最 身淑温塞只。仲 寡思。先慎且淵。其氏 人。以君其惠終心任 4 Lovingly confiding was the lady Chung; Truly deep was her feeling. Both gentle was she and docile, Virtuously careful of her person. In thinking of our deceased lord, She stimulated worthless me. IV. Jeh yueh. 顧能古今。如下諸。日 1 0 不有處。逝之土。照居 我定。胡不人乃臨月 O sun, Omoon, Which enlighten this lower earth! Here is this man, Who treats me not according to the ancient rule. How can he get his mind settled? Would he then not regard me? 四 In于歸于将于 is the particle. 將‘sincere in the ways of friendship.’塞=實 一送‘to escort. Chin lay south from Wei, and therefore we have于南 L1. 5, 6. We must take and涕 together as 'to weep'; though is defined as 'the emission of tears without any sound.'佇= 久,‘a long time? St.4. By伸氏,‘the lady Chung,' we are to as understand Tae Kwei. She was called, the 2d of sisters or of cousins, to distinguish her in the family and the harem; and the designation becomes here equivalent to a surname. ‘really? Throughout the She, 終, followed by 且, is merely=旣, and may be translated by both We must not give it the sense of Considering all the evils which he had brought ‘ever' By 先君 is intended duke Chwang. on the two ladies, it is matter of astonishment that they should be able to think of him with any feeling but that of detestation. But, according to Chinese ideas, though the husband have failed in every duty, the wife must still cherish his memory with affection. The rhymes are–in st. 1, 羽野 .. 雨 cat. 5, t. 2: in 2, 頏將, cat. 10; 及,泣.c♡ cat. occurred before, an untranslateable particle, 7, t. 3: in 3, A, ib., t. 1: in 4, J, * in i. IV., in the middle of a line; here it is at 身,人,cat. 12, t. 1.飛歸 make a rhyme the end. We find it with and at the also in stt. 1-3, cat. 15, t. 1. side, used in the same way, and also interchang ed with旨:任 has the meaning in the trans Ode 4. Narrative. CHWANG KëANG COM PLAINS OF AND APPEALS AGAINST THE BAD lation. One definition of it is-Both the old interpreters and Choo give this 定無之自日定相之土日 俾也可忘 良。人 胡 居 好。人是居 兮。方。房 胡今。冒。月 二章 能德乃 我能逝乃諸。 忘有音如出報。有不如下 2 0 sun, 0 moon, Which overshadow this lower earth! Here is this man, Who will not be friendly with me. How can he get his mind settled? 3 Osun, Omoon, Which come forth from the east! With virtuous words, but really not good. How can he get his mind settled? Would he then allow me to be forgotten? interpretation of the piece; but the former re- turn in the narration or discourse (巧,轉 fer it to the time when she was suffering from the usurpation and oppressive ways of Chow-yu,語詞也)'; and Wang Yin-che takes 乃 long after the death of duke Chwang. To this view Choo very properly objects; the individual, here and elsewhere, in the same way of whom the piece complains is evidently still 如亦轉語詞也). So, he adds, 乃若 alive, and a faint hope is intimated that he would change his course. It is strange that critics like Yen Ts'an should still hold to the in Mencius, IV. Pt. ii. XXVIII. 7, et al., though the characters are also found at the beginning of opinion of Maou Choo is also correct in say- paragraphs. 之人,一之=此or是,(this." ing that the whole is narrative. There is no allusion, as the old school thinks, in the sun and moon to the marquis and his wife. The suffering lady simply appeals to those heavenly by Choo and Wang Yin-che, is taken as simply an initial particle. This is better than to try, with Maou and Wang T'aou, to explain we also find bodies, as if they were taking cognizance of the it by 逮 or 及. Instead of 逝 way in which she was treated. As well might it be said that there is a similar allusion in her and, used in the same way. Choo acappeal to her parents in the last stanza. LI. 1, 2, in all the stt.居 and 諸 see knowledges that he does not understand 處, but he gives the explanation of some other on I.5. I have not translated 臨 but it has critic-以古道相處 -古道相處, as in the trans its meaning of 'a superior's regarding those be-| lation; which is the best that can be made of low him'冒=覆 ‘to cover,' to oversha- | it. Chwang Këang was not treated as the andow' In stt. 3, 4, the writer is thinking of the cient rules laid down that a wife should be. In sun as it rises daily in the east, and of the moon 德音,the音=言語 五words. So, Choo as it does so when it is full. Obs. how in st. 4 the and Yen Ts'an. Wang Taou prefers to take the phrase in the sense, which it sometimes has, of 自 follows the noun which it governs. L1.3,4. 乃如 must be taken as a compound 命名, ‘a good name, or reputation, In 音 conjunction, nearly equivalent to our but' 我不卒音=養‘to nourish;' and Talone has often this meaning, indicating ‘a = 'end,' or 'conclusion.' The 'Complete 我有卒。今自 諸。日 不定。胡我母出。 能不兮。父方月 Omoon, From the east which come forth! O father, O mother, There is no sequel to your nourishing of me. How can he get his mind settled? Would he then respond to me, contrary to all reason? V. Chung fung. 是中笑謔則顧且終 悼。 、敖。酒 笑,我暴風 1 The wind blows and is fierce. He looks at me and smiles, With scornful words and dissolute,-the smile of pride. To the centre of my heart I am grieved. 