is, likewise, his duty, together with his wardens, to attend the grand lodge, at their quarterly, as well as their special communications, and when there, they, or either of them, have authority to represent their lodge, and to transact all matters, in the same manner, as if the whole body were present.

SECTION 2.-OF THE WARDENS OF A LODGE.

No one can be elected as a warden, who is not a master mason.

In the absence of the master, the senior warden takes the chair; and in case of the master's death, resignation, or removal, he is to fill his place till the next stated election. In ancient times, it was the rule, that, in such cases, the master's authority should revert to the last past master; but it has been settled, for many years, that it should devolve upon the senior, and in his absence, upon the junior warden. These, however, will, in general, wave their right, in honour of a past master, who may be present, and request him to take the chair. Still, however, such past master holds his authority under the warden, and cannot act, until be congregate the lodge.

If none of the officers be present, nor any former master, the members, according to their seniority and merit, are to supply the" places of the absent officers.

The general duty of the wardens is, to assist the master in conducting the business of

the lodge, in due form and order. Particular lodges, however, by their by-laws, assign other duties to their wardens; nor can their right to do so, be disputed, provided, that they do not infringe on the ancient land marks, nor deviate from the true genius and spirit of ma

sonry.

SECTION 3.-OF THE SECRETARY OF A LODGE.

It is his duty to record all the transactions of the lodge, which, it is proper to commit to writing, in order that such minutes, or an authenticated copy of them, may be laid before the grand lodge at each quarterly communication, if required. He shall also keep a correct list of all the members of the lodge, with the dates of their admission; and shall, annually, at such time as may be required, send to the grand secretary, a list of all the members, for the time being. It is, likewise, his duty, to collect the monthly dues, and pay the same to the treasurer.

SECTION 4.-OF THE TREASURER OF A LODGE.

He shall keep exact account of all monies raised, or paid out, agreeably to orders drawn on him by authority of the lodge. He is to make regular entries of all receipts and expenditures, and have his books and vouchers ready for examination, at such stated meetings, as may be prescribed by the by-laws, or

at any other time, when they may be specially called for.

The treasurer, has, likewise, the charge of the jewels and furniture of the lodge, &c. unless when it may be deemed expedient, to appoint some other responsible brother, for that particular duty; or when the officers may see fit, to take the charge immediately upon themselves. But the warrant, or charter, must always be retained by the master.

SECTION 5.-OF THE DEACONS OF A LODGE.

The deacons are to assist the wardens in the execution of their duties, to examine and welcome visiting brethren, to prepare candidates, and to perform such other services as may be assigned to them.

SECTION 6.-OF THE MASTER OF CEREmonies.

The duty of this officer is well-known to every mason; and to others, his title is so evidently plain, as to require little or no explanation.

SECTION 7.-OF THE STEWARDS.

It is the duty of the stewards, to provide the necessary refreshments, and make a regu lar report of the expense to the treasurer. They are, likewise, to take care, that the re

galia of the lodge, be always kept in good order and ready for use.

SECTION 7.-OF THE TYLER OF A Lodge.

In order that a proper regard may be had to decorum, and that secrecy, which is so essentially necessary to be observed in this institution, may not be violated, a brother well skilled in the master mason's part, is, therefore, appointed and paid, for tyling the lodge, during the hours of business; but, in general, a brother ought to be preferred, who is reduced in his circumstances, and to whom, the fees annexed to the office may be of some consequence.

To commit to writing all the duties of this officer, would be improper. They are, however, fixed by custom, from time immemorial, and well known to every brother.

CHAPTER XXVI.

Of Grand Lodges in General.

A GRAND LODGE consists of the masters and wardens of all the regular lodges within its jurisdiction, with the grand master at their head, his deputy on his left, and the grand wardens in their proper places; attended, also, by the grand secretary, grand treasurer,

grand tyler, grand pursuivant, and other necessary officers, as will be explained hereafter; all of whom must be master masons.

No new lodge is acknowledged, nor can their officers be admitted to a seat in the grand lodge, until such new lodge be regularly constituted, and registered by the authority of the grand lodge.

All past grand masters, past deputy grand masters, past grand wardens, and past masters of warranted lodges on record, provided they still continue to be members of any regular lodge, are, likewise, by courtesy, as well as by custom, admitted to vote in all grand lodges. By courtesy, also, past grand secretaries, and past grand treasurers, have the privilege of sitting in all grand lodges, and voting on such matters, as by the rules of the grand lodge, they might or could have voted on, while in office.

No master, warden, or other member of the grand lodge, should ever attend the same, without the jewels, which he ought to wear in his own particular lodge, unless he can produce a satisfactory apology for such omission. And when the officer of any particular lodge, from such urgent business as may appear to be a sufficient excuse, cannot personally attend the grand lodge, he may send a brother of his lodge, with his jewel and cloathing, to supply his place, and support the honour of his lodge in the grand lodge; and when it so happens, that