Five social relations, 19-20, 25. Five tastes, 190. Flemish workmen, 318. Foochow, 689.
Food, of root-grubbing period, 119; of later ages, 120; in- ventor of kitchen and cook- ery, 121; refinement of, 124; comparison between China and Europe, 130; work of woman, 152; eating of meat, 193-4; of Confucius, 251; and art of cooking, 251-3; of different classes, 261; of the old, 266-7. Food and commodities, 50; "Re- cord" of, 51.
Foot or chih, 421, 422. Forced-labor
emancipation law,
666-7, 673-€. Foreign debt, 682. Foreigners, in China, 315; pro-
tected at the expense of the Chinese, 690.
Forests, conservation of, 346; gov- ernment monopoly of, 701. Forest of K'ung, 12.
Four Books (Szй Shu), 719. Four groups of people, 367-9;
equally useful to society, 412; social prejudice toward, 720. "Four Seas," 642.
Frankincense, tax on, 709. Free distribution, compared with
selling at a low price, 560-1. Free granary, system of, 577-80. Free trade, on exportation, 452,
453; doctrine of, 453-4; of salt, 562; practiced by Ch'in, Han, Wei, Tsin, 684; practiced by Kin, 684-5; of rice, 689; of cer- tain goods, 690; practically adopted in maritime customs, 691.
Freedom, of movement and
speech, 6; of thought, 47, 61; of speech, 80-81; of belief, 61, 84-5; economic, 179-180; of movement, 311-2; of occupa- tion, 369-371. Fu, professor, 89. Fu Yüeh, 373, 481, 610. Funeral, expenditures for, 201, 272-
283; reasons for an expensive, 274-8.
Gabelentz, G. von der, on Con- fucius, 3-4.
General property tax, objections to, 652-3; came from the fam- ily tax, 671-672; as an addi- tion to the land tax, 672; first applied to the whole empire, 672; of Tang, 672-3; of Sung, 673-6; of Kin, 677; did not ex- ist after Kin, 677. Generalization, School of, 42. George, Henry, 296, 489, 533. Giddings, F. H., 156. Ginseng, tax on, 709-10. God, relation with Confucius, 10-
II. 13-14; meaning of the word, 20-21, with the word Yuan, 58-9; man as his assis- tant and co-ordinate, 59; fatherhood of, 60; everyone the son of, 61; all men chil- dren of, 62; helps only the strongest, 169; relation with father or ancestor, 284-6. Gold, present to Mencius, 104; as а standard of money, 428; ratio to silver and copper, 429; decrease of quantity, 430; ratio to copper, 545; ratio to copper and rice, 656.
Golden mean, 14; for distribution. 173; for consumption, 203; for social institutions, 241; for consumption, 242-3: for funeral and mourning, 283.
Goods, economic and free, 424-5; sent as tribute, 641. Government, mixed with religion, 4; monarchical, 19. 78; influ- ence on religion, 47; eight ob- jects of, 50-51; existed for economic reasons, 73-6; as a promoter of economic life, 76-7; general principles of. 77-82; state, 79; local, 79-80 dependent on man, 87; effect of good, 96; three requisites of, IOI; regulation of economic life, 168-175; final end of, 170-1; ideal form of, 171-2; difference between modern and ancient, 174; nine stand- ard rules of, 316-7; under Confucius' influence, 335-6; control of industries, 407-8; theory of Wei Chi-tsung, 565; modern democratic. 596; ob- stacle to centralization, 637;
Ho Hsiu, 32, 58, 466, 503. Ho-po-so, 695. Ho Yi-sun, 432.
inefficient, 722; the Chinese Ho, or Huang Ho, or Yellow type as the best in the past, 727. Grain, as capital, 358-60; five kinds, 382; policy of giving high value to, 383; as money, 437; free exportation of, 452; for salaries, 480; government control of, ch. XXX; equali- zation of the price of, 457, 568-77; government transpor- tation of, 571; distribution of, 577-80; government loans of, 580-2; system of village gran- ary, 582-5; free importation of, 689.
Grand Summit, 59. Great entertainment, 67. Great floods, 342.
Great Learning," ("Ta Hsiao") 63, 74, 77-8, 97-9, 127; outline of, 139-140; 140-2, 151, 180, 293, 546.
