It appears from the Abbreviate of Scottish Retours (i. e. Returns or Verdicts of Juries) that on February 25, 1679, Robert Stewart, of Newwark, was served or retoured heir of his father, Colonel John Stewart of Newwark, in, inter alia, "18 denariatatis terrarum de Burgh in Insula de Sanday." An Edward Steward of Burgh is noticed in the same publication, Appendix, vol. ii. p. 309, under date February 13, 1634. The Abbreviate is printed up to, and including, the year 1700, but not subsequently. The continuation of it will, however, be found in the Chancery Office, Register House, Edinburgh; and is, I believe, in an alphabetical arrangement. G. Edinburgh. EVA MARIA GARRICK (3rd S. ii. 264.) — To complete the collectanea of MR. CHARLES WYLIE the following seems wanting, from the Autobiography of Jupiter Carlyle : "We had one cabin passenger, who was afterwards much celebrated. When we were on the quarter-deck in the morning [en voyage from Holland], we observed three foreigners of different ages, who had under their care a young person of about sixteen, very handsome indeed, whom we took for a Hanoverian baron, coming to pay his court at St. James's. The gale freshened so soon, that we had not an opportunity of conversing with these foreigners, when we were obliged to take to our beds in the cabin. The young person was the only one of the strangers who had a berth there; because, as we supposed, it occasioned an additional freight. My bed was directly opposite to that of the stranger, but we were so sick that there was no conversation among us; till the young foreigner became very frightened in spite of the sickness, and called out to me in French if we were not in danger. The voice betrayed her sex at once, no less than her fears. I consoled her as well as I could, and soon brought her above the fear of danger. This beautiful person was Violetti the dancer, who was engaged to the Opera in the Haymarket. This we were made certain of by the man who called himself her father waiting on us next day at Harwich; requesting our countenance to his daughter on her first appearance, and on her benefit. I accordingly was at the Opera the first night she appeared, where she was the first dancer, and maintained her ground till Garrick married her. . . . We passed the night at Colchester, where the foreigners were likely to be roughly treated; as the servants at the inn took offence at the young woman in men's clothes, as one room was only bespoke for all the four. We interposed, however; when Monkly's authority, backed by us, prevented their being insulted. They travelled in a separate coach from us; but we made the young lady dine with us next day, which secured her good treatment."-Autobiography of Dr. Alexander Carlyle, p. 184. Carlyle afterwards adds,— "I was twice at the Opera, which seemed so very far from real life, and so unnatural, that I was pleased with nothing but the dancing, which was exquisite, especially that of Violetti."-Ib., p. 197. "We returned and dined sumptuously [i. e. at Garrick's villa at Hampton], Mrs. Garrick, the only lady, now grown fat, though still very lively, being a woman of uncommon good sense, and now mistress of English, was in all respects most agreeable company. She did not seem at all to recognise me, which was no wonder at the end of twelve years, having thrown away my bag-wig and sword, and appearing in my own grisly hairs, and in parson's clothes; nor was I likely to remind her of her former state."-P. 344. SHOLTO MACDuff. The following may be added to the Notes on Eva Maria Violetti: "June 23, 1749. Yesterday was married, by the Rev. Mr. Francklin, at his Chapel near Russell Street, Bloomsbury, David Garrick, Esq., to Eva Maria Violetti; and afterwards on the same day, according to the rites of the Chapel of the Portuguese Embassy in South Audley Roman Catholic Church, by the Rev. Mr. Blyth, at the Street."-General Advertiser, June 23rd. "... The infamous Marat, stabb'd by Charlotte Cordé, once disgraced this city [Bristol], and was unfortunately released from Newgate by the Society for relief of persons confined for small debts. This I know from the late Mr. James Ireland of Brislington; who told my father, that being at Paris, I forget what year, he went to the National Assembly, and took his servant with him, who, on seeing Marat rise to speak, assured his master with astonishment the man was the very person to whom he had often taken money and victuals from him when a prisoner in Bristol gaol. I think it will be worth while to look into the books of the Society, to see if a man of the name of Marat le Maitre, or Lemain, or [Farlin de la Jan (?), nearly illegible]-for by this last he was French Tutor at Warminster-was