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2. The Yew pein celebrates the praise of duke He, showing how well-ordered was the relation between the ruler and his ministers.

3. The Pwan shuuy celebrates the praise of duke He, showing how he repaired the college of the State.

4. The Pei kung celebrates the praise of duke He, showing how he recovered all the territory of the duke of Chow.

Book III. SACRIFICIAL ODES OF SHANG.

1. The Na was used in sacrificing to T'ang the successful.

Between the viscount of Wei and duke Tae, the ceremonies and music [of Shang] had fallen into neglect and been lost. Then one Ching-k'aou-foo got twelve of the sacrificial odes of Shang from the grand music-master of Chow, at the head of which he placed the Na.

2. The Lich tsoo was used in sacrificing to Chung-tsung.

3. The Heven nüam was used in sacrificing to Kaou-tsung.

4.

The Chang jah was used in the great sacrifice to the remote ancestor of Shang.

5. The Yin woo was used in sacrificing to Kaou-tsung.

2. 有驅,頌僖公君臣之有道也

3沣水頌僖公能修泮宮也

4. 閟宮頌僖公能復周公之宇也

商頌四之三

1. 那成湯也

微子至于戴公其閒禮樂廢壤有正考甫者得商頌

十二篇於周之大師,以那為首

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也也 也

5. 殷武视高宗也

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Five pieces; the Sacrificial odes of Shang. Of the Na (I.), the Lech tsoo (II.), and the Chang fah (IV.), the date of the composition is uncertain. I think that Ode IV. is the oldest, and may have been made any time after B.C. 1,719.

The Heuen neaon (III.) and the Yin woo (V.) were made after B.C. 1,261. Ode V. should be referred, probably, to the reign of Te-yih, B.C. 1,190—1,154.

II. BELONGING TO THE TIME OF KING WAN....................... Thirty-four or thirty-five pieces. These are commonly included in the three hundred and six pieces of the Chow dynasty; but we can only date the commencement of that from the reign of Wan's son, king Woo. The composition, or the collection at least, of most of the Odes relating to Wan and his affairs, is attributed to his son Tan, the duke of Chow, and must be referred to the reigns of kings Woo and Ching..

These pieces embrace :

In Part I., all the 11 pieces of Book I.:-the Kwan ts'eu, the Koh t'an, the Keuen urh, the Kew muh, the Chung-sze, the Taou yaou, the Too tseu, the Fow e, the Han kwang, the Joo fun, and the Lin che che; and 12, or perhaps 13 pieces, of Book II.:-the Ts'eoh ch'aou, the Ts'ae fan, the Ts'anu ch'ung, the Ts'ae pin, the Hang loo, the Kaou yang, the Yin k'e luy, the Peaou you mei, the Seaou sing, the Yay yew sze keun, the Keang yew sze and the Tsow yu, with perhaps also the Kan tang (V.)

In Part II., 8 pieces of Book I.:-the Luh ming, the Sze mow, the Hwang-hwang chay hwa, the Fah muh, the Teen paou, the Tsae we, the Ch'uh keu, and the Te too.

In Part III., 3 pieces of Book I.:-the Yih p'oh, the Han luh, and the Ling t'ae.

III. BELONGING TO THE CHOW DYNASTY.

[i.] Of the time of King Woo......

In all 8 or 9 pieces, viz.

In Part I., Book II., the Ho pe nung e, and perhaps the Kan t'ang; In Part II., the Nan kas of Book I.; the Pih hwa, the Hwa shoo, and the Yu le, of Book II, though the date of these pieces is not certain;

In Part III., the Meen, the Sze chae, and the Hwang e,-all in Book I. [ii] Of the time of King Ching.......

In all 60 pieces, viz.—

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In Part I., all the seven pieces of Book XV., the Ts'ih yuch, the Ch'e-heaou, the Tung shan, the P'o foo, the Fah ko, the Kew yih, and the Lang poh. All these are assigned to the duke of Chow in the reign of Ching.

In Part II., ten pieces :-the Chang te, of Book I.; the Yew kăng, the Nan yew kea-yu, the Sung k'ew, the Nan shan yew t'ae, the Yew e, the Luh seaou, and the Chan loo, of Book II.; the Tung kung, and the Ts'ing-ts'ing chay ngo, of Book III. Of these ten pieces, however, Choo He thinks that the date of all but the first is uncertain.

