1 He has many carriages, giving forth their lin-lin; He has horses with their white foreheads.

Before we can see our prince,

We must get the services of the eunuch.

2 On the hill-sides are varnish trees;

In the low wet grounds are chestnuts.

When we have seen our prince,

We sit together with him, and they play on their lutes.

If now we do not take our joy,

The time will pass till we are octogenarians.

TITLE OF THE BOOK.-秦一之十

was

was invested with the small territory of Ts'in, as 'The odes of Ts'in; Book XI. of Part I.' The an attached State. His great-grandson, called State of Tsin took its name from its earliest | Tsin-chung, or Chung of Tsin (秦仲), principal city,–in the pres. dis. of Tsing-shwuy made a great officer of the court by king Seuen, (清水), Tsin-chow (泰州), Kan-suh. in B. C. 826; and his grandson, again, known as duke Sëang (襄公), in consequence of his loyal services, in 769, when the capital of Chow

Its chiefs claimed to be descended from Yih, or

Pih-yih (伯益), Shun's forester, and the as

sistant of the great Yu in his labours on the deluge, from whom he got the clan-name of

Ying(赢). Among his descendants, we are told, there was a Chung-keueh (仲潏), who resided among the wild tribes of the west for the protection of the western borders of the kingdom of Shang. The sixth in descent from him, called Ta-loh(大駱), had a son, Feitsze(), who had charge of the herds of horses belonging to king Hëaou (B.C. 908894), and in consequence of his good services

was moved to the east, was raised to the dignity of an earl, and took his place among the great feudal princes of the kingdom, receiving a large portion of territory, which included the ancient

capital of the House of Chow.–In course of time, Ts'in, as is well known, superseded the dynasty of Chow, having gradually moved its capital more and more to the east, after the example, in earlier times, of Chow itself. The people of Tsin were, no doubt, composed of the

wild tribes of the west, though the ruling chiefs among them may have come originally from the more civilized China on the east. The descent from Pih-yih belongs to legend, not to history.

亡。逝者鼓子旣隰阪其 者不見有有耋。

3

其樂。今坐君楊。桑。

On the hill-sides are mulberry trees;

In the low wet grounds are willows.

When we have seen our prince,

We sit together with him, and they play on their organs.

If now we do not take our joy,

The time will pass till we are no more.

于從媚

狩。公子。之

II. Sze t'ëeh.

六孔驗駟

手.轡
轡阜。

阜。臟

1 His four iron-black horses are in very fine condition;

The six reins are in the hand [of the charioteer]..

The ruler's favourites

Follow him to the chase.

Ode 1. Narrative and allusive. CELEBRATING THE GROWING OPULENCE AND STYLE OF SOME LORD OF TS'IN, AND THE PLEASURES AND FREEDOM OF HIS COURT.

The Preface says that the lord of Tsin here intended was Ts'in-chung, mentioned in the note above. Choo, however,

remarks that there is nothing in the piece to

make us refer it to Tsin-chung. This is true; but we must believe it was made at an early period, when the State was emerging from its obscurity and weakness.

St.1. 鄰鄰 is defined as the noise of

many chariots.' The character here was probably formed originally by, with the phonetic on the right.巔, here, 額, forehead.

The horses would have a white spot in their

foreheads. By 君子 we are to understand •the ruler of Tsin寺人=閹官a

eunuch-officer.' There were eunuchs about the

court of Chow, though not in any great number.

From the Tso-chuen we know that in

the Ch'un-ts'ëw period, they were in the

great feudal courts. The mention of one here, Men. VII, Pt. ii. XXX. 2. I take as in x.I.,

whose services were necessary to announce the

wish of a high officer (such we must suppose. Eighty years old is called

the speaker to have been) to have an interview with the ruler, is intended to show that the court of Ts'in was now assuming all the insignia of the other States of the kingdom.

Stt. 2, 3, 11. 1, 2. Perhaps the allusion here is

The rhymes are–in st. 1, 鄰顛令 cat.

**

12, t. 1: in 2,,,,, ib., t. 3: in

3. 桑楊簧亡cat.10.

2 The male animals of the season are made to present themselves,

The males in season, of very large size.

The ruler says, 'To the left of them;'

Then he lets go his arrows and hits.