released by them. As I do not know the year, I can give no direction; but I remember who Marat was, by my father relating what Mr. Ireland told him. I will add, my father saw this villain in 1772 at Warminster. Mr. Bush could remember him there. He afterwards was a hair-dresser at Oxford; robbed the Ashmolean Museum; was taken in Dublin, but convicted at Oxford, and sent to Woolwich to the Hulks. This I prove thus:-In 1776, Mr. Lloyd, of Newbury, and the late Mr. J. S. Harford, of Blaize Castle, went to London; where, among other sights, they visited Woolwich; and Mr. Lloyd recognized his Warminster tutor as one of the convicts wheeling a wheelbarrow, and pointed him out to Mr. Harford." C. J. P. BAPTISTERIES (3rd S. ii. 272.) — The earliest Fathers who mention baptisteries are St. Justin in the second century, and Tertullian in the third. They were called wriσThpia, places of illumination. Thus, St. Justin says, in his First Apology to Antoninus Pius, that those who were prepared to become Christians were taken to the place where the water was, and there regenerated in the same way that all Christians were: ἔπειτα ἄγονται ὑφ ̓ ἡμῶν ἔνθα ὕδωρ ἔστι, καὶ τρόπον ἀναγεννήσεως ὃν καὶ ἡμεῖς αὐτοὶ ἀνεγεννήθημεν, ἀναγεννώνται. This laver, he says, is called the Illumination, as enlightening the minds of those who learn the Christian doctrine: κάλεται δὲ τοῦτο τὸ λουτρὸν φωτισμός, ὡς φωτιζομένων τὴν διάνοιαν τῶν ταῦτα μανθανόντων. It is evident that these baptisteries were buildings separate from the places where the Christians assembled for divine worship; for St. Justin goes on to say, that after they were baptised, the new Christians were conducted to where the brethren were assembled: ἡμεῖς δὲ μετὰ τὸ οὕτως λοῦσαι τὸν πεπεισμένον, καὶ συγκατατεθέμενον, ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις ἀδελφοῖς ἄγομεν, ἔνθα συνηγμένοι εἰσί. Tertullian also testifies that the baptistery was a separate place from the church: that when the catechumens were to go to the water, they protested beforehand in the church to the bishop, that they renounced the devil, his pomps and wicked spirits: "Aquam adituri, ibidem, sed et aliquanto prius in Ecclesia sub antistitis manu contestamur nos renuntiare diabolo, et pompæ, et angelis ejus."-De Corona, cap. iii. St. Cyril of Jerusalem, in the fourth century, in his Catechesis Mystug., I., speaks of the porch where the catechumens renounced Satan, and which he styles, προαύλιον τοῦ βαπτιστηρίου: and in the Catechesis Mystag., II., he speaks of the baptistery itself as the interior house, or apartment: τὰ ὑφ ̓ ὑμῶν ἐν τῷ ἐσωτέρῳ οἴκῳ γενόμενα. This answers the first query of the BAPTISMAL INQUIRER to the second I am unable to reply. F. C. H. ADMIRALS KEPpel and RodneY (3rd S. ii. 286.) The words of the epigram sought by OXONIENSIS are given in the Gentleman's Magazine for March, 1780, p. 149, col. 2, as copied from the papers of the day, and are as follows: - "Your wisdom, London's Council, far For RODNEY, brave, but low in cash, To KEPPEL, rich, but not so rash, D. B. ARMAGH CATHEDRAL (3rd S. ii. 125.) - Your correspondent, ABHBA, who inquires after a description of Armagh Cathedral, will find one in the Ecclesiologist, vol. xvi. No. 106, for February, 1855. Y. K. HOLY FIRE (3rd S. ii, 276.) -There can be no doubt that the churchwarden's entry of "a stryke of charcole for the hallowed fyer," referred to the fire which was, and is still, in the Catholic Ritual, enkindled in the church porch on the morning of Holy Saturday, that is, Easter Eve; which fire is blessed by the officiating priest, and from it the deacon lights the triple candle, which he carries in the procession into the church. From this the paschal candle the lamps in the church and the candles on the altar are lighted, and, in some places, the primitive custom of the church is preserved, of keeping some of this blessed fire all the year, for lighting the church lamps and candles. "The feudal service of the Penny Hedge was duly observed on Wednesday morning (Ascension-eve) by Mr. Herbert, in the presence of Mr. Pennock and others." The legend abridged by T. B. (but not quite accurately, for three "persons of distinction" were implicated, and the hedge was required to stand not nine but three tides), is given at length in the notes to Scott's Marmion, and in a very correct and interesting little book lately published, entitled, Whitby, its Abbey, and the Topography and Antiquities of the surrounding Country, by F. K. Robinson, and in several older works on Whitby. J. D. CENTENARIANISM (3rd S. ii. 196.)-With reference to former notices of John Pratt, I enclose a statement of his death, which has recently appeared in the newspapers : — "DEATH OF A Centenarian.