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any means for anticibefore whose tribunal It is also necessary to

received, by a numerous and respectable auditory, far exceeded the Author's most sanguine expectations. From the commencement, urgent solicitations were made to him to allow the Lectures to be printed; and when, towards the conclusion, he announced his determination to comply with the request, it was received with the strongest expressions of satisfaction. This statement is made simply from a sentiment of gratitude, and to account for the appearance and form of the work; but without any idea on the part of the Author, that the decision of his auditory will in the slightest degree influence, or even that it can afford pating, the decision of the public at large, he has thus been encouraged to venture. state, further, that when he consented to publish the Lectures, he really was not aware of what he had undertaken. So hastily had they been prepared, that, when he had finished reading them, he hardly knew of what they consisted. He was well apprised that much revision would be necessary, and that many important things had been cursorily passed over, which must be more distinctly treated but he fully expected that the whole would have been comprised in less than three hundred pages. The work was put immediately to the press, and the first Lecture was printed without any very considerable alterations from the original copy; the five others, however, have been enlarged, upon an average, to three times their original extent; and a copious Appendix has also been added.* Altogether, the book has assumed dimensions much beyond what was wished; but for this it is hoped, the importance of the subject will be a sufficient apology. As neither the whole of the work, nor any large portion of it, was ever under the Author's eye together, till it was irrevocably fixed in print, he is aware that it may afford abundant occasion for the severity of criticism: he would wish therefore that it might be judged by its matter and design, rather than its manner and execution. If the former merit condemnation, let condemnation be awarded; but for the latter

*To the last Article of the Appendix,-the Remarks upon the late excellent Bampton Lectures by the late Rev. Mr. Conybeare,—no reference occurs in the Work itself, the Author not having read them till that part of his Work was printed in which the notice of them would properly have come : he takes the opportunity, therefore, of making the reference here.

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he craves some indulgence. The mode of its origin necessarily threw the work into a popular form, which it still retains, especially in the first Lecture: but the Author has endeavoured to render it not unworthy the attention of the lover of studious inquiry and of biblical literature, while he has mainly endeavoured to assist the pursuit of the earnest investigator of revealed truth. The question respecting the divinity of the professed Oracles of Revelation, is equally momentous to the simple and to the sage ; and this, he hopes, will be accepted as an apology by the learned, for his having treated it in a concio ad populum.

CONTENTS.

LECTURE I.-Page 1 to 31.

LECTURE III.-Page 84 to 152.

The Law or Rule Explained according to which the Scriptures

are written.

Preliminary Remark, on the Reasons why the Scriptures are not written in

plainer Language. Short Recapitulation. I. A Universal Rule of Interpre-

tation afforded in the Mutual Relation, which exists by creation, between

things Natural or Material, Spiritual or Moral, and Divine. II. The Nature

of this Relation considered. 1. The whole Universe an Outbirth from the

Deity, whence it bears, in all its parts, an immutable relation to the attri-

butes which belong to the Divine Essence. 2. That on all things belonging

to the Moral, Intellectual, and Spiritual Worlds, the Divine Creator has

thus first stamped a certain Image of himself. 3. And that he has done the

same, though under a totally different form, on all the objects of Outward

and Material Nature: (1.) In the chief organs and parts of the Human

Frame, and in the arrangement of Pairs observable through all Nature:

(2.) In the imitation of the Human Form which reigns throughout the

Animal Kingdom, and, by Analogous parts and Functions, in the Vegetable

and Mineral Kingdoms also: (3.) In what may be called the Moral Quali-

ties of Animals (4.) Digression on the origin of Malignant Qualities in

Animals and the other productions of Nature. (5.) The subject resumed,

and instanced in the Essential Properties of Vegetables and Minerals. 4.

Thus that all things in Nature, being Outward Productions from Inward Es-

sences, are Natural, Sensible, and Material Types of Moral, Intellectual, and

Spiritual Antitypes, and, finally, of their Prototypes in God. III. That,

were the Relation between these different orders of Existences fully under-

stood, a Style of Writing might be constructed, in which, while none but

Natural Images were used, purely Intellectual Ideas should be most fully

expressed.—1. That this is in a great measure intuitively perceived by all

Mankind. (1.) Hence our conclusions from the Expression of the Counte-

nance to the Emotions of the Mind. (2.) And hence the origin of many

Forms of Speech in common use. (3.) If such a relation of Analogy be-

tween Moral or Spiritual and Material or Natural objects exists in a great

number of cases, it must be universal. 2. Palpable instances of the occur-

LECTURE IV.-Page 153 to 263.

Proofs and Illustrations, evincing that the Scriptures are writ-

ten according to the Law or Rule developed in the last Lecture.

I. Of the Style proper to a Divine Composition. Such a Style afforded by

the Relation of Analogy between Natural Things and Spiritual, as explain-

ed in the last Lecture. II. That if the Scriptures are written by a Plenary

Divine Inspiration, they must be composed in this Style. 1. The Word of

God must be governed by the same General Law as his Works; and this is

the Law of the above Analogy. (1.) That when the Divine Speech or the Di-

vine Word, which is the same thing as the Divine Truth, emanates from the

bosom of Deity into the circumference of Creation, or into the world of Na-

ture, it there clothes itself with Images taken from that world, and that it

cannot otherwise be presented to Mankind: (2.) But it thus is presented

with a fulness which no other kind of Language could afford: 2. Variety

of Phraseology in the different Inspired Penmen, not inconsistent with Ver-

bal Inspiration. 3. The difference between Plenary and Personal Inspira-

tion; and that the former is necessarily occasional, and not permanently at-

tendant on certain Persons. III. That the Holy Scriptures are the Divine

Truth thus brought into a natural form; and that therefore their Interior

Meaning can only be understood by an application to them of the Law

which governs the Relation between Natural Objects and Spiritual and Di-

vine Essences. IV. Applicability of the Rule to the Prophecies of the Di-

vine Word. The View proposed supplies exactly what, in other Systems,

was felt to be wanting. 1. Sentiments of Biblical Critics on the Double

Sense of Prophecy. Necessity of making the System uniform. 2. Rule of

Analogical Interpretation adopted by Sir Isaac Newton and Bishop War-

burton. 3. Defects of their Rule, and the necessity of extending it further.

V. Examples of the Light which results from the application of the Rule of

Analogy between Natural Things and Spiritual to the Prophecies. 1.

Ezekiel's Prophecy of a great Sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel. (Ezok.

xxxix. 17 to 20.) (1.) General Remarks on the Class of Prophecies which

can be intended for Spiritual Fulfilment only. (2.) Evidence that this Pre-

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