3 He rambles in the northern park;
His four horses display their training.

Light carriages, with bells at the horses' bits,

Convey the long and short-mouthed dogs.

Ode 2. Narrative. CELEBRATING THE GROWING OPULENCE OF THE LORDS OF TS'IN, AS SEEN IN THEIR HUNTING. The Preface refers this piece to duke Sëang, also mentioned in the introductory note, on his being raised to the dignity of earl by king Ping, and assuming the style becoming his rank; but such a reference is entirely outside the piece itself.

St.1. is descriptive of the colour of the horses. Luh Teen says that the term has reference not only to their iron colour, but also to their iron strength (EX. Maou explains by large ;' Choo adds J,

'fat.' L.2. We must understand that the reins

were in the hand of the charioteer; but I do not see, with Maou, that the line is intended to indicate his skill, but simply his holding the reins in his hand. With a team of 4 horses, there were of course 8 reins, but the two inner reins of the outsiders were somehow attached to the car

riage; so that the driver held only 6 in his hand. L.3. A ‚—as in iii.XIII. 3, et al. We need not translate it by ‘duke.' is in the sense of

'to love.' Yen Ts'an and Choo both understand the line as in the translation; Maou's view of it is much too far-fetched, the duke's officers, who love him above them, and the people below them.' L.4., the winter hunt,' is here probably the chase,' generally. St. 2 describes the action of the chase. As a

nominative to 奉

we must understand 虞人,

'the forester,' and his attendants, who have surrounded the animals in season, so as to afford plenty of sport. - 'these ;'

辰=時,‘season; 牡=獸之牧者

the males of the animals.' The 'these' represents the scene graphically, as if passing before the speaker's eye. L.3., left it,'=

to

the left with the carriage. L. 4.

the end of an arrow,' not 'the barb,' as

Williams says; so that 舍放矢

'he discharges his arrows.'

St.3 supposes the hunting finished. The action is now transferred to some park, north is here evidently

of the capital of Ts'in.

synonymous with, a park,' though it is now confined mainly to the signification of 'garden.' Ying-tah says that the difference between them was in their being enclosed, the by a wall, and the by a hedge or fence. L2.

or
'to put through their practice.'
The horses now went gently along, not driven
about as in the chase, and displayed the skill
with which they had been trained..
'light.' These were used to prevent the ani-
mals of the chase from escaping out of the
circle in which they were enclosed, and for the
purpose here mentioned. On each side of the
bits() of the horses in them were suspend-
ed bells, called here being supposed to
emit a sound like that of the fabulous bird so
called. L.4. Both Maou and Choo say that
was the name for long-muzzled dogs,' and

E , that for dogs with short muzzles.'

These last characters, if we are to accept this explanation of them, should be formed with 犬, instead of 欠 and馬, as indeed they

are in the Shwoh-wăn.

III. Sëaou jung.

温 駕文陰游五 小

我茵鞋

戎 小

如君騏暢鋈脅梁 戎 玉子馵轂續.驅。輈。收

1 [There is] his short war carriage;

。

With the ridge-like end of its pole, elegantly bound in five places;

With its slip rings and side straps;

And the traces attached by gilt rings to the masked transverse;

With its beautiful mat of tiger's skin, and its long naves;

With its piebalds, and horses with white left feet.

When I think of my husband [thus],

Looking bland and soft as a piece of jade;
Living there in his plank house;

It sends confusion into all the corners of my heart.

Ode 3. Narrative. THE LADY OF AN OFFICER

ABSENT ON AN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE TRIBES
OF THE WEST GIVES A GLOWING DESCRIPTION
OF HIS CHARIOT, AND PRAISES HIMSELF, EX-
PRESSING, BUT WITHOUT MURMURING, HER OWN
REGRET AT HIS ABSENCE.
The Preface says the
piece is in praise of duke Sëang; which is alto-
gether foreign to its spirit, though it may, or
may not, have belonged to his time. He received
a charge from king Ping to subdue the tribes
referred to in it, and the struggle between them
and Tsin long continued. Both the Preface
and Choo suppose two speakers in each stanza,
referring the 1st six lines to the followers of
the officer, and the last four to his wife. This
destroys the unity of the verses. They are,
evidently, all the language of the wife, and we
thus have in her a fine specimen of a Ts'in ma-
tron, public-spirited and tender-hearted;
Keang Ping-chang, in loc.