—Died, at the patriarchal age of 106, at Oxford, Mr. John Pratt, a native of Grendon-Underwood, near Bicester. Deceased, upwards of half a century ago, was for many years employed in the herbal department of Apothecaries' Hall, London, and was latterly well known in Oxford and many other parts of the country as a gatherer of herbs for medicinal purposes. He retained his faculties in an extraordinary manner. Shortly before his death he was seen enjoying his walks through the streets of Oxford." L. In the churchyard of Maresfield, Sussex, there lies buried an old man of the name of Goldspring, who died a few years ago in the parish of Barcombe. The inscription on his coffin stated that he was 104 years old, and there is very good reason to believe that this was about his age. He was born I believe in Norfolk, and there has been a difficulty in ascertaining the parish where he was christened. Passing through the churchyard of Ditchelling the other day, I read the following inscriptions on two tombstones : said, that blankets take their name from three brothers in Worcester, who invented the article, and gave it their name. At Claines, adjoining the city of Worcester, is a place still called the Blankets, and a family of that name resided there in the reign of Edward I., according to Nash's History. THOMAS E. WINNINGTON. JOHN DUER, Esq., OF ANTIGUA (1a S. xi. 425.) The following copy of an inscription in Fulham churchyard seems to give some of the information required by J. K. : "Here lyeth the body of John Duer, Esq, who died Der 1st, 1764, aged 67. Mary Duer, died December 21st, 1757, aged 16 years. John Frye, died February 6th, 1760, aged 16 years. Mary Frye, died June 11th, 1760, aged 81 years. Also, Mr Elizth Frye, widow of John Frye, Esq, of Antigua, died August the 6, 1768, aged 58 years. Mr Frances Duer, relict of the above John Duer, Esq", died July y 3a, 1787, aged 74." In Burn's Fleet Marriages (London, 1834, p. 105), is this entry, which may relate to some of the family, "16 Sept. 1717. John Duer, Esq., St. James, and Elizabeth Eyre, St. Clements, B. & S." WALTER RYE. THOMAS AGER (3rd S. ii. 228), was matriculated as a sizar of Queen's College, Cambridge, Dec. 14, 1638, and proceeded B.A. 1641-2. C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER. BURTON COGGLES (3rd S. ii. 188.) — The last syllable in Pepperdine, or Pedwardine, is most probably derived from the Med. Lat. gardianus, a warden, "he that hath the keeping or charge of any person or thing by office," as warden of the marshes, warden of the forest, warden of the peace, warden of the Stannaries. It is not uncommon in Great Britain, especially in cos. Hereford, Radnor, and Salop. We have Belswardine, Bedwardine, Bradwardine (Waverley), Bullwardine, Carwardine, Chiswardine, Fouswardine, Leintwardine, Petwardine, Shilwardine, Shrawardine, Stanswardine, and Wrockwardine. In the following it contracts into dine, as Ellerdine, Injardine, Llanvair Waterdine, Pollerdine. R. S. CHARNock. TRUE BLUE (3rd S. ii. 175.) — An old Tory wishes to be informed when and how the colour which, during the great Civil War, was borne by fanatics and rebels, became in aftertimes the emblem of the party, whose watchword was "Church and King." It looks like a reversion to the old symbolic meaning of the word, which from the time of Chaucer, has always denoted "constancy" and "trueness." It would be interesting to have a complete list of the real election party favours for the counties, cities, and principal towns (not the mere fancy colour of a candidate) previous to the passing of the Reform Bill. C. J. P. CUT-THROAT LANE (3rd S. ii. 259.) - Not only England or Middlesex have these lonely bye-ways, but London can boast one or two choice-named paths, as, for instance, Squeeze-Gut Alley, in Wapping most correctly named; and Hole-in-theWall Passage, one of the courts between Holborn and Baldwin's Gardens. NOTSA. CALLIGRAPHY (3rd S. ii. 210.) - K. inquires when the habit of writing bad hands as gentlemanly" arose; observing that "elegant, or at least intelligible," hands prevailed in and after the reign of Elizabeth. The well-known passage in Hamlet shows, however, that the bad practice referred to by K. was already rooted in the time of Shakspeare: "I once did hold it, as our statists do, A baseness to write fair, and laboured much W. M. ROSSETTI. NAPOLEON'S ESCAPE FROM ELBA (3rd S. ii. 215.) Why does L. say that his assertion that the Emperor Alexander "did not at first take a serious view of Bonaparte's enterprise," is grounded on the statement, "Je ne manquai pas de présager les suites dans toute leur étendue: l'empereur en fut également convaincu dès le premier moment"? This statement distinctly affirms the contrary; viz., that the emperor foresaw the serious consequences from the first moment inclusive. W. M. ROSSETTI. ALGEBRA (3rd S. ii. 277.)