四章 Digest'expands the line very well:一个我| ten? As Choo expands it:何獨使我 中道見棄何父母養我不終 為可忘者耶. So also the last line in 也 L1.5,6. Both 胡and寜 have the sense of 何,‘how.’So, Choo. Maou explains 胡in the same way by ff; but he says nothing of. Wang Yin-che takes here in the sense of 乃 or會, denoting a turn in the discourse’; but the meaning comes to the same thing, the 5th and 6th lines being construed closely to gether. The mind of the marquis was all per verted; could it but get settled as it ought to be, he would treat the speaker differently. To quote again from the ‘Complete Digest:’一心 志囘惑亦胡能有定哉使 其有定則古道之善宜知 之也,何為獨不我顧也報 -, 'to respond to.' The speaker did her duty as a wife. She longed for the marquis to respond to her with the duty of a husband. The last line in st.3 is difficult to construe. It is still interrogative like those of the preceding stanzas: -' would it be given to me to be forgot st.4 may be regarded as interrogative, though we are able to translate it as it stands. 逃= 循,‘to be in accordance with,'i. e, with the principles of reason. So, both Maou and Choo. According to Choo's interpretation of this ode and the next, which I believe to be correct, they ought to take precedence of the last. t.2 The rhymes are–in st.1,土處顧,cnt.5, t. 2: in 2, 冒 * 好 · 報 * cat.3, t. 2: in 3, cat.10: in 4, 出卒述,cat.15, 方良忘, 2 The wind blows, with clouds of dust. Kindly he seems to be willing to come to me; [But] he neither goes nor comes. Long, long, do I think of him. 3 The wind blew, and the sky was cloudy; Before a day elapses, it is cloudy again. I think of him, and gasp. 4 All cloudy is the darkness, And the thunder keeps muttering. I awake and cannot sleep; I think of him, and my breast is full of pain. Maou treats the piece as allusive; it seems better to understand with Choo that the stanzas all begin with a metaphorical description of the harassing conduct of duke Chwang. 來。 莫 莫 來。 二章 終風且 霾。 muttering of thunder before it bursts into a crash, while Maou makes it the crash itself. Stt.1,2. L1.2–4. The 2d line describes some titful gleams of kindness shown by duke Chwang; Stt. 1.2. Ll.1. Maou and Choo both explain and the 3d line, how they were only deceitful day.' Wang Yin-che, as has already been observed, takes here, and generally in the 終風by終日風, (wind through all the and mocking. 謔一戲言, sportive, or scornful words.'浪一放蕩 ‘dissolute,' 笑敖 all together by 戲謔.莫往莫 *unlicensed, The Urh-ya explains 謔浪 She, as; which is ingenious, and probably correct. 暴=疾,‘rapid,’fierce' The Urh ya says, 風而雨土爲霾, (wind after which the dust descends like rain is Stt. 3, 4. Ll. 1, 2. denotes 'dark and windy';–the wind blowing, and clouds at the express the uncertainty and changeableness of duke Chwang's moods. He would neither go nor come; was neither one thing nor another. Maou's explanation of the line is very farfetched.-Chow-yu did not come as a son to serve Chwang Keang, and she could not go and show to him the affection of a mother.' 悼=傷 to be wounded,' ie, with grief. 悼=傷‘to same time obscuring the sun. In 不日有 late the 1st line of st.3 in the past tense. are then led to think of the sky clearing for a time; but before a day elapses again overcast. The reduplication of ), it is in st.4 denotes the app. of the darkness or cloudi -see on i. I. Stt. 2, 3, 4, L1. 3, 4. simply as a particle. Here it the line as in ode I., stt. 4, 5. a particle, we cannot explain by 'to wish,' ness,' and 虺虺 signifies, acc. to Choo, the Maou says nothing about it, but Choo defines it VI. Keih koo. 憂不平從我土踊擊 心我陳孫獨國躍 有以與子南城用 一章 忡。歸。宋。仲。行。漕。兵。鐘。 1 Hear the roll of our drums! See how we leap about, using our weapons! Those do the fieldwork in the State, or fortify Ts'aou, While we alone march to the south. 2 We followed Sun Tsze-chung, Peace having been made with Ch'in and Sung; [But] he did not lead us back, And our sorrowful hearts are very sad. by, 'to think.' There is a difficulty with te, | States, if he attacked Ching; and having made an agreement with Sung, Chin and Tsae, a combined force marched against that State. Its operations lasted only 5 days; but very soon, in autumn, the troops, having been joined by a body of men from Loo, returned to the south, and carried off all the grain of Ching from the fields. It is supposed that it is to these operations that the ode refers, and I would assign it to the period of the second expedition. The soldiers had hoped to return to their families at the conclusion of the former service; and finding that another was to be performed, they gave vent to their aggrieved feelings in these stanzas. We must bear in mind, however, that this interpretation of the piece is only traditional. St.1. denotes the sound of the drums. The line is twice quoted in the Shwoh-wăn, and once we have this character with instead of , or, acc. to Luh Teh-ming, by meaning 'to open the mouth wide,' 'to gape.' I venture, therefore, to give the meaning in the translation. Maou explains by 'to be pained'; and Choo, by, to think.' The speaker-probably the more correct form. The cherished her husband despairingly in her thoughts. demonstrative force of the justifies the translation 'Hear! denotes sharp, pointed weapons. The drum gave the signal for action or advance. The troops are here represented as bestirring themselves on hearing it. 土土功, (field labour'國=國中 |