure. He made it a point to inform the new minister of the way in which he had conducted the government ;-what do you say of him?' 'The Master replied,' He was loyal.' . Was he perfectly virtuous ?’‘I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?'

16. How To MAINTAIN FRIENDSHIP.

was famous for its tortoises. is used as an

(Famili | was taken by his descendants as their surname. arity breeds contempt,' and with contempt Such was one of the ways in which surnames friendship ends. It was not so with Yen P'ing, another of the worthies of Confucius's time. were formed among the Chinese., a large He was a principal minister of Ch'i (齊), tortoise,' so called, because the State of Ts'ai by name 嬰: Pring (=‘Ruling and averting calamity was his posthumous title. If we were to render 伸, the name would be (Yen Pring, secundus.' The antecedent to Ź is ^.

17. THE SUPERSTITION OF TSANG WĂN. Tsang Wăn (Wan is the honorary epithet, and f, see last chapter) had been a great officer in Lû, and left a reputation for wisdom, which Confucius did not think was deserved. His 臧孫辰. He was de

full name was

scended from the duke 孝 (B.C.794-767),

active verb, =藏· The節=柱頭斗棋 the capitals of the pillars.' The 帨 may be

seen in any Chinese house where the whole structure of the roof is displayed, and these small pillars are very conspicuous. The old critics make the keeping such a tortoise an act of usurpation on the part of Tsang Wăn. Chû Hsî finds the point of Confucius's words in the keeping it in such a style.

18. THE PRAISE OF PERFECT VIRTUE IS NOT TO BE LIGHTLY ACCORDED. I. Ling-yin, lit. ‘good

corrector,' was the name given to the chief

whose son was styled子臧. This Tsang minister of Ch'i (楚). # is still applied

N 2

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聞國乎。之又夫之 陳未

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子日甯武子邦有道則

之季日何日崔至

日文未如猶子於子

子知子吾也他有得

武斯 斯三焉大邦馬仁 可思得 夫之則- 十 邦矣。而仁。矣。崔之曰乘子 日子一猶乗弒

仁也邦吾而齊

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違則大違君

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2. Tsze-chang proceeded, When the officer Ch'ai killed the prince of Ch'i, Ch'ăn Wăn, though he was the owner of forty horses, abandoned them and left the country. Coming to another State, he said, " They are here like our great officer, Ch'ûi,” and left it. He came to a second State, and with the same observation left it also ; -what do you say of him?' The Master replied, He was pure.' Was he perfectly virtuous ?' I do not know. How can he be pronounced perfectly virtuous?'

CHAP. XIX. Chi Wăn thought thrice, and then acted. When the Master was informed of it, he said, 'Twice may do.'

CHAP. XX. The Master said, 'When good order prevailed in his country, Ning Wû acted the part of a wise man. When his country was in disorder, he acted the part of a stupid man. equal his wisdom, but they cannot equal his stupidity.'

Others may

to officers; e.g. the prefect of a department and disinterested officer of Lû.三, 4th tone,

is called 府尹. Tsze-wăn, surnamed 鬬, three times,'but some say it = 二 三,‘again

and named 穀於菟 (‘suckled by a tiger'), and again. Comp. Robert Hall's remark-In

had been noted for the things mentioned by matters of conscience first thoughts are best.' Tsze-chang, but the sage would not concede

2.

20. THE UNCOMMON BUT ADMIRABLE STUPIDITY

that he was therefore仁. 崔 was a great or NING Wt. Ning Wu(武, honorary epiofficer of Ch'i. Yen P'ing (chap. xvi) distin- thet; see II. vi) was an officer of Wei in the guished himself on the occasion of the murder time of Wăn (B.c. 660-635). In the first part (B.c. 547) here referred to. Ch'än Wăn was like- of his official life the State was quiet and proswise an officer of Ch'i. 之一之 is a his duties. Afterwards came confusion. The perous, and he 'wisely' acquitted himself of verb, =往.乘, 4th tone, as in I. vi, but with prince was driven from the throne, and Ning a different meaning, = 'a team of four horses., Yu兪 was his name) might, like other wise

19. PROMPT DECISION GOOD. Wan was the men, have retired from the danger. But he posthumous title of 季行必 a faithful] foolishly,' as it seemed, chose to follow the

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CHAP. XXI.When the Master was in Ch'ăn, he said, Let me return! Let me return! The little children of my school are

ambitious and too hasty. They are accomplished and complete so far, but they do not know how to restrict and shape themselves.'

CHAP. XXII. The Master said, 'Po-i and Shu-ch'i did not keep the former wickednesses of men in mind, and hence the resentments directed towards them were few.'

