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5. The Tung fang we ming is directed against the neglect of the proper seasons

for affairs.

The court disregarded the times for rising and sleeping; its commands came forth at improper times; the officer of the clepsydra was not able to discharge his duties.

6. The Nun shan is directed against duke Sëang (B.c. 696-685).

His conduct was like that of a beast, for he maintained an incestuous connection with his sister. [Some] great officer, in consequence of this wickedness, made the piece, and left the court.

7. In the Foo t'een a great officer speaks against duke Sëang.

Without propriety or righteousness he aimed at great achievements, and without cultivating virtue he sought to gain the chief place among the States. His great aims [only] toiled his mind, the way in which he sought them not being the proper

one.

8. The Loo ling is directed against the wild addiction to hunting.

Duke Seang was fond of the chase. He pursued it with hand-net and shootingline, not attending to the business of the people. The people suffered from his course, and here set forth the ancient ways in condemnation of his.

9. The Pe kow is directed against Wan Këang.

The people of Ts'e hated the weakness of duke Hwan of Loo, who was not able to restrain Wăn Keang, so that she proceeded to the lewd disorders which proved calamitous to the two States.

10. In the Tsae k'eu the people of Ts'e brand duke Sëang.

Devoid of all propriety and righteousness, he made a great display of his carriage

and robes, drove rapidly on the public road, and in a great town was guilty of lewd

ness with Wăn Keang, publishing his wickedness to all the people.

11. The Etsèay is directed against duke Chwang (B.c. 692-661) of Loo.

5. 東方未明

無節也

朝廷興居無節號令不時挈壺氏不能掌其職焉

6. 南山剌襄公也

鳥獸之行淫乎其妹大夫遇是惡作詩而去之

7. 甫田大夫刺襄公也

無禮義而求大功不修德而求諸侯志大心勞所

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襄公好田獵畢弋而不修民事百姓苦之故陳古

以風焉

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齊人惡魯桓公微弱不能防閑文姜使至淫亂為

二國患焉

10. 載驅齊人刺襄公也

無禮義故盛其車服疾驅於通道大都與姜淫

播其惡於萬民焉

11. 猗嗟刺魯莊公也

The people of Ts'e were pained by duke Chwang, with dignified demeanour and skilled in arts, yet unable to restrain his mother, so that he failed in his duty as a son, and was accounted a son of the marquis of Ts'e.

ODES OF WEI.

1. The Koh keu was directed against narrowness of disposition.

The territory of Wei was narrow and confined; its people were ingenious, artful, and eager for gain; its rulers were stingy, narrow-minded, and without virtue to guide them.

2. The Fun ts'eu joo was directed against niggardliness.

The ruler was niggardly, and could be industrious; but the piece exposes his being so contrary to what was proper.

3. The Yuen yëw t'aou was directed against the times.

Some great officer made it, distressed about his ruler who, pressed hard in a small State, was yet parsimoniously stingy, unable to use his people, and giving them no lessons of virtue, so that the State was daily encroached upon and stript of territory. 4. In the Chih hoo we have a filial son abroad on the public service, and thinking of his parents.

The State was hard-pressed, and suffering frequent dismemberment. It was obliged to engage in service for greater States, so that parents [and children], elder and younger brother, were separated and dispersed. [In such a state of things], this piece was made.

5. The Shih mow che këen was directed against the times.

It tells how the State was dismembered and made small, so that the people had not space to dwell in it.

齊人傷魯莊公有威儀技藝然而不能以禮防閑其 母失子之道人以為齊侯之子焉

1. 葛屨刺福也

魏地隘,其民機巧趨利其君儉嗇福急而無德以

將之

2. 汾沮洳刺儉也

其君儉以能勤剌不得禮也

3. 園有桃刺時也

大夫憂其君國小而廹而儉以嗇不能用其民而無

德教日以侵削故作是詩也

岵孝子行役思念父母也

國迫而數侵削役乎大國父母兄弟離散而作是詩也

5. 十畝之閒剌時也

言其國

小民無所居焉

6. The Fah t'an was directed against greediness.

Those in office were covetous and mean, taking their salaries, without doing service for them, so that superior men could not get employment.

7. The Shih shoo was directed against heavy exactions.

The people brand in it their ruler, levying heavy exactions, and silkworm-like eating them up, not attending well to the government, greedy and yet fearful, like a great rat.

T'ANG.

1. The Sih-tsuh was directed against duke He of Tsin (B.c. 839-822). He was economical, but in being so violated the rules of propriety; and the people made this piece in compassion for him, wishing him to take his pleasure when it was the ti.ne for it, and according to propriety. This Book contains the odes of Tsin, which is called Tang, because the people in their deep anxieties with thought of the future, and their economy regulated by propriety, exemplified the manners which had come down to them from the example of Yaou.

2. The Shan yëw chfoo was directed against duke Ch'aou of Tsin (B.C.744-738). Unable to cultivate the right method to order his State, with wealth and yet unable to use his people, possessed of bells and drums and yet incapable of taking pleasure from them, not sprinkling and sweeping his court-yards, the government was neglected, and the people dispersed. He was going on to ruin, and the States all around were plotting to take his territories, without his being aware of it. The people therefore made this piece to express their condemnation of him.

