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occasional bed of porphyritic gneiss, until we reach Rampore, half a mile beyond which a fine white granular quartz occurs, underlying mica slate.

These strata dip strongly to the N. E., and are seen on either side of the river, by which they appear to have been transversely divided, the lower end dipping down on the right bank, while the upper portion forms a high mountain on the left.

I say these strata have been apparently divided by the Sutledge, which now flows through them, because such in reality has not been the case; but the bed of the river lying through them, is entirely attributable to the disruption of the strata at this point having formed a fitting channel for the waters to escape through to the plains.

(See plate)-FIG. 1.

1. 1. Mica Slate. 2. 2. Granular Quartz. 3. Bed of Sutledge.

The surface of this quartz rock takes a yellowish rusty hue when exposed to the weather, but when freshly fractured, it is of a pure white, somewhat resembling Carrara marble in appearance, but of a coarser

texture.

Onwards from Rampore, the mica schist is seen in several varieties, sometimes appearing to be composed entirely of mica, at others containing a predominance of quartz; in these cases the strata are either soft and crumbling, from the mica scaling off, or very hard and flinty, from the quantity of quartz.

Silvery mica passing into chlorite schist is abundant near Goura, and from its soapy and decomposing nature, the whole rock has in many places slipt away altogether, leaving a constantly decomposing cliff, from which in wet weather large masses are constantly falling.

Further on, the mica is seen to contain numerous small crystals of hornblende, which cause it to pass gradually into hornblende schists. Garnets of small size occur occasionally imbedded in the mica, which also contains masses of white quartz, in which beautiful crystals of cyanite are interspersed, varying in shade from pale sea green to bright blue.

The characteristic rocks, however, from Kotgurh to Sarahun are mica and hornblende slates, frequently alternating with each other, and imbedding blocks of porphyritic gneiss and white quartz.

From Sarahun the gneiss begins to shew itself as the prevailing rock, and occurs both common, red, and porphyritic ;-mica slate and hornblende are also frequent, and when they come in contact, the mica often becomes jet black.

A few miles from Sarahun, on the right bank of the river, an interesting appearance presents itself in the disposition of the strata. The dip which up to this point has been pretty uniformly to the N. E., now gradually rises, and preserving for a short distance a nearly horizontal position, at last lifts itself abruptly, and dips back again to the S. W. at the same angle of about 45o. From this disposition of the strata it becomes evident, that they have been lifted or upheaved at both ends, from the horizontal position they once had, by some volcanic force. The lowest strata exposed to view at this spot are on the right bank of the river, nearly even with the water, and form a complete arch immediately under those strata which dip to the N. E. I annex a slight sketch made on the spot, which will serve to show the position of the rocks, better than a description. (See plate)-FIG. 2. Beyond this, as we approach Traada, a fine white granite is observed, containing large scales or crystals of mica, and farther on still, about Nachar, white felspar becomes abundant, imbedding the same mica crystals, and forming the first division of the granite of some geological writers. Quartz also occasionally entered into its composition and formed true granite, with which were found hornblende and mica slates, porphyritic and granitic gneiss. In some instances where the hornblende and granite were in contact, the mica of the latter rock assumed a black and glossy appearance, producing a variety of granite of some beauty.

Proceeding from Nachar, the road passes over formations similar to those already mentioned, and a few miles lead down to the Sutledge, which is crossed by a good broad Sangho. At this point the rocks rise abruptly in huge masses on either side, confining the river to narrower limits, and affording a mere passage for its waters.

These rocks are of gneiss, and the stratification which previously had often been indistinctly discernible, now ceased altogether, and the beds presented a shattered and amorphous mass,- -a circumstance by no means of rare occurrence among this class of rocks.

From the sangho to Chergong the road still continues along the bank of the river over beds of boulders and broken rocks of every size, consisting of granite, gneiss, mica, and hornblende slates. Here too cyanite again occurred in quartz, and crystals of crysoberyl (?) in granite.

From Chergong to Meeroo the strata of gneiss are often laid bare by the descent of streams from the snows above, and the dip is seen falling to the N. E. at about the usual angle of 45°. Beyond this place occur thick beds of mica slate, containing garnets in profusion, and often, from the decomposition of the rock, the whole road is strewed with garnets of various sizes. Beneath this bed occurs one of white quartz rock, which is seen rising from the edge of the Sutledge to about 3,000 feet in thickness.

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