The üb. den Orient, Th. II. p. 15-19. According to Rabbi Akiba, (Bocharti Hieroz., Prof. Lee.-, f.pl. non occ.-thrice only, Gen. xxxiii. 19; Josh. xxiv. 32; Job xlii. 11. A piece of money so called, consisting apparently of a certain weight of silver, as the word itself signifies something weighed. Arab., a pair of scales. See my note הנערה ק'' הנערה ק'' καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς 'Iakoß. καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον. καὶ éλáλdŋσe katà tǹv diávolav тns пaρlévov avtîì. Au. Ver., Rosen., Schum.-3 And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly [Heb., to the heart of the damsel. See Is. xl. 2, Hos. ii. 14] unto the damsel. And spake kindly unto the damsel. Ged. And won the heart of the damsel. So also Pol. Syn. on Job xlii. 11. Gesenius tells us that it from Mr. Thomas Yeates to the Numismatic Rosen.-Et loquutus est ad cor puellæ, solatus est eam, amoris omnia ei præbuit indicia, pollicitusque est eam se uxorem ducturum. De phrasi ad cor alicujus loqui, vid. Ver. 13. וַיַּעֲנוּ בְנֵי־יַעֲקֹב אֶת־שְׁכֶם וְאֶת־חֲמוֹר this coin, is to be found in a communication אָבִיו בְּמִרְמָה וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֲשֶׁר טְמֵא אֵת Society, and published in their proceedings ἀπεκρίθησαν δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰακὼβ τῷ Συχέμ, of 1837-38, p. 141. But, here, the exploded story of its bearing the impression of a lamb, &c., is trumped up without the least attempt καὶ Ἐμμὼρ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ μετὰ δόλου. καὶ whatever to afford proof of this; not to insist ἐλάλησαν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι ἐμίαναν Δείναν τὴν on other matter equally worthless. ἀδελφὴν αὐτῶν. Castra posuit in וַיִּחַן אֶת־פְּנֵי הָעִיר-.Rosen Au. Ver., Rosen., Schum.-13 And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, Because he had defiled Dinah their sister: 14 And they said unto them, We cannot So also Pool: In dolo et locuti sunt, ordo inversus sic fere alii.-Pol. Syn. pro et locuti sunt in dolo. Vatablus conspectu urbis, ex adverso ejus, extra eam. 19 quid sit, incertum. Pecunia signata non esse videtur, cujus antiquitas tanta non est. Michaelis putat, pondus fuisse veterum, nobis ignotum. Alii opinantur, do this thing, &c. Kesita fuisse vas argentum aut aureum faGed., Booth.-13 But the sons of Jacob bricatum; cujus generis vasa antiquissimis answering Sichem and his father Hamor temporibus in negotiis loco pecuniæ, et sic spoke deceitfully, because he had violated quoque in muneribus in usu fuerint. LXX., their sister Dinah. 14 And said to them, quos secuti sunt omnes veteres interpretes, &c. vertunt ἑκατὸν ἀμνῶν. Intellexerunt fortasse nummos, agni imagine signatos. A. Schultensius in Commentar. ad Job, xlii. 11, masculam auri ad stateram exacti significare putat, coll. Arab. mensura, trutina, statera. Plura vid. in Bocharti below. Hieroz., T. I., p. 473, seqq. edit. Lips., et not. nostr., p. 478, ibid. Cf., d. a. u. n. Morgenl., P. I., p. 167. Stephanus, protomartyr, Act. vii. 16. Abrahamo tribuit, quod hic et Jos. xxiv. 32, de Jacobo narratur. Sed confudisse hoc videtur errore memoriæ cum eo, quod supra xxiii. 9, 17, 18, legimus. Others translate in the 13th verse "and laid schemes." See Schumann's note Rosen. Et loquuti sunt, videlicet quod proximus Vs. subjungit. Priusquam vero verba eorum adducuntur, causa fraudis, quam cogitarunt, præmittitur. Schum.-Et loquuti sunt. Plurimi ex Arab. notione voc. دبر. in coni. II. machinari convertunt: machinas struxerunt (vid. A. Schultens in animadv. ad h. 1. p. 124, Au. Ver.