(). The Classic of Filial Piety he is said to have made under the eye of Confucius. On his connexion with 'The Great Learning,' see above, Ch. III. Sect. II. He was first associated with the sacrifices to Confucius in A. D. 668, but in 1267 he was advanced to be one of the sage's four Assessors. His title-'Exhibitor of the Fundamental Principles of the Sage,' dates from the period of Chia-ching, as mentioned in speaking of Yen Hûi. 13. Tan-t'âi Mieh-ming, styled Tsze-yü (¶, 7 (澹臺滅明,字 子羽). ). He was a native of Wu-ch'ăng, thirty-nine years younger than Confucius, according to the Historical Records,' but fortynine, according to the 'Narratives of the School.' He was excessively ugly, and Confucius thought meanly of his talents in consequence, on his first application to him. After completing his studies, he travelled to the south as far as the Yang-tsze. Traces of his presence in that part of the country are still pointed out in the department of Sû-châu. He was followed by about three hundred disciples, to whom he laid down rules for their guidance in their intercourse with the princes. When Confucius heard of his success, he confessed how he had been led by his bad looks to misjudge him. He, with nearly all the disciples whose names follow, first had a place assigned to him in the sacrifices to Confucius in A.D. 739. The place of his tablet is the second, east, in the outer court, beyond that of the Assessors' and 'Wise Ones,' 14. Corresponding to the preceding, on the west, is the tablet of Fû Pû-ch'î, styled Tsze-tsien ([al. and, all =∞] XA,B). He was a native of Lû,. and, according to 不齊,字子賤). different accounts, thirty, forty, and forty-nine years younger than Confucius. He was commandant of Tan-fû (H), and hardly needed to put forth any personal effort. Wû-mâ Ch'î had been in the same office, and bad succeeded by dint of the greatest industry and toil. He asked Pû-ch'i how he managed so easily for himself, and was answered, 'I employ men; you employ men's strength.' People pronounced Fû to be a superior man. He was also a writer, and his works are mentioned in Liû Hsin's Catalogue. 15. Next to that of Mieh-ming is the tablet of Yuan Hsien, styled Tsze-sze (,), a native of Sung, or, according to Chăng Hsuan, of Lû, and younger than Confucius by thirty-six years. He was noted for his purity and modesty, and for his happiness in the principles of the master amid deep poverty. After the death of Confucius, he lived in obscurity in Wei. In the notes to Ana. VI. iii, I have referred to an interview which he had with Tsze-kung. 16. Kung-yê Ch'ang [al. Chih], styled Tsze-ch'ang [al. Tsze-chih], (4 1⁄4 £ [al. ±], ‡7£ [al, 7]), has his tablet next to that of Pû-ch'î. He was son-in-law to Confucius. His nativity is assigned both to Lû and to Ch'i. 17. Nan-kung Kwo, styled Tsze-yung ([al.and, in the 'Narratives of the School,' (Tâo)], ), has the place at the east next to Yüan Hsîen. It is a question much debated whether he was the same with Nan-kung Chăng-shû, who accompanied Confucius to the court of Châu, or not. On occasion of a fire breaking out in the palace of duke Âi, while others were intent on securing the contents of the Treasury, Nan-kung directed his efforts to save the Library, and to him was owing the preservation of the copy of the Châu Lî which was in Lû, and other ancient monuments. 18. Kung-hsi Âi, styled Chi-ts'ze [al. Chi-chăn] ( K [al.]). His tablet follows that of Kung-yê. He was a native of Lû, or of Ch'i. Confucius commended him for refusing to take office with any of the Families which were encroaching on the authority of the princes of the States, and for choosing to endure the severest poverty rather than sacrifice a tittle of his principles. 19. Tsăng Tien, styled Hsî ( [al. !], ‡†). He was the father of Tsăng Shăn. His place in the temples is the hall to Confucius's ancestors, where his tablet is the first, west. 20. Yen Wû-yâo, styled Lû (,). He was the father of Yen Hûi, younger than Confucius by six years. His sacrificial place is the first, east, in the same hall as the last. 21. Following the tablet of Nan-kung Kwo is that of Shang Chü, styled Tsze-mû (*). To him, it is said, we are indebted for the preservation of the Yî-ching, which he received from Confucius. Its transmission step by step, from Chu down to the Han dynasty, is minutely set forth. 22. Next to Kung-hsî Âi is the place of Kâo Ch'âi, styled Tszekâo and Chi-kâo (*,‡‡ [al. ; for moreover, we find, and ]), a native of Ch'i, according to the 'Narratives of the School,' but of Wei, according to Sze-mâ Ch'ien and Chăng Hsüan. He was thirty (some say forty) years younger than Confucius, dwarfish and ugly, but of great worth and ability. At one time he was criminal judge of Wei, and in the execution of his office condemned a prisoner to lose his feet. Afterwards that same man saved his life, when he was flying from the State. Confucius praised Ch'âi for being able to administer stern justice with such a spirit of benevolence as to disarm resentment. 23. Shang Chu is followed by Ch'i-tiâo K'âi [prop. Ch'î], styled Tsze-k'âi, Tsze-zo, and Tsze-hsiû (H[pr. ], 7 H, , and F), a native of Ts'âi (), or, according to Chăng Hsuan, of Lû. We only know him as a reader of the Shû-ching, and refusing to go into office. 24. Kung-po Liáo, styled Tsze-châu ( THU H 47). He appears in the Analects, XIV. xxxiii, slandering Tsze-lû. It is doubtful whether he should have a place among the disciples. 