tion of the latter was increased by depreciating that of the former. They were indeed men of very different frames, and the parts they took in the affairs both of church and state as disagreeing. In the church, moderation and the ways of peace guided the behaviour of the first, rigour and severity that of the last. In the state they severally carried the like principles and temper. The one made the liberty of the people and the laws of the land the measure of his actions; when the other, to speak softly of it, had the power of the prince and the exalting the prerogative only, for the foundation of his. They were indeed both of them men of courage and resolution; but it was sedate and temperate in Abbot, passionate and unruly in Laud. It is not however to be denied that many rare and excellent virtues were possessed by the latter; but it must be owned too, he seems rather made for the hierarchy of another church and to be the minister of an arbitrary prince, and the other to have had the qualifications of a Protestant bishop and the guardian of a free state *." As Heylin has insinuated something to the prejudice of the archbishop's liberality, it may be necessary to record, that, besides his noble foundation at Guildford, he gave to the schools at Oxford one hundred and fifty pounds. In 1619, he bestowed a large sum of money on the library of Balliol college; he built a conduit in the city of Canterbury; in 1624 he contributed to the founding of Pembroke college, Oxford, and discharged a debt of three hundred pounds owing from Balliol to Pembroke college. In 1632 he gave one hundred pounds to the library of University College, Oxford, and by will left large sums to charitable purposes. His works are: 1. "Quæstiones Sex, totidem prælectionibus in Schola Theologica Oxoniæ, pro forma habitis, discussæ et disceptatæ anno 1597, in quibus è Sacra Scriptura & Patribus, quid statuendum sit definitur." Oxon. 1598, 4to, & Francfort, 1616, 4to, published by Abraham Scultetus. 2. "Exposition on the Prophet Jonah, contained in certaine Sermons, preached in S. Maries Church in Oxford," 4to, 1600. It appears by a postscript to the reader, that these sermons or lectures were delivered on Thursdays early in the morning, "sometimes before day *This character is dated July 10, 1723, and was first printed in the "Life of archbishop Abbot," by Mr. William Russel of Merton coll. Oxon. light," from 1594 to 1599. They were reprinted in 1613, and form the most popular of his works. 3. His "Answer to the questions of the Citizens of London in Jan. 1600, concerning Cheapside Cross," not printed until 1641. 4. "The reasons which Dr. Hill hath brought for the upholding of Papistry, unmasked and shewed to be very weak, &c." Oxon. 4to. 1604. Hill was a clergyman of the church of England, which he exchanged for that of Rome, and wrote his "Quatron of Reasons" in vindication of his conduct, printed at Antwerp, 4to. 1600. 5. "A Preface to the examination of George Sprot," &c. noticed before. 66 6. Sermon preached at Westminster, May 26, 1608, at the funeral of Thonias earl of Dorset, late lord high treasurer of England, on Isaiah xl. 6." 4to. 1608. 7. "Translation of a part of the New Testament," with the rest of the Oxford divines, 1611. 8. "Some memorials, touching the Nullity between the earl of Essex and his lady, pronounced Sept. 25, 1613, at Lambeth; and the difficulties endured in the same." To this is added "some observable things since Sept. 25, 1613, when the sentence was given in the cause of the earl of Essex, continued unto the day of the marriage, Dec. 26, 1613," which appears also to have been penned by his grace, or by his direction; and to it is annexed "the speech intended to be spoken at Lambeth, Sept. 25, 1613, by the archbishop of Canterbury, &c." These were reprinted in one volume, 1719, 12mo, and the MS. in the archbishop's hand was then said to be in the hands of an eminent lawyer. 9. "A brief description of the whole World, wherein is particularly described all the monarchies, empires, and kingdoms of the same, with their academies,” &c. 4to. 1617; a work, of which there have been several editions. 10. "A short apology for archbishop Abbot, touching the death of Peter Hawkins, dated Oct. 8, 1621." 11. "Treatise of perpetual visibility and succession of the true Church in all ages," Lond. 4to. 1624; published without his name; but his arms, impaled with those of Canterbury, are put before it. 12. "A narrative containing the true cause of his sequestration and disgrace at Court: in two parts, written at Ford in Kent," 1627, printed in Rushworth's Historical Collections, vol. I p. 438-461, and in the Annals of king Charles, p. 213-224. Bp. Hacket, in his life of Abp. Williams, p. 68, attests the authenticity of this curious memorial. 13. "History of the Massacre in the Valtoline," printed in the third volume of 14. His "Judgment on Fox's Acts and Monuments. bowing at the name of Jesus," Hamburgh, 8vo. 1632. In 1618, he and sir Henry Savile defrayed the expence of an edition of Bradwardin's "Cause of God," a work written against the Pelagians'. ABBOT (GEORGE), nephew of the preceding, and son of sir Maurice Abbot, the archbishop's youngest brother, was elected probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1624, and admitted LL. B. 1630. He wrote: 1. "The whole book of Job paraphrased," Lond. 4to. 1640. 2. "Vindiciæ Sabbati, or an answer to two treatises of Mr. Broad," Lond. 1641, 4to. Broad was rector of Rendcombe in Gloucestershire; and wrote two treatises, one concerning the Sabbath or seventh day, and the other concerning the Lord's day, or first day of the week; which falling into Mr. Abbot's hands in manuscript, he wrote an answer to them, and published the whole under the above title. 