-3 And let us arise, and go up Schott in vers. Pent. lat. et Gesenius in Lex. s. v. 7, No. 2.) Alii autem (Rosenmuell. in Scholl. Winer in Lex., p. 206) cum LXX. referunt illud rectius ad ea quæ v. 14, sequuntur; alioquin enim hoc plane redundaret, quia iam in vocabb. to Beth-el; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went. And was with me. Geddes follows the LXX.: And was with sententia latet, illos machinas struxisse. me, and preserved me in the way which I Attamen planior esset oratio, si scriptum went. fuisset, Vulg. magis sensum quam verba spectavit in hac translatione: Ver. 4. responderunt in dolo, sævientes ob stuprumn viba-ba ng ajar-be ama sororis, non possumus facere, etc. Ver. 24. Heb., Au. Ver.-His city. LXX., Ged. Their city. So one MS. Au. Ver.26 And they slew Hamor and Dinah. עָם־שְׁכֶם : καὶ ἔδωκαν τῷ Ἰακώβ τοὺς θεοὺς τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους, οἱ ἦσαν ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ ἐνώτια τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὠσὶν αὐτῶν. καὶ κατέκρυψεν αὐτὰ Ἰακὼβ ὑπὸ τὴν τερέβινθον τὴν ἐν Σηκίμοις. καὶ ἀπώλεσεν αὐτὰ, ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας. Au. Ver. 4 And they gave unto Jacob Ged. Their sister Dinah. So Syr. and all the strange gods which were in their one MS. hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. All the strange gods. So Rosenmüller, &c. Horsley.-Rather, All the gods of the strangers, i.e., of the captivated Shechemites. Oak. Rosen., Gesen., Lee.-Terebinth-tree. , pl. , f. i.q., No. 2. Terebinthtree, pistacia terebinthus, Linn., a high tree, which is common in Palestine, with ever בַּשָּׂדֶה ; green leaves, and fruit growing like grapes וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר בָּעִיר וְאֶת־אֲשֶׁר it attains a very great age, and the earliest historical accounts mention such trees, especially those standing singly by themselves, by particular names, for topographical determinations, Gen. xxxv. 4; Judg. vi. 11, 19; 1 Sam. xvii. 2, 19; 2 Sam. xviii. 9, 14; i.q. .-Gesen. Bp. Patrick.—Their earrings which were in their ears.]—In the ears of the idols; for there was no harm in the earrings they wore themselves. So some interpret it; not considering that, besides the earrings which were ornaments, there were others worn in the nature of amulets; or for some other superstitious uses, having the effigies of some god or other; or some symbolical notes, in which they fancied there was some power to preserve them from several mischiefs. Maimonides, in his book of Idolatry, cap. 7, mentions such idolatrical rings, as K were utterly unlawful to be used; and vehementer perculsi fuerint terræ illius vessels marked with the image of the sun, incolæ, præferenda videtur eorum sententia the moon, or a dragon: which were symbols qui terrorem a deo effectum (cfr. v. 1.) intelof divinity among the heathen; who made ligunt. Neque tamen ab ingenio linguæ marks also in several parts of their bodies. Hebrææ recedit aliorum opinio, ex qua Rosen.-Et inaures quæ erant in auribus significationem nominis na auget ita, eorum. Sermo non est de inauribus, quæ ut terror vehementissimus, terror TaviкKÒS ornamenti causa a mulieribus gestabantur; significetur. sed de alio inaurium genere, quod sacrum Terror Dei, ingens, a Deo missus: sic habebatur, et amuleti instar, ad malum sopor Dei, 1 Sam. xxvi. 12.—Pol. Syn. Ver. 7. וַיִּבֶן שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ וַיִּקְרָא לַמָּקוֹם אֵל sub certo sidere figuris quibusdam erant בֵּית־אֵל כִּי שָׁם נִגְלָוּ אֵלָיו הָאֱלֹהִים sculptae, quibus ean vim inesse idololatre .7 .v קדש existimabant. Eam superstitionem Augustini adhuc ævo inter Christianos quosdam Afros viguisse, patet ex illius Epist. 