ABBOT, archbishop of Canterbury, character and conduct of, vol. v. p. 342. Abelard, Peter, author of the Scholastic System, iii. 81; he is condemned as a heretic, 85; attacks heresies in ge. neral, 89.
Ahgarus, story of, i. 51.
Absalom, archbishop of Lunden, in Sweden, iii. 3.
Abul-Faraj, an eminent Syrian writer, iii. 134.
Abyssinia, Romish missions to, v. 123, 125; vi. 249; Lutheran missions, v. 229. Abyssinians embrace the Monophysite doctrine, ii. 327; state of their church at different times, iv. 219; vi. 249, 343.
Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, is- deposed, ii. 15.
Academics, their impious notions, i. 30. Academical institutions in Europe, iii. 135; iv. 252, 283, 323, Acephali, a sect, ii. 74.
Adalbert, bishop of Prague, a martyr, ii. 340.
Adamiles, tenets of, i. 209.
Bohemian, an account of, iii,
Adrian, the emperor, a persecutor of the Christians, i, 142.
I. pope, gratifies Charlemagne with the right of election to the see of Rome, ii. 219.
IV., arrogance of, iii. 47.
VI., good character of, iv. 55. Eon, the eternal nature, i. 79. Erian controversy, i. 345. Africans, the nature of their conversion in xv cent, examined, iii. 344; in xvii cent. v. 37. Agnoeta, a sect, ii. 133.
Agobard, archbishop of Lyons, account of, ii. 263, 283.
Agricola, founder of the Antinomian sect in Germany, iv. 275. Albert the Great, character of, iii. 143, 213; his system of divinity, 221,
Albigenses, or Paulician sect, ii. 522;
cruel persecution of them, iii. 245. Alcuin, character and works of, ii. 223. `Aldhelm, account of, ii. 162. Alexander III. pope, confers on the car- dinals the sole right of electing to the pontificate, ii. 433; iii. 55; orders schools to be erected, iii. 27; deposes the emperor Frederic I. 48; is driven from Rome, ibid. ; retrieves his affairs, 49; extends the papal authority, 55. VI. infamous character of, iii.
-VII. conduct of, v. 23; his bull against Jansenius, 189.
VIII. character of, v. 91. Natalis, writes against the popish claims, v. 133. Alexandria, patriarch of, one of the heads of the Christian church, i. 318; extent of his authority in xvi cent. iv. 207.
Alfred, his taste for letters, ii. 262; the most learned men under him, ibid. Allatius, Leo, his works for uniting the Greek and Romish churches, v. 218. Almamoun, khalif of Bagdad, an emï¬ nent patron of science, ii. 259. Almeric, an account of, iii. 140. Alphonso, king of Leon, an eminent pa- tron of letters, in xiii cent. iii. 133; the fame he acquired by his astronomical tables, ibid.
Alphonso VI., king of Naples, a zealous promoter of learning, iii. 348.
Altenburg, conference at, iv. 291. Alva, duke of, a cruel persecutor of the protestants, iv. 119; cffect of his ty ranny, ibid.
Amalric, the absurd and impious doctrine taught by him, iii. 257.
Ambrose, bishop of Milan, his character, i. 323; his three books on the duty of ministers, 334.
of Camaldoli, his works, iii.
393. America, when first visited by the Earo-
peans, iii. 344; its inhabitants con- verted to Christianity, 345; English and Dutch colonies there in xvi cent. v. 35; Romish missions, 38; Protest- ant missions, 41; the ambition of the Jesuits in Paraguay, ibid. ; an episco- pal church in North America, vi. 309. Ames, William, account of, iv. 370; he treats morality as a separate science, v. 322.
