The Making of Urban Japan: Cities and Planning from Edo to the Twenty First CenturyRoutledge, 19 באוג׳ 2005 - 400 עמודים During the twentieth century, Japan was transformed from a poor, primarily rural country into one of the world's largest industrial powers and most highly urbanised countries. Interestingly, while Japanese governments and planners borrowed carefully from the planning ideas and methods of many other countries, Japanese urban planning, urban governance and cities developed very differently from those of other developed countries. Japan's distinctive patterns of urbanisation are partly a product of the highly developed urban system, urban traditions and material culture of the pre-modern period, which remained influential until well after the Pacific War. A second key influence has been the dominance of central government in urban affairs, and its consistent prioritisation of economic growth over the public welfare or urban quality of life. André Sorensen examines Japan's urban trajectory from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, paying particular attention to the weak development of Japanese civil society, local governments, and land development and planning regulations. |
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activity allowed argued Bakufu building built up areas bureaucrats capital castle towns cent central government centre century chapter citizens City Planning Law city planning system civil society countries created daimyo deregulation designated development permit District Plan early effective environmental existing expressways facilities hectares Home Ministry housing impacts important improvement increasing industrial infrastructure Ishida Japan Japanese cities Japanese urban Kanto Earthquake land development land prices landowners LR projects machizukuri ordinances major Master Plan megalopolis Meiji period ment metres metropolitan areas municipal Nagoya neighbourhood Nihonbashi organisations Osaka Pacific Belt parks particularly patterns planners political pollution population post-war prefectural primarily railway redevelopment reform regions regulations residential areas residents roads rural samurai Senbiki significant social spending sprawl suburban Taisho period Tokugawa period Tokyo Tokyo Station traditional urban areas urban development urban fringe urban growth urban planning urban sprawl urbanisation