In Part III., twelve pieces :-the Wan wang, the Ta ming, the Hea woo and the Wan wang yew shing, of Book I.; the Săng min, the Hãng wei, the Ke tsuy, the Hoo e, the Kea loh, the Kung Lew, the Heung choh, and the K'euen o, of Book II.

In Part IV. thirty-one pieces, viz.-all the pieces of Book I. [i.]:the Tsʻing meaou, the Wei Teen che ming, the Wei ts'ing, the Leeh wăn, the Teen tsoh, the Haou Teen yew ch'ing ming (assigned by Choo He to the time of king K‘ang), the Go tseang, the She mae (assigned by Choo to the time of king Woo), the Chih king (assigned by Choo to the time of king Ch'aou), and the Sze wăn; all the pieces of Book I. [.]-the Shin kung, the E he (assigned by Choo to the time of king Kang), the Chin loo, the Fung neen, the Yew koo, the Ts'een, the Yung (assigned by Choo to the time of king Woo), the Tsae heen, the Yew k'ih, and the Woo; and all the pieces of Book I. [iii.]:the Min yu seaou tsze, the Tag loh, the King che, the Seaou pe, the Tsae shoo, the Leang sze, the Sze, the Choh, the Hwan, the Lae, and the Pan.

[iv.] of the time of King E (E).........

Five pieces, all in Part I. Book VIII.:-the Ke ming, the Seuen, the Choo, the Tung fang che jih, and the Tung fang we ming. All these are supposed to belong to duke Gae of Ts'e or his times, but Choo He considers their date uncertain.

[v.] of the time of king E (E).

One piece, the Pih chow of Part I., Book III., assigned to the time of duke King of Wei; but Choo He would place it later in the time of king P'ing.

[vi.] Of the time of the above king E or of king Le. Four pieces, all those of Part I., Book XIII., but Choo considers them to be of uncertain date:-the Kaou kew, the Soo kwan, the Sih yew ch'ang tsoo, and the Fei fung.

[vii.] Of the time of king Le.....

In all, eleven pieces, viz.

Two in Part I., Book XII.:-the Yuen k'ew, and the Tung mun che fun. Choo considers both these as of uncertain date.

Four pieces in Part II.:-the Shih yuch che keaou (correctly assigned by Choo to the time of king Yew), and the Yu woo ching (Choo would also assign a later date to this), in Book IV.; the Seaou min, and the Seaou yuen, both considered by Choo to be of uncertain date.

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Five pieces in Part III.:-the Min laou, and the Pan, of Book II.; the Tang, the Yih (correctly assigned by Choo to the time of king P'ing), and the Sang yew of Book III.

[viii] Of the period Kung-ho......

One piece, the Sih tsuh of Part I., Book X., but Choo considers the date to be uncertain,

[ix.] Of the time of king Seuen..... Twenty-five pieces, viz.—

In Part I., five pieces :-the Pih chow of Book IV.; the Keu lin of Book XI. (according to Choo uncertain); and the Hung Mûn, the Tung mun che ch'e, and the Tung mun che yang, of Book XII., all according to Choo uncertain.

In Part II., fourteen pieces, viz.

In Book III., the Luh yuch, the Ts'ae k'e, the Kou kung, the Keih jih, the Hung yen, the Ting leaou (according to Choo uncertain), the Meen shwuy (acc. to Choo uncertain), and the Hoh ming (acc. to Choo uncertain); in Book IV., the Ke foo, the Pih keu, the Hwang neaou, the Go hung k'e yay, the Sze kan, and the Woo yang, all according to Choo of uncertain date.

In Part III., six pieces, viz.-

The Yun han, the Sung kaou, the Ching min, the Han yih, the Keang han, and the Chang woo, all in Book III., and all admitted by Choo, but the Han yih, of which he considers the date uncertain.

[x.] Of the time of king Yew.............

In all forty-two pieces, viz.