Ammonius Saccas, founder of the new Platonists, i. 152; attempts a coalition of all sects with his own system, 153; the principles of his philosophy, 154; his moral discipline, 155; the per- nicious effects of his philosophy to Christianity, and hence the foundation of the monks and mystics, 157; the rapid progress of his sect, 231. Amour, Guillaume de St., a strenuous opposer of the mendicant friars, iii. 181; is banished, ibid.; his works and great character, ibid. Amsterdam, clergy and magistrates of, oppose the toleration of the Menno- nites, iv. 414.
Amyrault, Moses, account of his works, v. 322; form of his doctrine and re- conciliatory endeavours, 331; pro- ceedings of the Swiss church against him, 388.
Anabaptists, their enthusiastic, seditious, and vile principles in xvi cent. and punishments they undergo, iv. 93. Anabaptists (Mennonites), their history, iv. 379; maxim whence their pecu- liarities arose, 383; their progress, 387; crimes of many of them, 388; points of doctrine maintained by the most rational of them, ibid.; severe punishments inflicted on them, 390.
of Munster, their seditions madness, iv. 391; measures taken to extirpate them, 393; plot against the magistrates defeated, ibid.; how com- forted by Menno, 394; origin of the sects that started up among them, 399; warm contest, 400; new dissensions among them, 402; their creed, con- fessions, and peculiar tenets, ibid.; state of learning and philosophy among them, 411, their settlement in the United Provinces, 414; English, called Baptists, with an account of their various denominations, 415; sin- gular sect called Davidists, 418; va- rious fortunes of the Anabaptists in xvii cent. v. 435; union restored among them, 436; different sects, with their several characters and notions, 437; external form of their church, ibid.; three orders of ministers among them, ibid.
Andreas, James, employed in reconciling the Lutheran divines, iv. 292. Andronicus, the emperor, forbids all controversies concerning speculative points of theology, iii. 92. Angelome, a monk of Lisieux, an acute, but fantastic writer in ix cent. ii. 295. Anglo-Saxons, oppress the Christians, ii. 12; some few converted by Augus- tin, 87; au universal conversion among them in vii cent. ii. 137; the causes of this conversion considered, ibid. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, im- proves the science of logic, ii. 419; inventor of the famous argument a- scribed to Des-Cartes, 420; one of the first who composed a system of divi- nity, 496.
of Laon, his character, iii. 69, 78. of Havelberg, a strenuous ad- vocate for the Latins against the Greeks, iii. 89.
Ansgar, founder of the Cimbrian, Da- nish, and Swedish churches, ii. 250. Anthropomorphites, a sect in x cent. ii.
Antichrist, ensigns of, what so called by the Puritans, iv. 343.
Antinomians, their rise among the Luther- ans, iv. 275; suppression by Luther, ibid.; tenets, ibid.; English, their rise, and pernicious tenets, v. 365; their modern state, vi. 312.
Antioch, jurisdiction of its patriarch in iv cent. i. 318; the extent of his power in xvi cent. iv. 207. Antoninus, Marcus, a persecutor of the Christians, i. 144; his partiality to the Stoics, and its effects upon learn- ing, 148.
- Pius, persecution under him,
i. 143. Antonius Paulus, endeavours to correct the abuses among the clergy in xvii cent. v. 278. Antony, forms in Egypt the monks into a body, i. 337; the rapid progress of this order in the east, and maxims of their philosophy which seduced the Christians, ibid.
of Vienne, order of, ii. 483. Apollinarian heresy, i. 377. Apollonius Tyaneus, a knave, ând an im- postor, i. 229.
Apostles of Christ, why limited to twelve, i. 50; the success of their ministry, 55; their authority and office, 85; they and their disciples the principal writers, 95; the creed, by whom composed, 103.
a sect in xiii cent. iii. 260; their extirpation, 261. Apostolics, a sect in xii cent. iii. 115; the remarkable purity of their lives, ibid.
Aquinas, Thomas, a very powerful advo- cate for the philosophy of Aristotle, iii. 143; his character, 213; method of explaining the Scriptures, 220; orthodoxy questioned, 225; famous sum, what, 227 ; polemic work against the Gentiles, 228; several of his doc- trinės opposed by John Duns Scotus, 325.