Great Model," 24-5, 46, 50-51, 57, 170-2, 614.
Great Scholars, Board of, 43.
Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, 682. Horse, for transportation, 124, 415; "horse interest," 693. Hou Chi, 285, 386, 387. House tax, 677-8, 680, 714; ground tax, 635-6; tax upon the build- ings of merchants, 691-2. Hsia dynasty, 15, 28, 29, 74, 176, 428, 429, 498, 621, 637. Hsiang An-shih, 357.
Hsiao-wên Ti, of Northern Wei, 510-6, 517-8.
Hsieh, name of city, 104. Hsieh Hsiang, 564.
Hsien Kao, saved the country, 456. Hsien Tsung, of Tang, 432, 572, 636. Hsiho, 566.
Hsun Tzu, 33-4, 39, 43, 46, 52-3, 88, 135, 187, 188, 343-4, 362, 453, 460-1, 494, 625-6, etc.
Great Similarity, 17-20, 46, 47, 57, Hsun Yüeh, 522-4.
70-72, 135, 730.
Great uniformity, 57, 307. Grand Unity, 59.
Greece, 131, 379, 481, 726, 727. Greeks, 320-1.
Green sprout money,
compared with the village-granary sys- tem, 584-5; system of, 589-92, 594-5. Gresham's law, 430-1, 444-5. Hales, 625.
Han, a noble family of Chêng, 582. Han dynasty, 33, 34, 42, 43, 44, 46, 92, 129, 130, 333 334, 430, 541, 617, 646, 669-70, 678-9, 683, 695, 707, 719, 722, 726, 727. Han Fei Tzũ, 29, 43, 150. Han Fu, 495.
Hsü Hsing, 385, 485-6, 606. Hsü Kan, 300.
Hsüan, king of Ch'i, 75, etc.; duke of Lu, 649.
Hsuan Ti, of Han, 478, 571. Hsuan Tsung, of Tang, 520, 572, 665.
Hsuan Wang, 257, 381.
Hu, where the Huns lived, 404. Hu Yin, 550-1, 578. Huan, duke of Ch'i, 173; duke of Chêng, 455. Huan Kuan, 478, 557. Huan Ti, of Han, 650, 705. Huan Tui, 10-II. Huang-fu Mi, 333. Huang Ssu-yung, 682.
Huang Ti, 122-6, 353, 415, 420, 497-8, 638.
Huang Tsung-hsi, 45.
Human nature, change of, 135-8; view of Confucius, 135; view of Hsun Tzu, 135; view of Mencius, 135; selfish, 170; view of Adam Smith, 493.
Human wants, 176, 185-7; char- acteristics of, 187; satisfaction of, 188-194; regulation of, 195- 206; moral control, 195-6; so-
Individualism, of Confucius, 18-20. Individualistic, 504-5. Industry, referred to by Confucius, 74-5; in the earliest period, 126; ch. XXII; the word, 398; importance of, 318, 398-9, 406-7; divisions of, 399-403; in Yin, 399-401; in Chou, 401- 2; subject to government pro- motion, 402-3; four elements of, 403-5; government control of, 407-8; definition of the word, 408.
Inheritance tax, 681, 714. Interest, mixed up with the word profit, 472; justification of, 472- 4; rate of, 473-5; against usury, 580-2; required by the government, 587-8, 589; rates of, 583, 585, 589, 590, 593, 594, 624; tax on, 679; "horse in- terest," 693.
Interpretation, of the writings of Confucius and his disciples,
37-8. Inventions, technical, 119; of earli- est times, 120-5; basis of civili- zation, 127-8; not encouraged in China, 538; not favorable for, 720.
Iron, tax on, 702-3.
Jade, use of, 262.
Jan Kêng or Jan Po-niu, 388. Jan Yu, pupil of Confucius, 94-5. 375; distinguished by economic statesmanship, 627. Japan, 92, 682, 726, 729-30. Japanese, 41, 48, 92, 356. Jen Tsung, of Sung, 687, 707; of Ts'ing, 710.
Jesus, 42, 159, 192, 255. Ju, 39, 209.
Jui Liang-fu, 534. Jung, duke of, 534. Justice, relation with love, 94. Kai-yüan coin, 431. K'aifung, 674.