see

St.1. L.1. here denotes the ordinary war-chariot, called 'small (),' to distinguish it from a larger one, which we shall by and by meet with. is used in the sense of the boards forming the back and front of the carriage.' They are called 'shallow (-),' or short as we must translate, because the war chariot was much shorter than the carriage or waggon used for ordinary purposes. The width of both was the same,-6 ft. 6 in ; but the latter was 8 ft. long, and the former only 4 ft. 4 in. L.2. was the end of the pole, where the yoke for the two inside horses was attached. It rose

in a curve, like the ridge of a house (),

VOL. IV.

'orna

and was bound in 5 places with leather, which gave it an elegant appearance. mental bands of leather.' L. 3. 'The slip

moving) rings' were attached somewhow to the backs of the inside horses, and the off reins of the outsides were drawn through them, so that the driver could keep those horses in control, if they tried to start off from the others. The side straps,' it is said, were tixed to the running along the 'sides' of the insiders, and so ends of the yoke and the front of the carriage, preventing the other horses from pressing in upon them. The force of the I cannot discover. The student must bear in mind, that in those times the team of a chariot consisted of 4 horses, which were driven abreast or nearly so, and not yoked two behind, and two in front.

L.4. means a trace (所以)

What

is here spoken of are the traces attached in front to the necks or breasts of the outsiders,

and behind to the front of the chariot. The

places where they were so attached to the carriage were somehow masked or concealed

(陰); the attachment (續) was made by

means of gilt rings. L.5. is the mat of tiger's skin' which was spread in the carriage. -, 'long,' For the sake of greater strength the naves of the wheels in a warchariot were made of extraordinary size. L.6. Yoked in it are our piebalds,' &c. The terms descriptive of the horses are defined as in the translatiou.

孔

騆在四

之合
驅驪是驂

明然我念之

言念君子

在邑 方何爲期

蒙伐有

苑。

篇 觼龍

手。牡我

孔 心

阜。曲。

期其 其輌盾中。轡

2 His four horses are in very fine condition,

And the six reins are in the hand [of the charioteer].

Piebald, and bay with black mane, are the insides;

Yellow with black mouth, and black, are the outsides;

Side by side are placed the dragon-figured shields;
Gilt are the buckles for the inner reins.

I think of my husband [thus],
Looking so mild in the cities there.

What time can be fixed for his return?
Oh! how I think of him!

3 His mail-covered team moves in great harmony;
There are the trident spears with their gilt ends;
And the beautiful feather-figured shield;

L1. 7–10.言 is the particle. 君子,一| driver to manage. 以 must be disregarded, as ‘husband,’as in i. X., et al. The 甘 in 1. 8,

heart.'

阜

曲‘bends of the

St. 2. 四牡−the horses were entire. 孔 , as in II. 1. L.3. 颟 is 'a red horse, with a black mane.' denotes the 'middle' horses, the insiders, called 服馬. L. 4. The

outsiders were called ts'an. Maou defines

as in the transl. L. 4. The shields are called 'dragon,' from having the figure of a dragon drawn upon them. They were set up in the front of the carriage, and helped to protect those in it from the missiles and arrows of the enemy.

L. 6. By is meant the two inner reins of the outsiders, which were attached by buckles

(觼-環之有香者) to the front of the carriage, leaving only six reins' for the

a mere particle, and the line='the reins with their gilt buckles.’

Ll. 7, 10.邑 may be taken of the cities or

towns on the western border of Ts'in, or those

of the western tribes. 一將,‘there will be. 胡然

,—as in iv. III. 2.

St. 3. L. 1. has here the sense of 'mailed,'

the mail for the horses being _made of ‘thin' plates of metal, scale-like.羣一和char

monious,' referring to the unison of their move

ments. L. 2. The k'ew maou is defined as 'a

three cornered spear (三隅矛); but it is

figured as a trident. The end of its shaft (
was gilt. L. 3. 伐 is here used in the sense of
shield,' specifically one of middle size. The

Shwoh-wăn gives the character as 早 with 戈