Arabian philosophers, tenets of some, i. 274; confuted by Origen, they abandon their erroneous sentiments, ibid.; form schools in Spain and Italy, in x cent. ii. 359; source of know- lege among the Europeans, ibid. and 416; authors of divination and as- trology in the West, ibid.
Arbricelles, Robert, founds a monastery at Fontevraud in xii cent. iii. 62; one singularity in his rule, 63. Archbishops, authority of, in iv cent, i. 313.
Arianism, its rise in iv cent. i. 368; the tenets of its author, ibid. ; its progress before the first Nicene council, 369; its history after that time, 312, &c. ; various sects of it, which may be re- duced to three classes, 376; its state in vi cent. ii. 127; encouraged by the Lombards in vii cent. ii. 168. Arians, two eminent writers among them
in xvii cent. v. 449; to whom the de- nomination of Arian is applicable, ibid.; most eminent patrons in xviii cent. vi. 35; bad consequences of Arianism, 36; points of its doctrine adopted by Mr. Whiston, and conse- quence, ibid. ; controversy occasioned by Dr. Clarke's opinions concerning the Trinity, and by whom opposed, 37. Aristotelian philosophy, admired by the Néstorians in vi cent. ii. 98; its pro- gress in viii cent. 196; taught by the reformed church in xvi cent. iv. 366; introduced into theology, and bad consequence, 368; its state in xvii cent. v. 69, 158, 249. Aristotle, his notions of God and the hu- man soul, i. 31; had many admirers in xiii cent.-the prejudice done by them to Christianity, iii, 129.
Arius, maintains the inferiority of the second person of the Trinity, i. 368; expelled from the church, 369; con demned by the council of Nice, 370; recalled from exile, 372; dies a mi- serable death, 373.
Armagh, Richard of, attacks the Men- dicants, iii. 296.
Armenia, Great and Less, Christianity established there, i. 302. Armenians, an account of, in xvi cent. iv. 221; their state in xvii cent. v. 230; generous behaviour of the shah Abbas toward them, ibid. ; the advan- tages they received from the settlement of a great number of Armenians in different parts of Europe, ibid. ; state of their church in xviii cent. vi. 247. Arminianism, its rise and progress, in xvii cent. v. 389. Arminius, James, founder of the Ar minian church, v. 325; professes pub- licly his opinions about predestination, grace, &c. in opposition to those of Calvin, ibid.; two favorable circum- stances for him, 391; by whom op- posed, and controversy thereupon, with his death, ibid. ; progress of his sect, 392.
Arnauld, à patron of the Jansenists, v. 183; his dispute with Claude, con- cerning transubstantiation, 221. Arndt, a moral writer in xvii cent. v. 265; his good character and works, 299.
Arnobius, a defender of the Christians, i. 244.
Arnold, of Brescia, account of him and his sect, iii. 107.
of Villa Nova, his extensive learning, iii. 145.
Godfrey, disturbs the Luther- an church, v. 287; his ecclesiastical history censured, 288. Artemon, a sectary, i. 211. Arts, seven, the wretched manner of
teaching them in viii cent. ii. 198. Ascetics, their rise and principles, i. 174. Asculanus, Ceccus, a famous philosopher iu xiv cent. iii. 277; his fate, ibid. Asia, Protestant missions in, v. 34;
English and Dutch colonies, 35. Asiatic Gnostics, a sect in ii cent. i. 194. Asinus, John Pungens, substitutes con
substantiation for transubstantiation, in xiii cent. iii. 231. Assemblies, the first Christian, i. 185. Associations, religious, in Great Britain, vi. 370.
Astesanus, his character, iii. 322, 327. Astrology, mixed with philosophy, con -sidered as magic in xiv cent. iii. 277. Asylum, right of, contested, v. 138.
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