An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method

actual affirmative alternative analysis angles answer applied argument assert assumptions axioms basis believed body called cause certain character common concerning conclusion connected consequences consider contains defined definition denoted depends determine difficulty discover discussion distinct distributed elements employed equal equivalent establish evidence examine example existence experiment expressed fact factors false figure formal geometry given heads Hence human hypothesis imply important independent indicate individuals inference instances interpretation kind knowledge known less lines logical mathematics matter meaning measure method nature necessary negative objects observed obtained particular possible predicate premises present principles probability proof properties propositions prove question reader reason regarded relation represent rule scientific sense Suppose syllogism symbols theorems theory things tion true truth universal valid weight