245. Similes annulos gestasse videtur Jacobi καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐκεῖ θυσιαστήριον, καὶ familia, quos hic amoveri, ut alienis Diis ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου, Βαιθήλ. ἐκεῖ consecratos, voluit. Hinc et Judaei talia γὰρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς, ἐν τῷ ἀποδιδράσκειν servare illicitum putant, ut docet Maimonides αὐτὸν ἀπὸ προσώπου Ἡσαῦ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ. de cultu peregrino, cap. 7, § 10. Si inve- Au. Ver., Rosen., Schum.-7 And he niantur, ait, vasa imagine solis, lunæ, vel Draconis signata, aut insculpta sint in fibulis aut annulis, prohibita sunt. a, Et abdidit Jacobus hæc omnia sub terebintho illa, quæ est propter Sichem. Ged. There he builded an altar, and terebinthus, vid. xii. 6. Arborem illam called the place Beth-el [the house of God. notam tum fuisse et insignem, ostendit So LXX., Syr., Vulg., and one MS.-The præmissum demonstrativum. LXX. addunt: καὶ ἀπώλεσεν αὐτὰ ἕως τῆς σήμερον μépas, id quod neque in Judaicis neque in Samariticis codd. legitur. Ver. 5. , אֵלוֹן .est i. q אֵלָה built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el [that is, the God of Beth-el]: because there God appeared unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother. REST, El-beth-el, i.e., the God of the house of Gop], because there God had revealed himself to him, when he fled from the presence of his brother [LXX., Syr., Targ., one Sam., and six Heb. MSS.] Esau. Schum.- Dipp] I. D. Michaelis in Or. Bibl., p. ix. p. 200, et in Suppl., p. 2174. Datlio consentiente et Schotto legi mault הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹתֵיהֶם וְלֹא רָדְפוּ IT Dipp hac sententia: vocavit locum dei, :.e., locum deo sacrum, Bethel. Sed quoniam καὶ ἐξῇρεν Ἰσραὴλ ἐκ Σηκίμων. καὶ ἐγένετο verborum structura eadem est, quæ xxxiii. 20 : póẞos beоû ènì тàs tóλeis tàs kúkλw autŵv. Michaelis, opinor, non minus καὶ οὐ κατεδίωξαν ὀπίσω τῶν υἱῶν ̓Ισραήλ. Au. Ver.-5 And they journeyed: and the terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob. Ged. They then removed from Sichem [LXX., Booth., from Schechem]: and so great [so Pool] a panic was upon the cities around them, that they did not pursue the sons of Jacob. erravit, quam veteres interpretes, qui plane tacuerunt et Ilgen (Urk., p. 202.) qui pro Die legi vult i, ut transferatur: aram quam exstruxit, vocavit El Bethel, quia hac ratione locus similis fiat xxxiii. 20, neque inanis repetitio reperiatur, ex qua Iacobus loco, quem iam supra xxviii. 19, sic appellasset, iterum nomen Bethel imposuisse dicatur. Nam si hunc versum cum xxviii. 21, 22, recte contuleris, neque vanam repeSchum.-Terror of God, i.e., a terror titionem neque lectionem videbis, quæ concaused by God [so Rosen.]: it is, however, silio compositoris obstet. Iacobus enim not contrary to the Hebrew idiom to under- votorum, quæ xxviii. 21, 22, susceperat, et stand it as a very great terror. Terror dei. beneficiorum, quæ in ipsum deus adhuc Quum nulla causa adsit, cur tali terrore contulerat, haud immemor (xxxv. 2, 3), nunc Et sepulta est subter Bethel, qui locus in monte aut colle videtur situs fuisse, unde et vs. 1, Jacobus jubetur ascendere ad Bethel. Hieronymus: ad radices Bethel.no, Sub terebintho illa, sc. nota aut celebri, quod præpositum demonstrat. indicat, uti vs. 4, Onkelos: in declivitatibus planitiei. vota soluturus in eodem loco, quo cippum tree was called Allon-Bachuth [i.e., the turerexerat, aram exstruit et locum ipsum, ubi pentine tree of mourning.] aram exstruxit, læto animo atque cum vera animi persuasione vocat non Bethel sed El Bethel, quandoquidem haud amplius dubitabat deum profiteri eum (xxviii. 