-This word must have some algebra applied to it, that is, it must be restored to its proper meaning. Al jebr, a restoration, is part of the phrase al gebr e al mokabula, "restoration and reduction," the name given to the distinctive parts of algebra in the old Mahometan books of algebra, and introduced into Europe with those books. The Spanish word word jebr. When the word was forgotten, a algebrista, a surgeon, has a Moorish origin in the notion arose that the Arabian astronomer, Geber, was the inventor of algebra, which was therefore called after him. This Geber also gave his name to gibberish at least it is so supposed - and some think that his two godsons were twins, if not one and the same individual. And certainly, since algebra and gibberish are equally Greek to those who understand neither of the three, there is some excuse for the mistake. For the word and its meaning see the note in the late Dr. Rosen's edition and version of the algebra of Mohammed Ben Musa (Oriental Translation Society, 1831). The "distinguished friend of mathematical science," whose help is acknowledged, was the late Henry Warburton, who contributed both knowledge and money to the undertaking. A. DE MORgan. MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY'S LEG (3rd S. ii. 249.)The epitaph referred to by OXONIENSIS has been attributed to the Right Hon. George Canning, and reads thus: "Here rests and let no saucy knave -- Presume to sneer or laugh, To learn that mould'ring in this grave "A leg and foot, to speak more plain, Who, though he might his wits retain, "And when the guns with thunder bright, Could only in this way be taught, "And now in England just as gay, Goes to the rout, the ball, the play, Should England's sons engage in fight, And when she lopped the hero's leg, So lately as 1856 I did the field of Waterloo during an entire day, and humbly paid all fees demanded. I regret that I never heard of the grave of the marquis's leg until I read of it in "N. & Q." T. W. Belcher, M.D. Cork. When the noble marquis was, for the second time, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, he became very unpopular, in consequence of a speech he delivered (I forget where); and this gave the late Mr. O'Connell an opportunity of falling foul of the noble marquis, which he frequently did, and with all the powers of ridicule of which he was a master. I well remember the following, which caused an immense "sensation at the time; but I do not believe Mr. O'Connell was the author, nor can I say who was. In a speech of Mr. O'Connell's, in quoting the well-known lines "God takes the good, too good on earth to stay, And leaves the bad, too bad to take away," the great orator continued Notices to Correspondents. We are compelled to postpone until next week many Papers of great interest, and our usual Notes on Books. THE GENERAL INDEX TO SECOND SERIES OF NOTES AND QUERIES Will be ready at the end of the present month. OUR SECOND SERIES. Subscribers requiring any back Numbers, Parts, or Volumes of our Second Series, are requested to make early application for the same. E. Z. Goodlier and goodliest are the comparative and superlative, not of good, but goodly.The books of which our correspondent has sent in a list may still be procured from their respective publishers. Our List of Books Wanted is for obvious reasons limited to lists of old books, or books that are out of print. H. W. The allusion made to Dante in The Times of the 8th instant, is to the following passage: 66 nessun maggior dolore, Che ricordarsi del tempo felice Nella miseria."-Inferno, canto 5, v. 121. H. H. R. In the phrase, Ex cathedra," the e is short. F. TRENCH will find many explanations of the phrase," At sixes and sevens," in our 1st S. v. iii. p. 425. We are inclined to believe that it originates in the unlucky number thirteen. T. B. should address his suggestions to the publishers of The Book of Days. W. P. will find many references to sources of information respecting the Palatines settled in Ireland, in our 1st S. xi. 87, 172, 251. JOHN TAYLOR. For the armorial bearings of Christopher Columbus, consult" N. & Q." 2nd S. xi. 412; xii. 401, 530. SHOLTO MACDUFr. Respecting the "Marrow Controversy" we must now say Quantum suff. W. J. O. The tragedy of Irene was produced at Drury Lane Theatre on Feb. 6, 1749, and performed for nine nights. Dr. Johnson received 1001. for the copyright from Robert Dodsley, and netted 1957. 178. by three benefit nights. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 11s. