Handbook of Farm LabourCassell, Petter, & Galpin, 1868 - 140 עמודים |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
acre acres of arable ad lib agricultural labourers amount annum arable land autumn average barley beans beer Botley boys Bran bushels calculated carriage Carrots carrying carting chaff clay clover coals column corn cost of horse cottage counties cubic yard cultivation daily day's deducting draught drilling dung employed engine estimated extra farm labour Farmers feet four given grain grass grubbing hand-hoeing harrowing harvest hoeing horse labour horse power horse-hoeing hour inches deep Isle of Ely Labour-cost per acre lads lifted Lincolnshire machine mangold mangold-wurzel manual labour manure miles months mowing nearly oats operations ordinary paid pair of horses pasture peas ploughed land ploughing ploughmen potatoes quantity seed servant sheep soil sowing steam power straw subsoil swedes three horses threshing tons Total turnips Twynam wages week weekly wheat winter women Writtle wurzel ΙΟ
קטעים בולטים
עמוד 62 - Ibs. one foot high in 10 hours' time, and to do it therefore he must maintain upon the average a lift of 250 Ibs. per minute all that time. Of course in addition to the mere lift there is the labour of cutting off this earth from the firm ground to which it was attached. In my second case, then, this portion of his labour is very much reduced. (2) Three men will lift 100 to 120 cubic yards of farm-yard dung, and fill it into carts in 10 hours
עמוד 63 - Ibs. 1 foot ; or 200,000 Ibs. a-piece in nine hours' time, which is about 370 Ibs. a minute. These four cases indicate the mere force of a man, then, at a cost of say 3d. an hour, as equal to a lift of 250, 330, 500, and 370 Ibs. per minute ; the two former being cases where the load has to be detached as well as lifted, and the third being performed under the influence of good harvest fare. But now compare this even in its best case with the duty of the steam-engine, namely, the lift of 33,000 Ibs.
עמוד 63 - ... sound, is the aspect of the matter in which the interests of the labourer most directly appear— but it is clear that for sheer lift, and the mere putting forth of force, horse-power, and still more that of untiring steam, must grind the soul out of any body that shall pretend to competition with it. It is in the cultivation not so much of mere strength of body as of skill and intelligence that the safety of the labourer lies, and in his capability of education he is perfectly secure.
עמוד 136 - DEDICATED TO THE PRINCESS BEATRICE. The Children's Garden, and What they Made of it. By AGNES and MARIA E. CATLOW. With several Illustrations.
עמוד 65 - ... say equal in all to 1,150,000 men, or one to every 17 acres of arable, and nearly as much pasture. We feed and use some 1,500,000 horses, of which probably 800,000 are strictly for farm purposes. We are annually inventing and manufacturing labour-saving machines at an extraordinary rate, and every year at least 10,000 horses are added to the agricultural steam-power of the country, certainly displacing both animals and men to some extent. We have taken the flail out of the hand of the labourer,...
עמוד 92 - ... any question, difference, or dispute shall arise as to the rights or liabilities of either of the parties, or touching any misusage, misdemeanor, misconduct, ill-treatment, or injury to the person or property of either of the parties under any contract of service...
עמוד 63 - My fourth case is of much the same kind. One man and five boys or women, equal as regards wages, and I will therefore assume equal as regards power, to three men, will throw into carts, upon an average of Swedes and mangel- wurzels, three acres of a good crop, say 70 tons in all, in a day of nine hours' length. They lift these 150,000 Ibs. four feet, being equal to 600,000 Ibs. one foot ; or 200,000 Ibs. apiece in nine hours' time, which is about 370 Ibs.
עמוד 39 - Where an asterisk (*) is attached to any item it is to be understood that the corn has been bruised or ground, or the hay or straw has been cut into chaff: where a dagger (t) is appended the article so marked has been boiled or steamed : a mark of interrogation (?) indicates that the result so marked is uncertain owing to some indefiniteness in the account given. The...
עמוד 113 - There is not so much piece work done on the farms in this district as in former times; but we prefer that system when the men will take the work. The drilling is done by the acre. The man who leads the horse, and the man who guides the drill, are paid each 3d. an acre, if the work is done well; they earn about 3s.
עמוד 112 - It was then drained four feet deep, at 2s. and 2s. 3d. per chain. The old ploughed land was drained the same depth, and at the same price, except where the pickaxe was used. This cost 3s. 6d. to 4s. per chain. The above was extraordinary farm work. I had more than 100 men employed at one time, my sons superintending the work. It was done well; and the men earned 12s. to 15s. per week, and some even more, in the winter months. I now come to ordinary farm work, done by the piece : — Trimming hedges,...