CHAP. XXIII. The Master said, 'Who says of Wei-shang Kâo

fortunes of his prince, and yet adroitly brought | Compare Mencius, II. i. ch. 2, et al. They were

stated and order restored.

it about in the end, that the prince was rein- brothers, sons ofthe king of Ka-chû (孤竹), 21. THE ANXIETY OF CONFUCIUS ABOUT THE named respectively允and 致 Î and Ch'i are their honorary epithets, and 伯 and 叔

TRAINING OF HIS DISCIPLES. Confucius was thrice

in Chăn. It must have been the third time,

when he thus expressed himself. He was then only indicate their relation to each other as elder over 60 years, and being convinced that he was and younger. Po-i and Shû-chi, however, are not to see for himself the triumph of his prin- in effect their names in the mouths and writings ciples, he became the more anxious about their of the Chinese. Kû-chû was a small State, intransmission, and the training of the disciples cluded in the present department of 永平

in order to that. Such is the common view of
the chapter. Some say, however, that it is not in Pei-chih-li.

Their father left his kingdom

to be understood of all the disciples. Compare to Shû-ch'i, who refused to take the place of his | elder brother. Po-i in turn declined the throne; so they both abandoned it, and retired into

Mencius, VII. ii. ch. 37.吾黨之小子

an affectionate way of speaking of the disciples. obscurity. When king Wû was taking his measures against the tyrant Châu, they made

狂, ‘mad,’ also ‘extravagant,' (high-minded.' The 狂: are naturally, hasty and careless 斐然,‘accomplished-lik e . 成章,‘something

of minutie.

see chap. xii. 成章, something com.

their appearance, and remonstrated against his

course. Finally, they died of hunger, rather

than live under the new dynasty. They were

whom they considered bad, but Confucius here

celebrated for their purity, and aversion to men

brings out their generosity. 怨是用希

plete.’裁 , see chap. vi, but its application =怨是以希, Resentments thereby

here is somewhat different. The antecedent were few.'

to

is all the preceding description.

23. SMALL MEANNESSES INCONSISTENT WITH UP·

RIGHTNESS. It is implied that Kâo gave the 22. THE GENEROSITY OF PO-1 AND SHU-CH'i, vinegar as from himself. He was a native of AND ITS EFFECTS. These were ancient worthies Lû, with a reputation better than he deserved

of the closing period of the Shang dynasty. to have.

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that he is upright? One begged some vinegar of him, and he begged it of a neighbour and gave it to the man.'

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CHAP. XXIV. The Master said, Fine words, an insinuating

appearance, and excessive respect;-Tso Ch'iû-ming was ashamed of them. I also am ashamed of them. To conceal resentment against a person, and appear friendly with him;-Tso Ch'iû-ming was ashamed of such conduct. I also am ashamed of it.'

CHAP. XXV. 1. Yen Yüan and Chi Lû being by his side, the Master said to them, Come, let each of you tell his wishes.’

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2. Tsze-lû said, I should like, having chariots and horses, and light fur dresses, to share them with my friends, and though they should spoil them, I would not be displeased.'

3. Yen Yüan said, I should like not to boast of my excellence,

nor to make a display of my meritorious deeds.'

MING.

24. PRAISE OF SINCERITY, AND OF TSO CH'IO- | of Confucius. The Chinese decline pronouncing

巧言令色: See I. iii. 足恭, (ex. it, always substituting Mâu (某), (such an

cessive respect,' being in 4th tone read tsü.

Some of the old commentators, keeping the

usual tone and meaning of, interpret the

one,' for it.
25. THE DIFFERENT WISHES OF YEN Yüan, TszE-
LU, AND CONFUCIUS. I.

盍各言爾志

why not each tell your will?" 2. A student is

phrase of movements of the 'feet' to indicate apt to translate-'I should like to have chariots respect. The discussions about Tso Ch'iû-ming and horses, &c., but 共 is the important word

are endless.

See 拓餘說

I. XXX.

It is in the paragraph, and under the regimen of

sufficient for us to rest in the judgment of the 願.衣, the 4th tone, ‘to wear. Several commentator, that 'he was an ancient of writers carry the regimen of on to, and reputation. It is not to be received that he removing the comma at 共, read 共敝 towas a disciple of Confucius, the same whose supplement to the Ch'un Ch'iû chronicles the gether, but this construction is not so good. 3. death of the sage, and carries on the history In HoYen's compilation is interpreted, for many subsequent years. 丘 was the name 'not to impose troublesome affairs on others.'

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