Five social relations, 19-20, 25.
Five tastes, 190.
Flemish workmen, 318.
Foochow, 689.

Food, of root-grubbing period,
119; of later ages, 120; in-
ventor of kitchen and cook-
ery, 121; refinement of, 124;
comparison between China and
Europe, 130; work of woman,
152; eating of meat, 193-4;
of Confucius, 251; and art of
cooking, 251-3; of different
classes, 261; of the old, 266-7.
Food and commodities, 50; "Re-
cord" of, 51.

Foot or chih, 421, 422.
Forced-labor

emancipation law,

666-7, 673-€.
Foreign debt, 682.
Foreigners, in China, 315; pro-

tected at the expense of the
Chinese, 690.

Forests, conservation of, 346; gov-
ernment monopoly of, 701.
Forest of K'ung, 12.

Four Books (Szй Shu), 719.
Four groups of people, 367-9;

equally useful to society, 412;
social prejudice toward, 720.
"Four Seas," 642.

Frankincense, tax on, 709.
Free distribution, compared with

selling at a low price, 560-1.
Free granary, system of, 577-80.
Free trade, on exportation, 452,

453; doctrine of, 453-4; of salt,
562; practiced by Ch'in, Han,
Wei, Tsin, 684; practiced by
Kin, 684-5; of rice, 689; of cer-
tain goods, 690; practically
adopted in maritime customs,
691.

Freedom, of movement and

speech, 6; of thought, 47, 61;
of speech, 80-81; of belief, 61,
84-5; economic, 179-180; of
movement, 311-2; of occupa-
tion, 369-371.
Fu, professor, 89.
Fu Yüeh, 373, 481, 610.
Funeral, expenditures for, 201, 272-

283; reasons for an expensive,
274-8.

Gabelentz, G. von der, on Con-
fucius, 3-4.

General property tax, objections
to, 652-3; came from the fam-
ily tax, 671-672; as an addi-
tion to the land tax, 672; first
applied to the whole empire,
672; of Tang, 672-3; of Sung,
673-6; of Kin, 677; did not ex-
ist after Kin, 677.
Generalization, School of, 42.
George, Henry, 296, 489, 533.
Giddings, F. H., 156.
Ginseng, tax on, 709-10.
God, relation with Confucius, 10-

II. 13-14; meaning of the
word, 20-21, with the word
Yuan, 58-9; man as his assis-
tant and co-ordinate, 59;
fatherhood of, 60; everyone
the son of, 61; all men chil-
dren of, 62; helps only the
strongest, 169; relation with
father or ancestor, 284-6.
Gold, present to Mencius, 104; as
а standard of money, 428;
ratio to silver and copper, 429;
decrease of quantity, 430; ratio
to copper, 545; ratio to copper
and rice, 656.

Golden mean, 14; for distribution.
173; for consumption, 203; for
social institutions, 241; for
consumption, 242-3: for funeral
and mourning, 283.

Goods, economic and free, 424-5;
sent as tribute, 641.
Government, mixed with religion,
4; monarchical, 19. 78; influ-
ence on religion, 47; eight ob-
jects of, 50-51; existed for
economic reasons, 73-6; as a
promoter of economic life,
76-7; general principles of.
77-82; state, 79; local, 79-80
dependent on man, 87; effect of
good, 96; three requisites of,
IOI; regulation of economic
life, 168-175; final end of,
170-1; ideal form of, 171-2;
difference between modern
and ancient, 174; nine stand-
ard rules of, 316-7; under
Confucius' influence, 335-6;
control of industries, 407-8;
theory of Wei Chi-tsung, 565;
modern democratic. 596; ob-
stacle to centralization, 637;

Kung-yi Hsiu, 546-7.

K'ung Chi, 440.

dynasty, 647; first directly
levied upon acres, 649; changed
from gross produce to prop-
erty, 649; of Han, 649-50;
money first required, 650; of
Tsin, 650; mixed up with poll
tax and family tax, 650; of
Tang, 650-2; collected in
money, 652; paid in silver, 655-
6; single-whip system, 652, 656,
658; paid in gold, 656; con-
stant increase of, 657; amounts
of, 658-9; extra tax, 659; con-
clusion on, 659-60, 714.

Landlords, 522-3, 524.

Language, Chinese, 605, 726.

Kung-fu Chia, 6.
K'ung Fu Tzů, 7.
K'ung Ying-ta, 123, 173, 630-1.
Labor, ch. XVIII; department of,

73; division of, 368, 485-7;
necessity, justice and honor of,
371-4; all kinds productive, 407;
relation between employer and
employee, 481-3; free movement
of, 484; relation between man-
ager and common laborer, 487;
legislation, 230-1, 509.
Laboring class, 482.
Laissez faire policy, 175-80; defects

of, 168-170, 573-5; practiced
after the Ch'in dynasty, 596,

722.