21, D) per quem ipsi tam fausta eaque omnia contigissent, quæ xxviii. 19, 20, optaverat. Iacobus igitur id facit, quod voti damnatus facere debebat et auctor v. 1, et Cepit e planitiei significatu, ut i, xii. 6; v. 7, verbis -, quæ Ilgen 1. 1, xiii. 18, ubi cf. not. Sed arboris nomen male iudicat glossema, veluti digito demon-esse, patet ex Ez. xxvii. 6. LXX. hic strat eo, quo interpretes spectare debent, si Báλavov, glandem pro arbore posuerunt, unde volunt consilium auctoris non obscurare sed Hieronymus subter quercum vertit. Debora illustrare. Itaque sic transfer: ibi aram mors nulla alia de causa videtur memorari, exstruxit et hunc locum (i.e., locum, ubi quam quia originem nominis querceti, quod aram exstruxerat) vocavit: deus Bethelis, scriptoris ævo perdurabat, indicare obiter i.e., ei deo, qui ipsi se primum Bethele voluit; id quod et alias facere solet, ut in manifestaverat deum, dicavit, sacravit.- nomine Tsoharis, xix. 22; Bethelis, xxviii. 9; - quamquam Masorethæ notarunt, et aliis in locis. 7, Vocavitque nomen deum esse intelligendum, Onk. tamen et ejus terebinthum fletus, propter luctum, quo cum eo I. D. Michaelis in Suppl., p. 89. funus Debora celebrarunt.—Rosen. Vater in Commentar. ad h. 1. angelos innui putarunt. Quod quidem haud displicet, Ver. 9. וַיֵּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶל־יַעֲקֹב עוֹד בְּבֹאוֹ | positisse videtur, ut lectores לי quia auctor loci xxviii. 10, ss. reminiscerentur, ubi Iacobo somnianti angeli in scala et adscendentes et descendentes apparuissent, eoque magis, quod bris nonnunquam permutatur cum . Cfr. xxxi. 11, cum xxxi. 16; et xxxii. 29, cum Hos. xii. 4, 5. Attamen non solum angelos sed deum quoque una cum: iis intellectum velim ita, ut si locum xxviii. 10, ss., quorsum xxxv. 7, sine omni dubio spectat, contueris, utramque illam sententiam coniungas. Ver. 8. ἀπέθανε δὲ Δεβόῤῥα ή τροφός Ρεβέκκας, καὶ ἐτάφη κατώτερον Βαιθὴλ ὑπὸ τὴν βάλανον. καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἰακὼβ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς, βάλανος πένθους. Au. Ver.-8 But Deborah Rebekah's nurse died, and she was buried beneath Beth-el under an oak: and the name of it was called Allon-bachuth [that is, the oak of weeping]. Oak. So Gesenius, Lee. Ged., Rosen., Booth.-Turpentine-tree. Ged. And as Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died there, and was buried under a turpentine-tree below Bethel, the name of that καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ θεός. τὸ ὄνομά σου οὐ κληθήσεται ἔτι Ἰακώβ, ἀλλ ̓ Ἰσραὴλ ἔσται τὸ ὄνομά σου. καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Au. Ver.-10 And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel. Thy name shall not, &c. Booth.-Thy name shall not only yet be called Jacob, but Israel also shall be thy name, &c. Rosen.