Kang Yu-wei, 30, 36, 46, 71, 145, Kansu, 658.
Kao Ti, of Han, 13, 376, 411-2, 645. Kao Tsu, of Tang, 431-2. Kao Tsung, of Sung, 442; of Tang, 520; of Ts'ing, 572; of Yin, 610. Kao Tzu, 135, 186. Kao Yao, 170.
Kêng Shou-ch'ang, 571-2. Ki Chow, 417, 639.
Kiang or Yangtze Kiang, 418, 419. Kiang-tu, prince of, 96. Kiangsi, 696. Kiangsu, 657.
Kin dynasty, 334, 431. 470-1, 572, 667, 677, 684-5. 697-8, 702, 704, 707.
International relation, 16-20, 140-2, 315, 551. International trade, one of the nine standard rules, 449-50; based on geographical difference of economic conditions, 450-1; Kinchou, 695. old characteristic of, 451; King, meaning of the word, 54, 60, within the Chinese world, 451- 313; no divine right, 61-2. 2; the term, 452; commercial King or King Chow, 404, 428. treaty, 452-3; free exportation Kirin, 709, 710. of grain, 452; peace made with Knowledge, 85. barbarians, 452; free exporta-Ku Yen-wu, 45. tion in general, 453; free-trade doctrine, 453-4; customs duties, 454, 687-91; importation of rice, 575, 689, 690; germ of protection, 688.
Kuan Chung or Kuan Tzu, mercan- tilism and state socialism, 141- 2; as the representative of ex- travagance, 242, 246; 129, 368, 373, 435-6, 454, 478-9, 484, 556,
dynasty, 647; first directly levied upon acres, 649; changed from gross produce to prop- erty, 649; of Han, 649-50; money first required, 650; of Tsin, 650; mixed up with poll tax and family tax, 650; of Tang, 650-2; collected in money, 652; paid in silver, 655- 6; single-whip system, 652, 656, 658; paid in gold, 656; con- stant increase of, 657; amounts of, 658-9; extra tax, 659; con- clusion on, 659-60, 714.
Landlords, 522-3, 524.
Language, Chinese, 605, 726.
K'ung, family of Confucius, 3, 6-7. Lao Tzu, 7, 42, 115; economiq
Kung-fu Chia, 6. K'ung Fu Tzů, 7. K'ung Ying-ta, 123, 173, 630-1. Labor, ch. XVIII; department of,
73; division of, 368, 485-7; necessity, justice and honor of, 371-4; all kinds productive, 407; relation between employer and employee, 481-3; free movement of, 484; relation between man- ager and common laborer, 487; legislation, 230-1, 509. Laboring class, 482. Laissez faire policy, 175-80; defects
of, 168-170, 573-5; practiced after the Ch'in dynasty, 596,
Land, 294, 295; limited in quantity, 350; various in quality, 350-2; different in location, 352; form of field, 352-5; absence of pri- vate ownership, 468-9; see the tsing tien system, ch. XXVI; opened," 510-11; flax," 511- 2; mulberry," 512-3; table of distribution of, 521; officials' ownership limited, 549. Land tax, classification of Ch'u, 389-90; equivalent of rent, 469- 70; of Northern Wei, 470; of Kin, 471; in the form of gov- ernment rent, 471; of Tang, 471; of Ch'in, 506-7; amount in the ordinary prefecture, 579; in ancient times, 616-7, 618, 622, 632-3, 638-48; described in the Tribute of Yü, 638-44; different rates during the Chou
doctrine of, 190; laissez-faire policy of, 722.
Latter Chin, kingdom of, 701. Latter or Posterior Chou dynasty. 697.
Latter Shu, kingdom of, 681. Law, School of, 29, 42; principles
of, 52-3: same punishment for both father and son, 63; re- sponsibility confined to certain member of the family, 63; basis of economic development, 76-7; compared with ethics, 81-2; universal and equal, 171; social legislation, 527-8. Law Code of the Tsing Dynasty. 148, 150, 155, 160-1, 165-7, 287, 414, 475, 542, 549-50, 581, 599,
704. Legge, James, 16-7, 23, 39, 468. Lei Yi-hsien, 686.
Level standard, system of, 556. Li An-shih, 510.
