On the Electro-type.'-BY CHARLES HUFFNAGLE, ESQ.

MY DEAR TORRENS,-I felt gratified, at our last meeting, to find you were also much pleased with the fac-simile of my coin of Alexander' by the Voltatype, and I cheerfully promised at your desire an account of the process, for which, and also for the successful result of the experiment, I am indebted to my talented friend Professor O'Shaughnessy. I believe detailed accounts have already appeared in print, but this mode of copying coins and medals is so exceedingly simple-the result so surprising and satisfactory, and it is so fully in the power of every body disposed to devote the slightest attention to it-that we cannot make it too widely known.

1st. You must provide yourself with a wooden cell 8 or 10 inches square-with an inside coating of sealing wax-or other cement to render it water tight. This box should be 3 inches deep, with a ledge 1 inch from the top to support a wooden shelf.

Affix to the edge of the box a brass binding-piece, formed of square brass, perforated with two holes and furnished with binding-screws.

2d. A glass cylinder open at both ends, to the lower end of which a piece of moist bladder must be secured with a waxed cord, and the diameter of this cylinder must correspond with the perforation in the shelf fitted to the square box.

3rd. Plates of sheet zinc amalgamated by mercury; i. e., by rubbing a few globules of mercury over the zinc, after dipping it into a mixture of one part of sulphuric acid and one of water, must also be provided; and these plates corresponding in length and breadth to the size of the cylinder, must be attached to a copper wire 6 or 8 inches long.

4th. A plate of copper 3 or 4 inches square with a copper wire 6 inches long.

5th. Supplies of sulphate of copper in crystals, and concentrated sulphuric acid.

When you proceed to use the apparatus, prepare a saturated solution of the blue salt, in soft hot water, strain it off turbid and allow it to cool

prepare a dilute acid with one part of concentrated sulphuric acid and a pint of water.

Brighten the copper plate and place the coin to be copied thereon, then apply a coating of bees-wax over all parts of this plate and wire, allowing the surface of the medal you wish to copy, to be the only surface exposed.

Place the plate so that it shall rest flat upon the bottom of the cellfill this with the solution of sulphate of copper to within half an inch of the top-fix in the shelf, and over the perforation place the cylinder, charged with the dilute acid. Into the acid introduce the zinc plate, and now let the wire of this as well as that of the plate of copper be inserted into the brass binding-piece.'

[The coin should be previously warmed-wax rubbed over the side we wish to copy and then the wax while warm rubbed off carefully with a soft rag. Lumps of sulphate of copper must also be placed upon the shelf in order to keep the solution in a saturated state.]

In twenty-four hours a reverse impression of your coin will be deposited, to remove which, take the coin from the copper plate, and warm it over a spirit lamp for a few seconds, then introduce the edge of an ivory knife, and you will be able to detach the copper deposit with ease. You have now only to substitute this mould as in the first step for the coin, and you will have your 'fac-simile.'

Here then you have the account you wished for, in which, recollect, I don't claim the least originality.

9th June, 1841.

Yours very truly,

CHARLES HUFFNAGLE.

Roree in Khyrpoor; its Population and Manufactures.-By CAPT. G. E. WESTMACOTT, 37th Regiment Bengal N. I.

(Continued from page 415.)

There were four paper factories in the town of Roree in 1839, worked alternately by men who had learnt the craft from their master Jhoora, the principal manufacturer, who receives two anas a day from each apprentice. The finest paper he produces is inferior in quality to that of Delhi and Agra; it is made entirely of old hempen rope and string, brought from Hyderabad in lower Sind, and sells in Roree at 6 rupees a mun; the consumption is very limited and it forms no part of the regu

lar imports of Roree. The manufacturer draws his supplies from time to time from Motoo, a suhokar of Noushuhra, who also supplies the factories of Khyrpoor and Shikarpoor. The suhokar is exempted by government from taxation, in consequence of services rendered by his ancestor to the Talpoor family of Khyrpoor, who resided, I believe, at the town of Noushuhra belonging to Meer Roostum, before they acquired sovereign power; this of course enables the suhokar to sell hemp at a cheap rate and gives him almost a monopoly of the trade.

The hemp is chopped on a plank, with a knife, int small pieces, and thrown into a washing vat one yard square, and half the depth, coated with mortar. It holds three seers of lime and two of khar (impure alkali), with water contained in five or six earthen pots; the manufacturer does not measure the water and is ignorant of the quantity required, but a pot contains usually ten seers, and when very foul and sandy it is purified with alum.

The hemp is washed, bleached, and macerated in the vat, and after being shaped into cakes and masses of all sizes, is put in the sun to dry; it is thrown afterwards into a pit to reduce it to pulp. The pit is five feet long, four feet broad, and three feet deep, paved with large stones and half of it nearest the bottom lined with stone. The tow is pounded half as long again in winter as it is in summer; in the latter season the shreds are more easily divided and macerated. Two or three men work the machine by placing one foot on a lever (F.) nine feet long, connected with a hammer (E) (see plate Fig. 4, No. 113) half the length, and the other foot on a bank of earth (B.) along side it, four feet long and eight inches high. They support themselves on a transverse rest six feet long (A.), or by grasping loops of ropes suspended from the timbers of the shop roof. The lever is kept in its place by stakes and a groove, and a transverse beam seven feet long (C.) prevents it rising above a certain level. The labour of working the pedal is extremely fatiguing in the hot months; a man sits in the pit (D.) during the operation of pounding the tow, to separate and moisten it occasionally with water, and pushes it under the hammer; this is usually done by the master; twelve hours labour are required to reduce to pulp a seer of tow, but a larger quantity is generally prepared at one time. The tow is taken from the pit in flat cakes and masses of the pulp weighing fifteen or sixteen pounds, and piled on stones in the sun to dry; afterwards it is thrown into another vat four feet square and two feet deep, lined throughout with mortar, and, after being diluted to a proper consistency with water, is separated with the hand and stirred two hours, and left about nine hours in the