-Quum tamen non solum Moses passim deinceps, sed alii quoque V. T. scriptores nomine illo priori eum appellent; |mand from God to go and dwell at Bethel, sensus ita capiendus est: non solo Jacobi, verse 1. Surely then he journeyed not verum et multo præstantiore Israelis nomine from Bethel after he arrived there; and, in appellandum illum esse. Ver. 15, 16. the 16th verse, for Bethel we should again read Peniel. But why does the sacred historian, in this place, repeat the narrative of the appearance 15 וַיִּקְרָא יַעֲקֹב אֶת־שָׁם הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר at Peniel, which he had so distinctly related דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ שָׁם אֱלֹהִים בֵּית־אֵל : 16 וַיִּסְעוּ in its proper place (chap. xxxii.) ? My מִבֵּית אֵל וַיְהִי עוֹד כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ לָבוֹא down the history of Jacob to his settlement אֶפְרָתָה וַתֵּלֶד רָחֵל וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ : TAT 15 καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἰακὼβ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ τόπου, ἐν ᾧ ἐλάλησε μετ ̓ αὐτοῦ ἐκεῖ ὁ θεὸς, Βαιθήλ. 16 ἀπάρας δὲ Ἰακὼβ ἐκ Βαιθήλ, ἔπηξε τὴν σкηνην aỶтοÛ ÉTÉKEIα тоÙ пúрyov Tadép. ἐγένετο δὲ ἡνίκα ἤγγισεν εἰς Χαβραθὰ τοῦ ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὴν Εφραθα, ἔτεκε Ραχήλ, καὶ ἐδυστόκησεν ἐν τῷ τοκετῷ. Au. Ver.-15 And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el [chap. xxviii. 19]. 16 And they journeyed from Beth-el, and there was but a little way [Heb. a little piece of ground, 2 Kings v. 19] to come to Ephrath and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. Geddes and Booth. follow the LXX., who, before the 16th verse, insert what is now the 21st verse in the Hebrew text: 21 Israel now removed from Beth-el, and pitched his tent beyond Migdol-Eder: 16 But when he [so the LXX.] had removed thence, and had but a little way to arrive at Ephrath, it happened that Rachel, &c. Bp. Horsley.-15 "Bethel.” God appeared to Jacob and conversed with him at Luz, on his journey into Mesopotamia, xxviii. 19. And, upon that occasion, and not after his return, he gave the place the name of Bethel. Jacob's name was changed to Israel on his return from Mesopotamia, by the man who wrestled with him by the ford of Jabbok; and Jacob called the place of this extraordinary colluctation, not Bethel, but Peniel, chap. xxxii. 24. Therefore that appearance of God to Jacob, which is related in the six preceding verses, being at the time when Jacob's name was changed, was not at Luz, but by the ford Jabbok. And to this place Jacob gave the name, not of Bethel, but of Peniel. I conjecture, therefore, that in this 15th verse, for Bethel we should read Peniel. Again when Jacob removed from Shalem to Bethel, it was in consequence of a com conjecture is this; that having brought at Bethel, where the patriarch continued till he removed into Egypt, he goes back to mention some facts which he had omitted ; namely, the death of Rachel, Reuben's conversation with Bilhah, and the death of Isaac. The first of these events, the death of Rachel, happened upon the journey from Peniel to Ephrath; and therefore, to mark the time of it, the historian resumes the mention of the memorable appearance of God at that place. a But a little way. mile. Chald. fem. with the addition of a measure of length, whose magnitude is not fixed. Gen. xxxv. 16; xlviii. 7; 2 Kings v. 19. In all the three passages the Syrian has a Parasang. Arabic Jo aratio terræ, from paravit, and then i. q., jugerum; it might be supposed, that the Hebrew word itself was transposed therefrom. The LXX. retain it, but add, Gen. xxxviii. 7, iππóδρομος, ο common measure among the Arabs, which J. D. Michaëlis endeavours to determine by a French mile. The Vulg. has, in Gen. as quoted, verno tempore, and 2 Kings, electo terræ tempore, an inapplicable conjecture. form only it occurs, r. . A certain measure شَوْطُ الفَرَسِ course of the horse, of the Arabs, about three parasangs, according to Gesenius; but no reliance can be placed on this, as we have no means of connecting |