THOMAS RANDOLPH.

[THOMAS RANDOLPH was born in the summer of 1605, at Dodford, in Northamptonshire, and died at Blatherwick, in the same county, in March 163. His drama of The Jealous Lovers was printed in 1632; the remainder of his works appeared posthumously in 1638.]

It seems probable that in the premature death of Randolph, English literature underwent a very heavy loss. He died unexpectedly when he was only twenty-nine, leaving behind him a mass of writing at once very imperfect and very promising. The patronage of Ben Jonson, it would seem, rather than any very special bias to the stage, led him to undertake dramatic composition, and though he left six plays behind him, it is by no means certain that he would have ended as a dramatist. His knowledge of stage requirements is very small indeed; it would be impossible to revive any of his pieces on the modern boards on account of the essential uncouthness of the movement, the length of the soliloquies, and the thinness of the plot. His three best dramas are distinguished by a vigorous directness and buoyancy of language, and by frequent passages of admirable rhetorical quality, but they are hardly plays at all, in the ordinary sense. His master-piece, The Muses' Looking Glass, is a moral essay in a series of dialogues, happily set in a framework of comedy; the Jealous Lovers is full, indeed, of ridiculous stratagems and brisk humorous transitions, but it has no sanity of plot; while Amyntas is a beautiful holiday dream, aery and picturesque, and ringing with peals of faery laughter, but not a play that any mortal company of actors could rehearse. Intellect and imagination Randolph possessed in full measure, but as he does not seem to have been born to excel in play-writing or in song-writing, and as he died too carly to set his own mark on literature, we are left to speculate down what groove such brilliant and energetic gifts as his would finally have

proceeded. Had he lived longer his massive intelligence might have made him a dangerous rival or a master to Dryden, and as he shows no inclination towards the French manner of poetry, he might have delayed or altogether warded off the influx of the classical taste. He showed no precocity of genius; he was gradually gathering his singing-robes about him, having already studied much, yet having still much to learn. There is no poet whose works so tempt the critic to ask, 'what was the next step in his development?' He died just too soon to impress his name on history.

Besides his dramas, Randolph composed a considerable number of lyrics and occasional poems. Of these the beautiful Ode to Master Anthony Stafford to hasten him into the country is the best. In this he is more free and graceful in his Latinism than usual. He was a deep student of the Roman poets, and most of his non-dramatic pieces are exercises, performed in a hard though stately style, after Ovid, Martial and Claudian. It cannot be said that these have much charm, except to the technical student of poetry, who observes, with interest, the zeal and energy with which Randolph prepared himself for triumphs which were never to be executed. In pastoral poetry he had attained more ease than in any other, and some of his idyls are excellently performed. The glowing verses entitled A Pastoral Courtship remind the reader of the twenty-seventh idyl of Theocritus, on which they were probably modelled. The Cotswold Eclogue, which originally appeared in a very curious book entitled Annalia Dubrensia, 1636, is one of the best pastorals which we possess in English. But in reviewing the fragments of the work of Randolph, the critic is ever confronted by the imperfection of his growing talent, the insufficiency of what exists to account for the personal weight that Randolph carried in his lifetime, and for the intense regret felt at his early death. Had he lived he might have bridged over, with a strong popular poetry, the abyss between the old romantic and the new didactic school, for he had a little of the spirit of each. As it is, he holds a better place in English literature than Dryden, or Gray, or Massinger would have held had they died before they were thirty.

EDMUND W. Gosse.

ODE TO MASTER ANTHONY STAFFord.

Come, spur away,

I have no patience for a longer stay,

But must go down,

And leave the chargeable noise of this great town;

I will the country see,
Where old simplicity,

Though hid in grey,

Doth look more gay

Than foppery in plush and scarlet clad.

Farewell, you city wits, that are

Almost at civil war ;

'Tis time that I grow wise, when all the world grows mad.

More of my days

I will not spend to gain an idiot's praise;
Or to make sport

For some slight puisne of the Inns-of-Court.
Then, worthy Stafford, say,

How shall we spend the day?
With what delights

Shorten the nights?

When from this tumult we are got secure,

Where mirth with all her freedom goes,

Yet shall no finger lose;

Where every word is thought, and every thought is pure.

There from the tree

We'll cherries pluck, and pick the strawberry;

And every day

Go see the wholesome country girls make hay,
Whose brown hath lovelier grace

Than any painted face,

That I do know

Hyde Park can show.

Where I had rather gain a kiss than meet

(Though some of them in greater state

Might court my love with plate)

The beauties of the Cheap, and wives of Lombard Street.

But think upon

Some other pleasures: these to me are none.
Why did I prate

Of women, that are things against my fate?

I never mean to wed

That torture to my bed.
My muse is she

My love shall be.

Let clowns get wealth and heirs; when I am gone, And the great bugbear, grisly death,

Shall take this idle breath,

If I a poem leave, that poem is my son.

Of this no more;

We'll rather taste the bright Pomona's store.
No fruit shall 'scape

Our palates, from the damson to the grape.
Then (full) we'll seek a shade,

And hear what music's made;
How Philomel

Her tale doth tell,

And how the other birds do fill the quire:

The thrush and blackbird lend their throats
Warbling melodious notes;

We will all sports enjoy which others but desire.

Ours is the sky,

Whereat what fowl we please our hawk shall fly:
Nor will we spare

To hunt the crafty fox or timorous hare;

But let our hounds run loose

In any ground they'll choose,
The buck shall fall,

The stag, and all:

Our pleasures must from their own warrants be,

For to my muse, if not to me,

I'm sure all game is free:

Heaven, earth, all are but parts of her great royalty.

And when we mean

To taste of Bacchus' blessings now and then,
And drink by stealth

A cup or two to noble Barkley's health,
I'll take my pipe and try
The Phrygian melody;
Which he that hears,

Lets through his ears

A madness to distemper all the brain.
Then I another pipe will take

And Doric music make,

To civilise with graver notes our wits again.

Colin. Early in May up got the jolly rout,
Call'd by the lark, and spread the fields about:
One, for to breathe himself, would coursing be
From this same beech to yonder mulberry,
A second leap'd his supple nerves to try;
A third was practising his melody;
This a new jig was footing, others were
Busied at wrestling, or to throw the bar,
Ambitious which should bear the bell away,
And kiss the nut-brown lady of the May.
This stirr'd 'em up; a jolly swain was he,
Whom Peg and Susan after victory

Crown'd with a garland they had made, beset
With daisies, pinks, and many a violet,
Cowslip, and gilliflower. Rewards, though small,
Encourage virtue, but if none at all

Meet her, she languisheth, and dies, as now
Where worth's deni'd the honour of a bough.
And, Thenot, this the cause I read to be

Of such a dull and general lethargy.

Thenot. I thrive the lout that did their mirth gainsay! Wolves haunt his flocks that took those sports away!