3. The Yang che shwuy was directed against duke Ch'aou of Tsin.

He divided his State, and invested (his uncle] with Yuh, which increased and be

came strong, while he grew small and weak. The people were about to revolt and go over to Yuh.

6. 伐檀刺貪也

在位貪鄙無功而受祿君子不得進仕爾

7. 碩鼠刺重斂也

國人刺其君重斂蠶食於民不修其政貪而畏人

若大鼠也

1. 蟋蟀剌晉僖公也

儉不中禮故作是詩

之欲其及時以禮自虞

樂也,此晉也而謂之唐本其風俗憂 謂之唐本其風俗憂深思遠儉而用 禮乃有堯之遺風焉

2. 山有樞刺晉昭公也

不能修道以正其國有財不能用有鍾鼓不能以

自樂有朝廷不能洒埽政荒民散將以危亡四鄰謀 取其國家而不知國人作詩以刺之也

3. 楊之水剌晉昭公也

4. The Tsëuou lëaou was directed against duke Ch'aou of Tsin.

Superior men, seeing the opulence and strength of Yuh, and how [its chief] attended to his government, knew how it would increase in prosperity and size, and that his descendants would possess the State of Tsin.

5. The Chow mow was directed against the disorders of Tsin.

In consequence of the disorder marriages were not entered into at the proper time for them.

6. The Te too was directed against the times.

The ruler was unable to keep the affections of his relatives; his own flesh and blood were separated from him and dispersed; he dwelt alone and brotherless; and he would be swallowed up by Yuh.

7. The Kaou k'ew was directed against the times.

The people of Tsin brand in it those who were in office, and did not compassionate their people.

8. The Paou yu was directed against the times.

After duke Ch'aou there was great confusion through five changes of ruler. Some man of position, obliged to descend and go forth on the public service, so that he was prevented from nourishing his parents, made the piece.

9. The Woo e expresses admiration of duke Woo of Tsin (B.c. 678-676). Immediately on his absorption of that State, one of his great officers, requesting in his behalf the confirmation of his right in it from an envoy of the king, made the piece.

10. The Yew te che too was directed against duke Woo of Tsin.

The duke standing in his solitary distinction, though all the branches of his House were subject to him, did not seek for men of worth to help himself.

昭公分國以封沃沃盛彊昭公微弱國人將叛而

歸沃焉

4.椒聊刺晉昭公也

君子見沃之盛彊能修其政,知其蕃盛大子孫

有晉國焉

5. 綢繆刺晉亂也

國亂則昏姻不得其時焉

6. 杕杜刺時也

君不能親其宗族骨肉離散獨居而無兄弟將爲

沃所爾

7.羔裘刺時也

晉人刺其在位不恤其民也

8.羽刺時也

昭公之後大亂五世君子下從征役不得養其

母而作是詩也

9. 無衣美晉武公也

武公始幷晉國其大夫為之請命乎天子之使而作

是詩也

10. 有秋之杜刺晉武公也

武公寡特兼其宗族而不求賢以自輔焉

11. The Koh sáng was directed against duke Hëen of Tsin (B.c. 675-650). Fond of warfare, he occasioned the death of many of the people.

12. The Ts'ae ling was directed against duke Hëen of Tsin.

He was fond of listening to slanders.

TS'IN.

1. The Keu lin was in praise of Chung of Ts'in (B.c. 843-821).

With him began the greatness of Ts'in, and he had what men prize,-chariots and horses, observances of ceremony, music, and attendants.

2. The Sze t'eeh was in praise of duke Sëang (B.c. 776-765).

He first was constituted a prince of the kingdom, engaged in the chase, and had the pleasure of parks.

3. The Sëaou jung was in praise of duke Sëang.

He made complete preparation of arms to punish the western Jung, who were then in such strength that his expeditions against them never ceased. The people gloried in the chariots and mail, while wives were moved with pity for their husbands. 4. The Këen kěa was directed against duke Sëang.

Incapable of using the proprieties of Chow, there was no way for him to strengthen his State.

5. The Chung-nan conveyed a warning to duke Sëang.

He was able to secure to himself the territory of Chow, took his place, the first

in Ts in, as a prince of the empire, and received the dress of that distinction. Some

great officer, admiring him, made this piece, to warn and advise him.

11. 葛生刺晉獻公也

好攻戰則國人多喪矣

12. 采茶刺晉獻公也

獻公好聽讒焉

1.車鄰美秦仲也

秦仲始大有車馬禮樂侍御之好焉

2. 駟美襄公也

始命有田狩之事園之樂焉

3. 小戎美襄公也

備其兵甲以討西戎西戎方彊而征伐不休國人則

矜其車甲婦人能閔其君子焉

4.蒹葭刺襄公也

未能用周禮將無以固其國焉

5. 終南戒襄公也

能取周地始為諸侯受顯服大夫美之故作是詩

以戒勸之

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