Li K'o, 267-8, 391, 568-70. Li Ssŭ, 43, 46.
Li Wang, of Chou, 534. Li Yü, 708. Liang dynasty, 541. Liang Chow (Kansu province), 378.
Liberty, 46, 62-3. License taxes, 695-6, 713; for min- ing business, 704. Life, principle of, 201-2. Likin, 686-7, 689-90. Lincoln, Abraham, 378. Ling Ti, of Han, 650, 705. Ling Wang, of Chou, 7.
Liquors, tax on foreign, 690; pro- hibition against, 706-7; tax on,
Literature, burning by the Ch'in dynasty, 34; highest develop- ment of the Chinese, 726.
Liu An, 553, 559-63, 595. Liu Chung-yüan, 55-7. Liu Hsiang, 34, 46.
Liu Hsin, 34-6, 449, 587.
Liu Pan, 576.
Liu Tê, 554.
Lo, name of a shepherd, 459. Lo-ti-shui, 698.
Loans, of grain by the government,
580-2; of grain by the people, 583-5; government, 586-97. Local taxes, collected along with the national regular tax, 578- 80; not separated from na- tional taxes, 636-7; existed not as taxes, 637; distin- guished from that of central government, 639-40. Loh, name of river, 419. Logic, School of, 42. Louis XIV, age of, 726. Love, 20-21, 54; universal, 60-61,!
600; relation with justice, 94; for the same kind, 155-6; to- ward all creatures, 193-4.
Lu, state of Confucius, 3, 6, 43, 404, 672.
Lu Chih, 471-2, 626, 652-3.
Lu Chiu-yuan, 63.
Lu Huai-shen, 55I.
Lu Chia-wên, 567, 694.
Lü Pu-wei, 459, 478.
Lü Tsu-chien, 441.
Lung (Kansu province), 378. Lung Tzu, 623.
Luther, Martin, 45. Luxury and extravagance, evils of,
243-7; reasonable luxury, 244-5; choice between parsimony and extravagance, 259; of the gov- ernment, 645.
Ma Chun-shao, 415. Ma Jen-wang, 335-6. Ma Tuan-lin, 300, 442, 528,
Man, origin of, 58-63; brother- hood of, 60; as a spiritual be- ing and a material being, 185; feelings of, 185; business, 293- 4; first factor of production, 295-6.
Manchuria, 657, 709.
Market, 122, 447, 501-2, 541. Marriage, ceremonies of, 64-5, 269- 70; tie of, 70-72; as the start- ing-point of Confucius' social system, 146-7; customs in China, 147; to a second hus- band, 147-8; consummation of, 148-9; views of Confucianism, Christianity and Buddhism, 192-3; expenditure for, 269- 272; without music, 271; im- portance of, 321-2; day of, 322-3; exogamy, 324-5; poly- gyny, 325-7; Confucius in favor of monogamy, 327. Measures, standard of, 420-I ; comparison between the an-
cient and the modern, 421-2; comparison between Chinese and English, 422; importance of, 422-3.
Mencius, 13, 29, 42, 43, 46, 75-6, 78, 96-7, 98-9, 102-3, 103-6, 116, 135, 136, 142-4, 160, 169, 186, 210-2, 238-9, 266, 313, 328, 346, 370, 373, 423, 426, 453, 467-8, 473, 476, 480, 485-8, 489-93, 499, 501, 503, 505, 530-1, 541-2, 571, 586, 597, 601, 606-7, 607-8, 621, 627, 628, 629, 635, 636, 695, 697, etc.
Meng Hsien-tzü, a worthy great official of Lu, 98. Meng Yi-tzú, 7. Mercantile school, 141. Merchants, productive, 368; in the beginning of Han, 395-7; two classes, 411; suppression of, 4II-2; position of, 454-9; founders of commercial school, 459; taxed at double rate, 669, 692, 693.
555, Merit, examination of, 91. Métayer system, 470. Methods used by Confucius, 27-8.
596, 605, 653-5, 680, 681. Malthus, 161-2, 186-7, 307-8. Malthusian doctrine, suggestion of, Mi Tzu, 110. 338-9.
Middle Kingdom, 17, 60, 608, 642.
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