25. Sze-mâ Kăng, styled Tsze-niû (♬ ⇓⇓, ÷ 7 4), follows Ch'i-tiâo K'âi; also styled. He was a great talker, a native of Sung, and a brother of Hwan T'ûi, to escape from whom seems to have been the labour of his life. 26. The place next Kâo Ch'âi is occupied by Fan Hsü, styled Tsze-ch'ih (,), a native of Ch'i, or, according to others, of Lû, and whose age is given as thirty-six and forty-six years younger than Confucius. When young, he distinguished himself in a military command under the Chi family. 27. Yû Zo, styled Tsze-zo (, ). He was a native of Lû, and his age is stated very variously. He was noted among the disciples for his great memory and fondness for antiquity. After the death of Confucius, the rest of the disciples, because of some likeness in Zo's speech to the Master, wished to render the same observances to him which they had done to Confucius, but on Tsăng Shǎn's demurring to the thing, they abandoned the purpose. The tablet of Tsze-zo is now the sixth, east, among The Wise Ones,' to which place it was promoted in the third year of Ch'îenlung of the present dynasty. This was done in compliance with a memorial from the president of one of the Boards, who said he was moved by a dream to make the request. We may suppose that his real motives were a wish to do justice to the merits of Tsze-zo, and to restore the symmetry of the tablets in the Hall of the Great and Complete One,' which had been disturbed by the introduction of the tablet of Chû Hsî in the preceding reign. 28. Kung-hsî Ch'ih, styled Tsze-hwâ (4,7), a native of Lû, younger than Confucius by forty-two years, whose place is the fourth, west, in the outer court. He was noted for his knowledge of ceremonies, and the other disciples devolved on him all the arrangements about the funeral of the Master. 29. Wû-mâ Shih [or Ch'î], styled Tsze-Ch'i ( [al. ], 7 [al. 7]), a native of Chăn, or, according to Chăng Hsüan, of Lû, thirty years younger than Confucius. His tablet is on the east, next to that of Sze-mâ Kăng. It is related that on one occasion, when Confucius was about to set out with a company of the disciples on a walk or journey, he told them to take umbrellas. They met with a heavy shower, and Wû-mâ asked him, saying, 'There were no clouds in the morning; but after the sun had risen, you told us to take umbrellas. How did you know that it would rain?' Confucius said, 'The moon last evening was in the constellation Pî, and is it not said in the Shih-ching, "When the moon is in Pî, there will be heavy rain?" It was thus I knew it.' 30. Liang Chan [al. Li], styled Shû-yü ( [al. !]÷ ), occupies the eighth place, west, among the tablets of the outer court. He was a man of Chî, and his age is stated as twenty-nine and thirty-nine years younger than Confucius. The following story is told in connexion with him. When he was thirty, being disappointed that he had no son, he was minded to put away his wife. Do not do so,' said Shang Chu to him. 'I was thirty-eight before I had a son, and my mother was then about to take another wife for me, when the Master proposed sending me to Ch'i. My mother was unwilling that I should go, but Confucius said, 'Don't be anxious. Chu will have five sons after he is forty.' It has turned out so, and I apprehend it is your fault, and not your wife's, that you have no son yet.' Chan took this advice, and in the second year after, he had a son. 31. Yen Hsing [al. Hsin, Liû, and Wei], styled Tsze-liû († ‡ [al. ‡, M, and #], ), occupies the place, east, after Wûmâ Shih. He was a native of Lû, and forty-six years younger than Confucius. 32. Liang Chan is followed on the west by Zan Zů, styled Tsze-lû [al. Tsze-tsǎng and Tsze-yü] ( [al. #]+[al. F and ]), a native of Lû, and fifty years younger than Confucius. 33. Yen Hsing is followed on the east by Ts'âo Hsü, styled Tsze-hsün (,), a native of Ts'âi, fifty years younger than Confucius. 34. Next on the west is Po Ch'ien, styled Tsze-hsî, or, in the current copies of the 'Narratives of the School,' Tsze-ch'iâi (1a ✯, [al. FF] or ), a native of Lû, fifty years younger than Confucius. 35. Following Tsze-hsün is Kung-sun Lung [al. Ch'ung], styled Tsze-shih (ft [al. ], 7), whose birth is assigned by different writers to Wei, Ch'û, and Châo (). He was fiftythree years younger than Confucius. We have the following account:— Tsze-kung asked Tsze-shih, saying, "Have you not learned the Book of Poetry?" Tsze-shih replied, "What leisure have I to do so? My parents require me to be filial; my brothers require me to be submissive; and my friends require me to be sincere. What leisure have I for anything else?" "Come to my Master," said Tsze-kung, "and learn of him."' Sze-mâ Ch'ien here observes:-'Of the thirty-five disciples which precede, we have some details. Their age and other particulars are found in the Books and Records. It is not so, however, in regard to the fifty-two which follow.' 36. Zan Chî, styled Tsze-ch'an [al. Chi-ch'an and Tsze-tâ] (冉季,字子產[al.季產 and 子達]), a native of Lû, whose place is the 11th, west, next to Po Ch'ien. 37. Kung-tsû Kâu-tsze or simply Tsze, styled Tsze-chih ( 勾兹 [or simply 兹],字子之), a native of Lû. His tablet is the 23rd, east, in the outer court. 38. Ch'in Tsû, styled Tsze-nan (,), a native of Ch'in. His tablet precedes that of the last, two places. 39. Ch'î-tiâo Ch'ih, styled Tsze-lien ([al.&], ‡ His tablet is the 13th, west. ), a native of Lû. 40. Yen Kâo, styled Tsze-chiâo (7). According to the 'Narratives of the School,' he was the same as Yen K'o (, or ), who drove the carriage when Confucius rode in Wei after the duke and Nan-tsze. But this seems doubtful. Other |