Of Part II. 40 pieces:-in Book IV., the Tsech nan shan, and the Ching yueh (Choo considers the date of this uncertain, but there is some internal evidence for its being of the time of king Yew); in Book V., the Seaou pwan, the K'eaou yen, the Ho jin sze, the Heang pih, the Kuh fung, the Luh go, the Ta tung, and the Sze yuch, the date of all of which is with Choo uncertain; in Book VI., the Pih shan, the Woo tseang ta keu, the Seaou ming, the Koo chung, the Ts'oo tsize, the Sin nan shan, the Foo teen, the Ta teen, the Chen pe Loh e, and the Shang-shang chay hwa, of all which Choo denies the assigned date, excepting in the case of the Koo chung; in Book VII., the Sang hoo, the Yuen yang, the Kwei peen, the Keu heah, the Tsing ying, the Pin che tsoo yen, the Yu tsʻaou, the Ts'ae shuh, the Keoh kung, and the Yuh lew,-but of these Choo allows only the Pin che tsoo yen to be capable of determinate reference to the time of Yew; and in Book VIII., the Too jin sze, the Ts'ae luh, the Shoo meaou (referred by Choo to the time of king Seuen), the Sih sang, the Pih hwa, the Meen man, the Hoo yeh, the Ts'een tseen che shih, the Teaou che hura, and the Ho ts'aou pah hwang, but Choo only agrees in assigning the Pih hwa and the Ho ts'aou puh hwang to Yew's reign.

In Part III., Book III. two pieces;-the Chen jang and the Shaou min.

[xi] Of the time of king P'ing...... In all 28 pieces, viz.

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In Part I., 1 in Book III.,-the Luh e; 3 in Book V.,--the K'e yuh, the K'aou pwan, and the Shih jin, but Choo considers the date of the K'aou piwan to be uncertain; 6 in Book VI.,-the Shoo le, the Roun tsze yu yih, the Keun-tsze yang-yang, the Yang che shwuy, the Chung kuh yeu tuy, and the Koh luy, of which Choo agrees in the assignment of one only, the Yang che shwuy; 7 in Book VII.,-the Tsze e, the Tseang chung-tsze, the Shuh yu t'een, the Ta shuh yu teen, the Kaou keur, the Tsun ta loo, and the Neu yueh ke ming, of which Choo allows the assignment of the Tsze e, the Shuh yu t'een, and the Ta shuh yu t'een; 7 in Book X.,—the Shan yew ch'oo, the Yang che shwuy, the Tseaou leaou, the Chow mow, the Te too, the Kaon kew, and the Paou yu, of which Choo agrees in the assignment only of the Yang che shwuy and the Tseaou leaou; 4 in Book XI.,-the Sze t'eeh, the Seaou yung, the Keen kea, and the Chung nan, Choo allowing only the Seaou jung.

[xii.] In the reign of king Ping or king Hwan.......... Seven pieces, all of Part I., Book IX., and all, according to Choo, of uncertain date;—the Koh keu, the Hwun tseu joo, the Yuen yew taou, the Chih hoo, the Shih mow che keen, the Fah t'an, and the Shih shoo.

[xiii.] In the reign of king Hwan..... Thirty-two pieces, all of Part I., viz.—

17 in Book III.:-the Yen yen, the Jih yuch, the Chung fung, the Keih koo, the K'ae fung, the Heung che, the P'amu yew k'oo yeh, the Kuh fung, the Shih we, the Maou k'ew, the Keen he, the Treuen shwuy, the Pih mun, the Pih fung, the Tsing neu, the Sin tae, and the Urh tsze shing chow, of which Choo allows only the date assigned to the Yen yen, the Jih yuch, the Chung fung, and the Keih koo; 4 in Book IV.,-the Ts'eang yew tsze, the Keun-tsze keae laou, the Sang chung, and the Shun che pun pun, in regard to all of which but the Sang chung Choo coincides; 5 in Book V. the Măng, the Chuh kan, the Hwan lan, the Pih he, and the Yew hoo, all acc. to Choo of uncertain date; 3 in Book VI.,-the Too yuen, the Ts'ae koh, and the Ta keu, also of uncertain date with Choo; 2 in Book VII.,—the Yew neu tung keu, and the Keen shang, with him uncertain; and 1 in Book XII.,—the Moo mun, whose date Choo in the same way does not think can be determined.

[xiv.] Of the time of king Chwang... Fifteen pieces, all in Part I., viz.

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1 in Book VI.,-the K'ew chung yew ma, with Choo uncertain; 8 in Book VII., all with Chow uncertain, the Shan yew foo soo, the Toh he, the Keaou t'ung, the Fung, the Tung mun che shen, the Fung yu, the Tsze k'in, and the Yang che shwuy; and 6 in Book VIII., the date and occasion of the 2d and 3d of which only are deemed uncertain by Chow,-the Nan shan, the Foo teen, the Loo ling, the Pe kow, the Tsae k'eu, and the E tseay.

[xv.] of the time of king Le (E.......... Five pieces, all in Part I., viz.

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