Marks of an Absolute Witch: Evidentiary Dilemmas in Early Modern EnglandRoutledge, 6 במאי 2016 - 334 עמודים This work explores the social foundation of evidence law in a specific historical social and cultural context - the debate concerning the proof of the crime of witchcraft in early modern England. In this period the question of how to prove the crime of witchcraft was the centre of a public debate and even those who strongly believed in the reality of witchcraft had considerable concerns regarding its proof. In a typical witchcraft crime there were no eyewitnesses, and since torture was not a standard measure in English criminal trials, confessions could not be easily obtained. The scarcity of evidence left the fact-finders with a pressing dilemma. On the one hand, using the standard evidentiary methods might have jeopardized any chance of prosecuting and convicting extremely dangerous criminals. On the other hand, lowering the evidentiary standards might have led to the conviction of innocent people. Based on the analysis of 157 primary sources, the book presents a picture of a diverse society whose members tried to influence evidentiary techniques to achieve their distinct goals and to bolster their social standing. In so doing this book further uncovers the interplay between the struggle with the evidentiary dilemma and social characteristics (such as class, position along the centre/periphery axis and the professional affiliation) of the participants in the debate. In particular, attention is focused on the professions of law, clergy and medicine. This book finds clear affinity between the professional affiliation and the evidentiary positions of the participants in the debate, demonstrating how the diverse social players and groups employed evidentiary strategies as a resource, to mobilize their interests. The witchcraft debate took place within the formative era of modern evidence law, and the book highlights the mutual influences between the witch trials and major legal developments. |
תוכן
Pretrial Procedure 2 Trial Procedure | |
Circumstantial Evidence | |
Ritual Acts and Artefacts of Witchcraft | |
The Devils Mark | |
Imps | |
The Swimming Test | |
Supernatural Evidentiary Techniques as Experiments | |
Judicial Assessment of Narratives and Statements | |
Searching for Reliable Testimony | |
Confession | |
Conclusions | |
Bibliography | |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
accused belief Bernard bewitched Bragge century circumstantial evidence Cockburn Common Peace confession conviction Cotta credibility crime Criminal Law cultural debate defendants devil devil’s mark Discouerie of Witches Discourse Early Modern England Early Modern Europe edn London Elizabeth England English evidence law evidential evidentiary methods evidentiary techniques examination example Executed experiments Filmer Gareth Roberts Guide to Grand-Iury guilty Herrup Ibid imps indictment Instruments of Darkness Iohn James Jane Wenham Joan John John Hamilton Baker jurors jury justice Langbein Law of England Law of Evidence London Matthew Hopkins natural oath Oxford pamphlet Perkins physical evidence physicians popular Potts practice pre-trial presumption professional prosecution proving witchcraft Reginald Scot Relation Richard Hathaway rules sceptical scratching Shapiro social spirits supernatural suspect swimming test testified testimony theological Thomas torture Treatise Trial of Witches Tryal vpon Vvitches Vvonderfull Discouerie Warboys William witch hunters witch trials Witchcraft London Witches London Witches of Warboys witnesses women