3. "Brief notes upon the whole book of Psalms,' 4to, 1651. He married a slaughter of col. Purefoy, of Caldecote-hall, Warwickshire, whose house he gallantly defended, by the help of the servants only, against the attack of the princes Rupert and Maurice with eighteen troops of horse. He died Feb. 4, 1648, aged 44 years 2. ABBOT (MAURICE, or MORRIS), father of the above, and youngest brother of archbishop Abbot, was bred up to trade, became an eminent merchant in London, and had a considerable share in the direction of the affairs of the East India Company. He was one of the commissioners employed in negociating a treaty with the Dutch East-India Company, by which the Molucca islands, and the commerce to them, were declared to be divided, two-thirds to the Dutch East India Company, and one-third to the English. This important treaty, which put an end to the long and violent disputes between the English and Dutch East India companies, was concluded at London, July 7, 1619, and ratified by the king on the sixteenth of the same month. In consequence of this treaty, and in order to recover the goods of some English merchants, sir Dudley Digges and Mr. Abbot were sent over into Holland in the succeeding year, 1620, but with what success does not ap Biog. Brit.-Le Neve.-Wood's Athen.-Aubrey's Surrey.-Godwin de Præsulibus ap. Richardson.-Lloyd's State Worthies.-Several letters, speeches in parliament, &c. are in the contemporary historians and annalists. ? Wood's Athenæ, and Nichols's Hist. of Leicestershire, vol. IV. p. 602. pear. He was afterwards one of the farmers of the customs, as appears from a commission granted in 1623, to him and others, for administering the oaths to such persons, as should either desire to pass the seas from this kingdom, or to enter it from foreign countries. In 1624, he was appointed one of the council for settling and establishing the colony of Virginia, with full powers for the government of that colony. On the accession of king Charles I. he was the first person on whom the order of knighthood was conferred, and he was chosen to represent the city of London in the first parliament of that reign. In 1627 he served the office of Sheriff, and in 1738 that of Lord Mayor. There are no other particulars extant concerning him, unless the date of his death, Jan. 10, 16401. ABBOT (ROBERT), eldest brother to the archbishop, was born also in the town of Guildford in 1560; educated by the same schoolmaster; and afterwards sent to Balliol college, Oxford, in 1575. In 1582 he took his degree of M. A. and soon became a celebrated preacher; to which talent he chiefly owed his preferment. Upon his first sermon at Worcester, he was chosen lecturer in that city, and soon after rector of All Saints in the same place. John Stanhope, esq. happening to hear him preach at Paul's cross, was so pleased with him, that he immediately presented him to the rich living of Bingham in Nottinghamshire. In 1594 he became no less eminent for his writings than he had been for his excellence in preaching. In 1597 he took his degree of D. D. In the beginning of king James's reign he was appointed chaplain in ordinary to his majesty; who had such an opinion of him as a writer, that he ordered the doctor's book " De Antichristo" to be reprinted with his own commentary upon part of the Apocalypse. He had also acquired much reputation for his writings against Dr. William Bishop, then a secular priest, but afterwards titular bishop of Chalcedon. In 1609 he was elected master of Balliol college; which trust he discharged with the utmost care and assiduity, by his frequent lectures to the scholars, by his continual presence at public exercises, and by promoting discipline in the society. In May 1610 the king nominated Dr. Abbot one of the fellows in the college of Chelsea, which had been lately founded for the encouragement and promotion of 1 Biog. Brit.. polemical divinity. In November 1610 he was made prebendary of Normanton in the church of Southwell; and in 1612 his majesty appointed him regius professor of divinity at Oxford; in which station he acquired the character of a profound divine, though a more moderate Calvinist than either of his two predecessors in the divinity-chair, Holland and Humphrey: for he countenanced the sublapsarian tenets concerning predestination. He was not, however, less an enemy to Dr. Laud than his brother; and in one of his sermons pointed at him so directly, that Laud intended to have taken some public notice of it. The fame of Dr. Abbot's lectures became very great; and those which he delivered upon the supreme power of kings against Bellarmine and Suarez afforded the king so much satisfaction, that, when the see of Salisbury became vacant, he named him to that bishoprick; and he was con secrated by his own brother, the archbishop of Canterbury, Dec. 3, 1615. It would appear that he had enemies who would have deferred his promotion for various reasons. When he came to do homage, the king said, "Abbot, I have had very much to do to make thee a bishop; but I know no reason for it, unless it were because thou hast written against one," alluding to Dr. Bishop before-mentioned. In his way to Salisbury, he took a solemn farewell of Oxford, and was accompanied for some miles by the heads of houses and other eminent scholars, who deeply regretted his departure. On his arrival at Salisbury he bestowed much attention on his cathedral, which had been neglected, and raised a considerable subscription for repairs. He afterwards visited the whole of his diocese, and preached every Sunday while his health permitted, which was not long, as the sedentary course he had pursued brought on the stone and gravel, which ended his pious and useful life, March 2, 1617. He had enjoyed his bishoprick only two years and three months, and was interred in the cathedral. He was twice married; the last time, which is said to have given offence to his brother the archbishop, about half a year after his promotion to the see. The lady, whose name seems to have escaped the researches of his biographers, was Bridget Cheynell, widow, and mother of the famous Francis Cheynell. By his first wife he left one son, or more, and a daughter who was married to sir Nathaniel Brent, warden of Merton college. All his biographers concur in the excellence of his charac |