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS. BELL AND DALDY, 186, FLEET STREET, E.C.; to whom all COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed. 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REPLIES:- Gabriel Naudé, 532 - Letters in Heraldry, 333 -John Arthur Rose: William Smith, 334 - VerelstHealey Archiepiscopal Mitre - Hackney-Anonymous: "Pleader's Guide”. -Baptismal Names-Coster Festival at Haarlem - Oaths- Fylfot, Gammadion - Wycliffe and Indulgences- Colberteen -Blackadder Mrs. CockleWorthy Romance in Real Life - Paley's Sermon before Pitt-Wilcox Family-Suggy - Bell Metal-SackbutBurning of Moscow-Trouvaille-English Coinage - Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - Fairfax of Deeping Gate -Chrismatory, &c., 334. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. PINDAR, HALLAM, AND BYRON. I doubt if a complete account of Byron's sarcasm on Hallam has ever been given: it is a very fit subject for your pages. The sarcasm is contained in a line of the English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, "And classic Hallam, much renowned for Greek." To which is appended the following note: "Mr. Hallam reviewed Payne Knight's Taste, and was exceedingly severe on some Greek verses therein; it was not discovered that the lines were Pindar's till the press rendered it impossible to cancel the critique, which still stands an everlasting monument of Hallam's ingenuity. .. If Mr. Hallam will tell me who did review it, the real name shall find a place in the text, provided, nevertheless the said name be of two orthodox musical syllables, and will come into the verse; till then, Hallam must stand for want of a better." The last part of the note refers to another review. But for all that, the line quoted requires, not indeed a better name than Hallam's, but a worse and there is a name of two orthodox musical syllables, the only one concerned which can claim the context. That name is Byron: how it happens I proceed to show. Pindar (10th Nemean, verse 75, or 141, according as the verses are long or short) has the following: θερμὰ δὲ τέγγων δάκρυα στοναχαῖς If the first line were a clause by itself, it could mean nothing but "moistening warm tears with sighs (or groans)." This would be nonsense. A gentleman may possibly moisten a sigh with a tear; though throwing salt on a bird's tail would perhaps be easier. But the attempt to moisten a tear with a sigh is right in the teeth of those steady-going fundamentalities which we call the laws of nature; for any sigh, however slight, would do its little percentage towards drying up any tear, however large. But σTоvaxaîs refers to pavare; and, by a little forcing of réyywv, the like of which is not unknown to less erratic Greeks than Pindar, the passage means that "shedding warm tears he cried out loud with groans." Payne Knight gave some of his own Greek lines, a translation of part of Gray's Ode, beginning "On a rock whose hoary brow." Byron must be taken to have known that Pindar lived too early to translate Gray: we cannot suppose that he confounded Peter with the Boeotian. It was not, therefore, very candid to say that "the lines were Pindar's. When Knight comes to "struck the deep sorrows of his lyre," he shows his power of sticking to his original by giving as the translation θερμὰ δ ̓ ὁ τέγγων δάκρυα στοναχαῖς ἤειδε φωνά. Here φοβερά φωνᾷ cuts στοναχαῖς away from ειδε, and makes the first line break Nature's head in manner and form as above. Hallam criticised "the lines" in several of their epithets, guarding himself by saying, as to one, that it might possibly be a "critic trap," having some authority. He does not criticise the Greek of the first line above given but he says it is nonsense; and so it is. Had he remembered every line of his Pindar, he might have caught the travestie, and exposed it. As it is, his words are, "the twelfth line is nonsense; and this is all he says about it. It is no more true that the line is Pindar's than that "We fought and conquered ere a sword was drawn," is Home's. It has been doubted whether Hallam wrote the article. I am quite sure he did, from its internal evidence. His defenders, so far as I know them, take "the line" to be Pindar's, not thinking it worth while to look further. One of them admits that Hallam's criticism has a rather ludicrous appearance. I should have stopped at the end of the line, if a scholar of my acquaintance had not suggested the propriety of reading on; but I was quite prepared to maintain, even against Pindar, that the line, read as a clause, is nonsense. A number of good retorts might have been made on Byron a satirist should have no hole in his coat; and he had many. In the note next but three to the one quoted above, he says, in excuse |