Land, 294, 295; limited in quantity,
350; various in quality, 350-2;
different in location, 352; form
of field, 352-5; absence of pri-
vate ownership, 468-9; see the
tsing tien system, ch. XXVI;
opened," 510-11; flax," 511-
2; mulberry," 512-3; table of
distribution of, 521; officials'
ownership limited, 549.
Land tax, classification of Ch'u,
389-90; equivalent of rent, 469-
70; of Northern Wei, 470; of
Kin, 471; in the form of gov-
ernment rent, 471; of Tang,
471; of Ch'in, 506-7; amount in
the ordinary prefecture, 579;
in ancient times, 616-7, 618,
622, 632-3, 638-48; described in
the Tribute of Yü, 638-44;
different rates during the Chou

doctrine of, 190; laissez-faire
policy of, 722.

Latter Chin, kingdom of, 701.
Latter or Posterior Chou dynasty.
697.

Latter Shu, kingdom of, 681.
Law, School of, 29, 42; principles

of, 52-3: same punishment for
both father and son, 63; re-
sponsibility confined to certain
member of the family, 63;
basis of economic development,
76-7; compared with ethics,
81-2; universal and equal, 171;
social legislation, 527-8.
Law Code of the Tsing Dynasty.
148, 150, 155, 160-1, 165-7, 287,
414, 475, 542, 549-50, 581, 599,

704.
Legge, James, 16-7, 23, 39, 468.
Lei Yi-hsien, 686.

Level standard, system of, 556.
Li An-shih, 510.

Li K'o, 267-8, 391, 568-70.
Li Ssŭ, 43, 46.

Li Wang, of Chou, 534.
Li Yü, 708.
Liang dynasty, 541.
Liang Chow (Kansu province),
378.

Liberty, 46, 62-3.
License taxes, 695-6, 713; for min-
ing business, 704.
Life, principle of, 201-2.
Likin, 686-7, 689-90.
Lincoln, Abraham, 378.
Ling Ti, of Han, 650, 705.
Ling Wang, of Chou, 7.

Liquors, tax on foreign, 690; pro-
hibition against, 706-7; tax on,

707.

Literature, burning by the Ch'in
dynasty, 34; highest develop-
ment of the Chinese, 726.

Liu An, 553, 559-63, 595.
Liu Chung-yüan, 55-7.
Liu Hsiang, 34, 46.

Liu Hsin, 34-6, 449, 587.

Liu Pan, 576.

Liu Tê, 554.

Lo, name of a shepherd, 459.
Lo-ti-shui, 698.

Loans, of grain by the government,

580-2; of grain by the people,
583-5; government, 586-97.
Local taxes, collected along with
the national regular tax, 578-
80; not separated from na-
tional taxes, 636-7; existed
not as taxes, 637; distin-
guished from that of central
government, 639-40.
Loh, name of river, 419.
Logic, School of, 42.
Louis XIV, age of, 726.
Love, 20-21, 54; universal, 60-61,!

600; relation with justice, 94;
for the same kind, 155-6; to-
ward all creatures, 193-4.

Lu, state of Confucius, 3, 6, 43,
404, 672.

Lu Chih, 471-2, 626, 652-3.

Lu Chiu-yuan, 63.

Lu Huai-shen, 55I.

Lu Chia-wên, 567, 694.

Lü Hui-ching, 676.

Lü Pu-wei, 459, 478.

Lü Tsu-chien, 441.

Lung (Kansu province), 378.
Lung Tzu, 623.

Luther, Martin, 45.
Luxury and extravagance, evils of,

243-7; reasonable luxury, 244-5;
choice between parsimony and
extravagance, 259; of the gov-
ernment, 645.

Ma Chun-shao, 415.
Ma Jen-wang, 335-6.
Ma Tuan-lin, 300, 442, 528,

Man, origin of, 58-63; brother-
hood of, 60; as a spiritual be-
ing and a material being, 185;
feelings of, 185; business, 293-
4; first factor of production,
295-6.

Manchuria, 657, 709.

Market, 122, 447, 501-2, 541.
Marriage, ceremonies of, 64-5, 269-
70; tie of, 70-72; as the start-
ing-point of Confucius' social
system, 146-7; customs in
China, 147; to a second hus-
band, 147-8; consummation of,
148-9; views of Confucianism,
Christianity and Buddhism,
192-3; expenditure for, 269-
272; without music, 271; im-
portance of, 321-2; day of,
322-3; exogamy, 324-5; poly-
gyny, 325-7; Confucius in favor
of monogamy, 327.
Measures, standard of, 420-I ;
comparison between the an-

cient and the modern, 421-2;
comparison between Chinese
and English, 422; importance
of, 422-3.

Mencius, 13, 29, 42, 43, 46, 75-6,
78, 96-7, 98-9, 102-3, 103-6, 116,
135, 136, 142-4, 160, 169, 186,
210-2, 238-9, 266, 313, 328, 346,
370, 373, 423, 426, 453, 467-8,
473, 476, 480, 485-8, 489-93,
499, 501, 503, 505, 530-1, 541-2,
571, 586, 597, 601, 606-7, 607-8,
621, 627, 628, 629, 635, 636, 695,
697, etc.

Menelaus, 67.

Middle Kingdom, 17, 60, 608, 642.